KVS TGT Science Mock Test - 8 - KVS PGT/TGT/PRT MCQ

The correct order will be:
The grocer → who was in the habit of weighing less (Q)→ did not listen to the protests of customer (P)→ whom he had cheated (R)→ with great audacity. (S)

The given sentence is of present perfect tense and it is in active form.

The structures for active/passive voices are:

Active: Subject + has/have + verb (IIIrd form) + object...

Passive: Object + has/have + been + verb (IIIrd form) + by + subject...

Options (c) and (d) are incorrect as it uses the incorrect helping verb 'has', while the subject is plural.

Option (a) is incorrect as the original statement is in present perfect tense and the converted statement too needs to be in the same.

Option (b) is the correct Answer.

Explanation of Answer:

- Option A (always) contradicts the initial statement that Ms. Biethan is always in a good mood.
- Option B (usually) also contradicts the initial statement, as it implies that she is sad more often than not.
- Option C (never) is the correct answer, as it is consistent with the statement that she is always in a good mood.
- Option D (None of the above) is incorrect, as Option C is the correct choice.

So, the correct option is C (never). Ms. Biethan is always in a good mood, and she is never sad.

सही उत्तर है - "सदाचार" l
Key Points

• 'सदाचार' शब्द का सही विच्छेद - 'सत् + आचार' l
  • 'सदाचार' शब्द में 'व्यंजन संधि' का उपयोग है l
  • अन्य विकल्प :- तथापि, अतएव, नायक - गलत विकल्प है क्योंकि इनमें से किसी में 'व्यंजन संधि' का उपयोग नहीं है l

Additional Information

• सन्धि (सम् + धि) शब्द का अर्थ है 'मेल' या जोड़।
• दो निकटवर्ती वर्णों के परस्पर मेल से जो विकार (परिवर्तन) होता है वह संधि कहलाता है।
  • व्यंजन संधि - किसी व्यंजन का व्यंजन से अथवा किसी स्वर से मेल होने पर जो परिवर्तन होता है उसे व्यंजन संधि कहते हैं।
  • उदाहरण के लिए सदुपयोग शब्द - इसकी संधि की जाए, तो सत्+ उपयोग होगा।
• विकल्पों का विश्लेषण -
  • तथापि शब्द में दीर्घ संधि है।
  • अतएव में विसर्ग लोप संधि या विसर्ग संधि है।
  • नायक में अयादि संधि है।

सही उत्तर 'तत् + जन्य = तद्जन्य' है।

• 'तत् + जन्य = तद्जन्य' शब्द का संधि-विच्छेद सही नहीं है।
• तत् + जन्य = तज्जन्य।
• 'तज्जन्य' शब्द में व्यंजन संधि है।

Key Points

अन्य विकल्पों का विश्लेषण

Additional Information

The numeric value of the letters (considering A to be 1 and Z to be 26) is added and simplified to obtain a single digit.

For RAM, the numeric value of R, A and M is 18, 1 and 13 respectively. Their sum is 32, Now 32 is further simplified to obtain a single digit by adding 3 and 2, which gives us 5 as the final value.
Similarly for GUI, the numeric value of G,U and I is 7, 21 and 9 respectively. Their sum is 37, which is simplified as 3 + 7 = 10 => 1 + 0 = 1.
Similar process will be done to obtain the code for SAP, the numeric value of S, A and P is 19, 1 and 16 respectively. Their sum is 36, which is simplified as 3 + 6 = 9.
So, the code for SAP is 9.
Hence option (B) is correct.

Explanation:


Class D addresses are reserved for multicasting. Multicasting is a network communication method where a single data packet is sent to multiple destinations simultaneously. It is commonly used for streaming media, video conferencing, and online gaming.
Class D addresses have a range from 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255. The first four bits of the address are always set to 1110, indicating that it is a Class D address. The remaining 28 bits can be used to specify different multicast groups.
Some key points about Class D addresses include:
- They are reserved for multicasting purposes.
- They cannot be assigned to individual devices or hosts.
- They are used to deliver data packets to multiple hosts in a network.
- They are not routable over the internet and are typically used within local networks or private networks.
- Multicast routing protocols, such as Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM), are used to manage multicast traffic and ensure it reaches the intended recipients.
In summary, Class D addresses are specifically reserved for multicasting and are used to deliver data packets to multiple hosts simultaneously.

Spreadsheet program
A spreadsheet program is a computer program that organizes data in rows and columns of cells. It is commonly used to perform calculations, analyze data, and create charts or graphs. In the context of keeping a record of the money earned from mowing lawns over the summer, a spreadsheet program would be the most suitable choice. Here's why:
- Organizes data in rows and columns: A spreadsheet program allows you to input and organize data in a tabular format, with rows representing individual records and columns representing different attributes or variables. This structure is ideal for keeping track of earnings, dates, and other relevant information related to lawn mowing jobs.
- Performs calculations: Spreadsheet programs have built-in formula functions that enable you to perform calculations and manipulate data. For example, you can easily calculate the total earnings for the summer by summing up the amounts from the respective cells.
- Provides data analysis tools: With a spreadsheet program, you can analyze your earnings data by using functions like averages, sorting, filtering, and creating charts or graphs. This allows you to gain insights and visualize trends or patterns in your lawn mowing business.
- User-friendly interface: Spreadsheet programs typically have a user-friendly interface that allows you to easily input, edit, and navigate through data. You can format cells, apply conditional formatting, and customize the appearance of your spreadsheet to make it more visually appealing and organized.
- Data storage and retrieval: Spreadsheet programs provide a convenient way to store and retrieve data. You can save your spreadsheet as a file on your computer or in the cloud, ensuring that your records are easily accessible and can be updated as needed.
In conclusion, a spreadsheet program is the most suitable choice for organizing and managing the data related to your lawn mowing earnings. It offers the necessary features and functionality for efficient record-keeping, calculations, analysis, and data storage.

 Passion has a motivating factor; therefore, it is a significant need for high-quality learning and teaching.

Important Points

• Passion is seeking for the new and experiencing new ideas. 
• Passion is on the basis of effective teaching.
• The passion which is indispensable for learning and teaching facilitates learning through the desire and enthusiasm it creates.
• Passionate teachers by creating effective learning environments endeavor to increase the learning potentials of their students.

Example: Every week a teacher who has a personal interest in music shares with the class current news about musicians and music events and then displays the articles on a bulletin board. The teacher then encourages students to share current events of their own choosing with the class because the teacher is showing enthusiasm for a topic and therefore engaging students in the learning process.

Additional Information

• Only modeling any specific reading strategies or modeling making text-to-text connections by sharing the articles will not be able to keep students' motivation level high or encourage them to follow their passion. We learn by doing not only by reading or writing. 

Hence we can conclude that the right answer to this question is promoting a passion for learning.

The early years are the most significant years for human growth, development and learning of all children including those with special needs due to disability conditions. The all-around capacities that emerge in the 3 to 6 years age group are the prerequisites for later success in school and life.

• National Council of Educational Research and Training has framed the Preschool curriculum that aim at helping teachers, administrators, policy planners and other stakeholders to provide good quality preschool education to children.
• Preschool and primary education together come under the elementary level of education.

Key Points School readiness:

• Before the child enters class 1 i.e. formal schooling, the preparatory school equips him with the appropriate cognitive, pre-literacy and pre-numeracy skills.
• These skills are critical to succeed in the school environment.
• These skills that are reading, writing and arithmetic comprise what is referred to as school readiness.
• Other skills that are desirable to be acquired in some measure before formal schooling begins to include the capacity to be sedentary and pay attention, social interaction, shape and colour identification, correlating alphabets to their sounds, counting numbers etc. 
• Matching, sorting, labelling, grouping, and pattern-making are some of the pre-academic skills required for children to be ready for the higher school curriculum.

Hence, it can be concluded that content executed at pre-primary and primary levels may include readiness for reading, writing and arithmetic.

Concept of 'Goal gradient' Hypothesis in problem solving was prposed by the behaviorist Clark Hull in 1932. It is a measure of advancement towards the accomplishment of a goal.

'Goal gradient' Hypothesis states that:

• the tendency to approach a goal increases with proximity to the goal.
• perception of progress intrinsically motivated individuals to reach the ultimate target.
• steeper goal gradient has been generated by an increased drive (e.g., hunger) to attain the reward.
• Eg: Rats in a straight alley ran progressively faster as they proceeded from the starting box to the food.

Hence, it could be concluded that 'Goal gradient' concept in problem solving was prposed by Clark Hull.

NOTE: 

A lesson plan is a predetermined plan according to a teacher present before the students through new methods and teaching ads in a definite way.

• The lesson plan is a means of achieving the objective of teaching work successfully.
• Lesson planning is an essential part of the teacher's work.

Key PointsLesson planning plays a great role in the teaching-learning process It has its own values and advantages. A good lesson plan characteristics are:

1. A good lesson plan is in written form. It should not be oral because due to this many important points are lost when the plan is put into practice.
2.  The plan should contain all steps and stages in an orderly manner.
3. The language should be directly linked to the aim of the lesson. It should be very precise and to the point.
4. The subject matter and teaching aids should be well selected to suit the pupils.
5. Essential elements of the subject matter should be written at the end of the plan.
6. Good lesson planning requires that the lesson unit must be finished within the specified time.
7. A good lesson plan must be flexible and elastic.

Thus, it is concluded that the language of the lesson should be very precise and to the point. 

Levels of teaching:

• Learner’s psychology is the main proponent of teaching
• The ultimate goal of teaching is the all-round personality development of the learner
• To follow the stages of development of a learner a teacher tries to achieve the desired educational objective
• To keep all the things stated above, a teacher teaches students at three levels, memory level, understanding level, and reflective level.

Key Points

Memory level:

• Memory level teaching or learning is the least thoughtful.
• Recall, recognition, and retention are especially emphasized in this form of teaching or learning.
• The instructional arrangement is such that the learner is helped in cramming or parroting the content presented to him.
• In this process, the learner may not show thoughtful assimilation or understanding of the elements or items of knowledge.
• Thus the memory level teaching and learning is marked by the teacher's arrangement of the material to help or aid the process of quick recall, recognition, and retention. 

Important PointsObjective:

• The main objective is imparting knowledge and information to the learner.
• Knowledge gained by the learner is basically factual that is acquired through memorization or rote learning.
• It covers only the knowledge-based objectives of Bloom’s Taxonomy.
• The teaching is subject centred.
• Simple memorable things are taught to students.
• The subject material is well organized and simple in nature.
• The knowledge delivered is definite, structured and observable.

Thus, the statement 'pupils occupy the primary place and teachers assume the secondary place' does not describe the objectives/characteristics of the Memory Level of teaching.

Additional Information

Density of copper = 9 gm/cm^3
Mass of copper  =  90 g
We know;  Density =  mass / volume
⇒ volume  = mass / density
⇒    90 / 9
⇒ Volume  = 10 cm³

We can see the sun 2 minutes before the actual sunrise and 2 minutes after the actual sunset due to atmospheric refraction. So, the total time lengthened is 2 + 2 = 4 minutes.

Latin name for iron is:
- The Latin name for iron is ferrum.
- The options given are:
A: ferrous
B: ferrum
C: ferric
D: none of these
- To determine the correct answer, we need to know the Latin name for iron.
- The Latin name for iron is ferrum.
- Therefore, the correct answer is option b.
- Option a (ferrous) refers to the adjective form of iron, which means containing iron.
- Option c (ferric) refers to the form of iron with a valence of +3.
- Option d (none of these) is incorrect as the Latin name for iron is ferrum.
- It is important to note that the Latin name for iron is widely used in scientific and medical contexts.

Unlike animals, plants use electrical-chemical signals to communicate information between cells regarding touch or stimuli. This method of communication plays a vital role in coordinating movements in response to external stimuli, such as touch or light. These signals help plants trigger specific responses without the presence of a nervous system.

The process responsible for the formation of a green oxide layer on copper when exposed to air and water is called corrosion.

Independent sources are represented by circle
Dependent sources are represented by Diamond.

By far the most common and simplest treatment for presbyopia is bifocal or progressive lens eyeglasses. A bifocal lens is split into two sections. The larger, primary section corrects for distance vision, while the smaller, secondary section allows you to see up close.

A voltmeter is an instrument used for measuring the electrical potential difference between two points in an electric circuit.

Plants get rid of excess water through transpiration.

A geostationary satellite revolves around the earth with the same angular velocity and in the same sense as done by the earth about its own axis, i.e. west-east direction. A polar satellite revolves around the earth's pole in north-south direction.

Explanation:
The force of gravitation between two bodies is determined by the following factors:
1. Their separation:
The force of gravitation between two bodies is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. As the separation between the bodies increases, the gravitational force decreases. Similarly, as the separation decreases, the gravitational force increases.
2. Gravitational constant:
The force of gravitation also depends on the gravitational constant. The gravitational constant, denoted by G, is a fundamental constant in physics that determines the strength of the gravitational force. It is a universal constant and has the same value throughout the universe.
3. Product of their masses:
The force of gravitation is directly proportional to the product of the masses of the two bodies. If the masses of the bodies increase, the gravitational force between them increases. Similarly, if the masses decrease, the gravitational force decreases.
Therefore, the force of gravitation between two bodies depends on their separation, the gravitational constant, and the product of their masses. All of these factors contribute to the overall strength of the gravitational force.
Answer: D. All of these.

E = P × t = 0.5 × 10 × 30 = 150 kWh
Cost of energy = 150 × 4 = Rs. 600

When a base reacts with a non-metallic oxide, the typical outcome is the formation of salt and water. Bases have the ability to neutralize the acidic properties of non-metallic oxides by reacting with them, leading to the production of salt and water as the final products. This chemical reaction helps in balancing the pH levels and stabilizing the properties of the substances involved.

The essential conditions for the production of anode rays is high voltage and very low pressure in a discharge tube.

During the digestion process in the human stomach, a specific pH range of 1.5 to 4 is required for optimal digestion to occur. This acidic environment is essential for activating enzymes that aid in the breakdown of food, facilitating proper digestion and nutrient absorption in the digestive system.

Correct Option is D.
Rutherford Model of an atom:
On the basis of Rutherford's experiment,
(1) An atom consist of positively charged, dense and very small nucleus containing protons and neutrons. The entire mass of an atom is concentrated in the nucleus.

(2) The nucleus is surrounded by negatively charged electrons. The electrons are revolving around the nucleus in circular paths at very high speed. These circular paths of the electrons are called orbits.

(3) An atom is electrically neutral because the number of protons and electrons is equal.

One joule =1 newton x 1 meter

since one joule refers to the energy transferred to an object when a force of one newton acts on a body in the direction of motion through a distance of one meter.