KVS TGT Social Science Mock Test - 1 - KVS PGT/TGT/PRT MCQ

obsolete : no longer in use

Answer: A (is)

Explanation:
- In the given sentence, "some of the rice" is the subject.
- "Rice" is an uncountable noun, which means it cannot be counted as individual items or units.
- When dealing with uncountable nouns, we use singular verbs, such as "is" in this case.
- Thus, the correct sentence is: "Some of the rice is still left."

Correct Modal Verb:

• C: might

Explanation:

• The sentence talks about a possibility or uncertainty of the company going bankrupt.
• The modal verb "might" is used to express a possibility or uncertainty of something happening.
• Therefore, the correct sentence should be: "The company might go bankrupt if they don't find a lot of money quickly!"

सही उत्तर है - ‘अनिश्चयवाचक’।

• ‘कोई आदमी आया है’ - इस वाक्य में अनिश्यवाचक सार्वनामिक​ विशेषण है।
• यहाँ ‘कोई’ शब्द प्रयुक्त हुआ है। अतः ‘कोई’ शब्द अनिश्चयवाचक सार्वनामिक विशेषण की श्रेणी में आएगा।

Key Pointsअनिश्चयवाचक सार्वनामिक विशेषण​ :

जब वाक्य में संज्ञा से पहले ‘कोई’ और ‘कुछ’ जैसे सर्वनाम शब्द आते हैं एवं विशेषण की तरह संज्ञा शब्द की विशेषता बताते हैं,
तो हम इन्हें अनिश्चयवाचक सार्वनामिक विशेषण कहते हैं।
उदाहरण :

• मुझे कुछ चीज़ खानी है।
• कोई आदमी मुझे आता हुआ दिख रहा है।

Important Points

अन्य विकल्प :

​निश्चयवाचक सार्वनामिक विशेषण :

• यदि किसी वाक्य में संज्ञा से पहले 'यह' अथवा 'वह' सर्वनाम जुड़कर उसकी विशेषता बताए तो उन्हें निश्चयवाचक सार्वनामिक विशेषण कहते हैं।
  उदाहरण:
• यह पुस्तक मेरी है।
• वह लड़का है।

प्रश्नवाचक विशेषण :

• ऐसे शब्द जिनका संज्ञा या सर्वनाम में जानने के लिए प्रयोग होता है, जैसे कौन, क्या आदि वे शब्द प्रश्नवाचक विशेषण कहलाते हैं।
  उदाहरण:
• तुम कौन सी वस्तु के बारे में बात कर रहे हो?
• विकास के साथ कहाँ गए थे तुम?

संबंधवाचक विशेषण :

• जब विशेषण शब्दों का प्रयोग करके किसी एक वस्तु या व्यक्ति का संबंध दूसरी वस्तु या व्यक्ति के साथ बताया जाए, तो वह संबंधवाचक विशेषण कहलाता है।
  उदाहरण:
• ज्वालामुखियों की भीतरी सतह ज्यादा गरम होती है।
• पेट हमारे शरीर का अंदरूनी हिस्सा है।

Additional Information

• विशेषण की परिभाषा:
  • विशेषण संज्ञा या सर्वनाम के रूप गुण, संख्या, मात्रा, परिमाण, आदि के विशेषता बताते हैं।

हिंदी में विशेषण 4 प्रकार के होते हैं :-

• गुणवाचक विशेषण
• परिमाणवाचक विशेषण
• संख्यावाचक विशेषण
• सार्वनामिक विशेषण

The Matsya6000 is a manned submersible that is being developed by India's National Institute of Ocean Technology (NIOT). It is designed to reach a depth of 6,000 meters, which will make it one of the deepest-diving submersibles in the world. The Matsya6000 will be used to explore the deep ocean and study its resources, including minerals, marine life, and ecosystems.

Team building refers to the shaping of the team for smooth functioning. Steven and Mary Ann Von have defined team building as any formal intervention directed toward improving the development and functioning of a work team. Thus, the process of team building aims at enhancing the effectiveness of a team.

Key PointsDifferent approaches for team building:

• Behavior Modification Approach: In this approach, the leader focuses on examining members' behavior towards the team. The individual member evaluates his/her own behavior and finds out the most suitable behavior. Now he/she adopts the most suitable behavior for the performance of the team.
• Johari Window Approach: In this approach, the leader aims at helping members to express their feelings, opinions reactions, and accept feedback from team members. It enhances his/her sensitivity towards the team members.
• Role Negotiation Approach: In this approach, the leader focuses on understanding the expectations of the team members and accommodating their behavior according to the expectations. This enhances the collaborative effort of the team members.
• Appreciative Inquiry Approach: In this approach, the leader focuses on the identification of positive qualities in the team members. The effort is made to channelize these positive qualities towards the achievement of the team goal.

Hence, it is clear that in the Behaviour Modification Approach, a leader as a team builder focuses on examining members' behavior towards the team.

Jacobins, Girondists and Mountanists were in favour (support) of 'Republicanism' in France.

Important Points

• Initially founded in 1789 by anti-royalist from Brittany, France, the Jacobin club grew into a nationwide republican movement, with a membership estimated at a half-million or more. 
• The Jacobin Club was one of many organisations that were directly involved in the French Revolution.
• They were primarily a left-wing political organisation that enjoyed much support from the French working class.
• The Jacobins faction had a significant influence in the National Convention, the government that came to power following the French Revolution.
• They were dubbed ‘the Mountanists’ as most of the seats held by them were located in the uppermost part of the chamber in the French parliament.
• The Girondins or Girondists, were members of a loosely knit political faction during the French Revolution.
• From 1791 to 1793, the Girondins were active in the Legislative Assembly and the National Convention.
• Together with the Montagnards, they initially were part of the Jacobin movement.

• They campaigned for the end of the monarchy and the establishment of 'Republicanism' in France.

Thus, we can conclude that Jacobins, Girondists and Mountanists were in favour (support) of 'Republicanism' in France.

The correct answer is Petrograd.

Key Points

• February Revolution was the first of two revolutions that took place in Russia in 1917.
• The Petrograd Soviet led the February revolution.
• The February Revolution brought down the monarchy in February 1917.
• The monarchy was overthrown and replaced by the Provisional Government.

 Thus, we can say that Petrograd led the February Revolution that brought down the monarchy in February 1917.

Additional Information

• Karl Marx was a German philosopher, economist, historian, sociologist, political theorist, journalist, critic of political economy, and socialist revolutionary. His best-known titles are the 1848 pamphlet The Communist Manifesto and the four-volume Das Kapital.
• Marfa Vaileva was a brave woman and machine operator in Lorenz telephone factory. She participated in February revolution in Russia.
• Max Weber was a German sociologist, historian, jurist and political economist, who is regarded as among the most important theorists of the development of modern Western society. His ideas profoundly influence social theory and research.

The correct answer is Neither I nor II.Key Points

• Before World War II, Germany annexed Italy in 1938:
  • This statement is not accurate.
  • Germany did not annex Italy in 1938; instead, Germany and Italy formed a political and military alliance known as the "Pact of Steel" in May of that year.
  • The agreement was signed by German Chancellor Adolf Hitler and Italian Prime Minister Benito Mussolini, and it strengthened their mutual support for each other in the event of a war.
  • The pact helped to solidify the Axis Powers alliance between Germany, Italy, and Japan during World War II.
  • However, Italy was not annexed by Germany, and the two countries remained separate sovereign states throughout the war.
• Before World War II Germany broke up Czechoslovakia in 1935:
  • This statement is not entirely accurate.
  • Germany did not break up Czechoslovakia in 1935, but rather annexed the Sudetenland (a region of Czechoslovakia with a large German-speaking population) through the Munich Agreement in 1938.
  • This was followed by the occupation of the rest of Czechoslovakia in March 1939, which led to the formation of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia.
  • The actions of Germany towards Czechoslovakia were a significant factor leading up to the outbreak of World War II.

The correct answer is Depressed Classes.

Key Points

• The Communal Award, announced by Ramsay MacDonald on 16 August 1932.
• The background to the Poona Pact was the Communal Award of August 1932 which provided a separate electorate for depressed classes.
• In 1932, B.R. Ambedkar negotiated the Poona Pact with Mahatma Gandhi.
  • The Poona Pact was an acceptance by the Hindu upper-class that the depressed classes constituted the most discriminated sections of Indian society.
• The Award of 1932 was built on the notion of separate electorates that the British government had already put in place through the Morley-Minto Reforms (1909) and the Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms (1919).

The correct option is March 12, 1930.

Important Points

On 5 February, newspapers reported that Gandhi would begin civil disobedience by defying the salt laws.

• The salt satyagraha would begin on 12 March and end in Dandi with Gandhi breaking the Salt Act on 6 April.
• On 12 March 1930, Gandhi and 80 satyagrahis, set out on foot for the coastal village of Dandi, Gujarat, over 390 kilometers (240 mi) from their starting point at Sabarmati Ashram.
• The Dandi March, also known as the Dandi March, Salt March, and Dandi Satyagraha, was a peaceful civil disobedience movement.
• The march was a direct action movement of tax resistance and peaceful protest against the British salt monopoly that ran from March 12th to April 6th, 1930.​

Key Points

Background of Dandi March:

• Mass civil disobedience spread throughout India as millions broke the salt laws by making salt or buying illegal salt.
• The Salt Satyagraha had galvanized the Indian population into action.
• Salt was sold illegally all over the coast of India.
• A pinch of salt made by Gandhi himself sold for 1,600 rupees (equivalent to $750 at the time).
• In reaction, the British government arrested over sixty thousand people by the end of the month.
• ​The Dandi Salt March has been an important event in history. The Dandi Salt March was for a very good cause and helped many Indians.

Martin Luther recommended marriage for religious heads and considered the life of renunciation useless in his booklet 'Ninety Five Thesis'.

Important Points

• Martin Luther was a German monk who began the Protestant Reformation in the 16th century.
• In 1517, the religious reformer Martin Luther wrote the booklet 'Ninety Five Theses' criticising many of the practices and rituals of the Roman Catholic Church.
• In his book, he recommended marriage for religious heads and considered the life of renunciation useless.
• A printed copy of this was posted on a church door in Wittenberg.
• It challenged the Church to debate his ideas.
• Luther taught that salvation is not earned by good deeds but received only as a free gift of God’s grace through faith in Jesus Christ as redeemer from sin.
• He believed in the infallibility of the Bible but challenged the authority of the Pope of the Roman Catholic Church.
• Luther’s writings were immediately reproduced in vast numbers and read widely.
• This lead to a division within the Church and to the beginning of the Protestant Reformation.
• Luther’s translation of the New Testament sold 5,000 copies within a few weeks and a second edition appeared within three months.
• Deeply grateful to print, Luther said, ‘Printing is the ultimate gift of God and the greatest one.’

• Several scholars, in fact, think that print brought about a new intellectual atmosphere and helped spread the new ideas that led to the Reformation. 

Thus, we can conclude that Martin Luther recommended marriage for religious heads and considered the life of renunciation useless in his booklet 'Ninety Five Thesis'.

The correct answer is Narmada.Key Points The Himalayan Drainage system

• The Himalayan drainage system has evolved through a long geological history
•  It mainly includes the Ganga, the Indus, and the Brahmaputra river basins.
• Since these are fed both by the melting of snow and precipitation, rivers of this system are perennial.
• The Himalayan drainage consists of several river systems but the following are the major river systems:
  • The Brahmputra system
  • The Indus System
  • The Ganga System

Additional Information The Peninsular Drainage System

• The Peninsular drainage system is older than the Himalayan one. This is evident from the broad, largely-graded shallow valleys, and the maturity of the rivers.
• The Western Ghats running close to the western coast act as the water divide between the major Peninsular rivers, discharging their water in the Bay of Bengal and as small rivulets joining the Arabian Sea.

 Example of Peninsular Drainage System

• The Godavari is the largest Peninsular river system. It is also called the Dakshin Ganga. It rises in the Nasik district of Maharashtra and discharges its water into the Bay of Bengal
• The Krishna is the second largest east-flowing Peninsular river which rises near Mahabaleshwar in Sahyadri.
• The Narmada originates on the western flank of the Amarkantak plateau at a height of about 1,057 m.
• Flowing in a rift valley between the Satpura in the south and the Vindhyan range in the north, it forms a picturesque gorge in marble rocks and the Dhuandhar waterfall near Jabalpur. 

• The earth is surrounded by a huge blanket of air called the atmosphere.
• All living beings on this earth depend on the atmosphere for their survival.
• It provides us with the air we breathe and protects us from the harmful effects of the sun’s rays.
• Without this blanket of protection, we would be baked alive by the heat of the sun during the day and get frozen during the night. 

Important Points

Composition of the atmosphere:

• The air we take in while breathing is actually a mixture of many gases.
• Nitrogen and oxygen are two gases that make up the bulk of the atmosphere.
• Carbon dioxide, helium, ozone, argon and hydrogen are found in lesser quantities.
• Apart from these gases, tiny dust particles are also present in the air. 
• These dust particles present in the air are commonly referred to as aerosols.

Additional Information

The atmospheric composition of gases by volume are as follow:

Important Points

Break in the Monsoon:

• During the southwest monsoon period after having rained for a few days, if rain fails to occur for one or more weeks, it is known as a break in the monsoon.
• These dry spells are quite common during the rainy season.
• Normally the Monsoon trough runs from Sri Ganganagar in Rajasthan to Kolkata.
• During break Monsoon, the trough shifts closer to the foothills of the Himalayas or is sometimes not visible at all.
• Rainfall ceases in all parts of India other than the Himalayas, Northeast India and parts of the Southern Peninsula.
• It generally happens in July and August and lasts for around a week.
• These breaks in the different regions are due to different reasons:
  • In northern India, rains are likely to fail if the rain-bearing storms are not very frequent along the monsoon trough or the ITCZ over this region.
  • Over the west coast, the dry spells are associated with days when winds blow parallel to the coast.

Thus, monsoon break occur in India in July and August.

Key Points

​The Chadar trek

• It is an annual winter event in Ladakh, popular among adventure tourists, wherein the trek is undertaken on the frozen Zanskar river over a period of 4-5 days, with halts in between. 
• The Chadar Trek or the Zanskar Gorge is a winter trail over the frozen Zanskar River, which lies in the Indian union territory of Ladakh.
• It is traditionally the only means of travel in the area during the harsh winter months. The trail has become popular with international adventure tourists.
• The walls are near vertical cliffs up to 600 m high and the Zanskar River (a tributary of the Indus) is only 5 meters (16 ft) in places.
• The overall distance is approximately 105 kilometers (65 mi) – an average trekker walks 16 kilometers (10 mi) per day.
• The best time to do the Chadar trek is January to February when the temperature during the winters drops sometimes to -30 to -35 degrees.
• Chadar trek starts from Chilling however with time the organizers tend to drive ahead to about 1 km away from the first camp at Tilad Sumdo (10,390 ft).
• Over the next days, the trek moves to higher camps until Nerak (11,150 ft).
• This is the frozen waterfall and the return point of the trek.
• There are other variations of the trek which go until Lingshed, while a bigger version goes to Padum over almost 14 days.

Hence, the Chadar Trek or the Zanskar Gorge is associated with the Zanskar river.

Additional Information

The Shyok River

• It is a tributary of the Indus River that flows through northern Ladakh and enters Gilgit–Baltistan, spanning some 550 km.
• The Shyok River originates at the Rimo Glacier, one of the tongues of Siachen Glacier.

The Zanskar River

• It is the first major tributary of the Indus River, equal or greater in volume than the main river, which flows entirely with Ladakh, India.
• It originates northeast of the Great Himalayan range and drains both the Himalayas and the Zanskar Range within the region of Zanskar.

Gilgit river:

• The Gilgit River is a tributary of the Indus River and flows through the Gupis-Yasin, Ghizer, and Gilgit districts of Gilgit-Baltistan.

Kali river:

• The Kali River is referred to as Kali Gad or Kali Ganga in Uttarakhand, where it separates Nepal's western border from India.

A Political Party is a group of people who come together to contest elections and hold power in the government.

• A party that secures at least 6% of the total votes in Lok Sabha elections or Assembly elections in 4 States and wins at least 4 seats in the Lok Sabha is recognised as a National Party.
• CPI (M) is one of the national party.

Important Points

Communist Party of India – Marxist (CPI-M):

• Founded in 1964. Believes in Marxism-Leninism.
• Supports socialism, secularism and democracy and opposes imperialism and communalism.
• Accepts democratic elections as a useful and helpful means for securing the objective of socio-economic justice in India.
• Enjoys strong support in West Bengal, Kerala and Tripura.
• The party was in power in West Bengal without a break for 34 years.

Thus, it is clear that all the statements about CPI (M) are correct.

The Fundamental Rights are enshrined in Part III of the Constitution (Articles 12-35). Part III of the Constitution is described as the Magna Carta of India.

Important Points

Right to constitutional remedies (Article 32):

• Article 32 is considered the most important article of the Constitution as it provides that the right to get Fundamental Rights protected is itself a fundamental right.
  • It confers the right to remedies for the enforcement of the fundamental rights of an aggrieved citizen.
• The Supreme Court has ruled that Article 32 is a basic feature of the Constitution. Hence, it cannot be abridged or taken away even by way of an amendment to the Constitution.
• It contains the following four provisions:
  • The right to move the Supreme Court by appropriate proceedings for the enforcement of the Fundamental Rights.
  • The Supreme Court shall have the power to issue directions or orders or writs for the enforcement of any of the fundamental rights.
  • Parliament can empower any other court to issue directions, orders and writs of all kinds.
    • Any other court here does not include high courts because (Article 226) has already conferred these powers on the high courts.
  • The right to move the Supreme Court shall not be suspended except as otherwise provided for by the Constitution.
    • In the case of a national emergency, the right can be suspended by the President (Article 359).
• Only the Fundamental Rights guaranteed by the Constitution can be enforced under Article 32 and not any other right like non-fundamental constitutional rights, statutory rights, customary rights etc.
  • The violation of a fundamental right is the sine qua non (absolutely necessary condition) for the exercise of the right conferred by Article 32.

Thus, we can conclude that Supreme and High Court has the power to implement fundamental right.

The judiciary is the system of courts that adjudicates legal disputes and interprets, defends, and applies the law in legal cases.

Key Points

The High Court is the highest court in a state in India.

• High Courts are the top judicial bodies in the states.
• They are not under the State Governments but controlled and managed by the Chief Justices of States.
• Articles 214 to 231 in the Indian Constitution talk about the High Courts, their organization, and powers.
• Article 217 of the Indian Constitution states that the Judge of a High Court shall be appointed by the President consultation with the Chief Justice of India, the Governor of the State, and, in the case of appointment of a Judge other than the Chief Justice, the Chief Justice of the High Court.
• The Parliament can also provide for the establishment of one High Court for two or more states. 

Hence, Both A and B are false.

An assembly of elected representatives is called Parliament which exercises supreme political authority on behalf of the people. ​Parliament exercises political authority on behalf of the people in many ways as listed below:

• Parliament is the final authority for making laws in any country.
• Those who run the government can take decisions only when they get the support of Parliament.
• Parliaments control all the money that governments have.
• Parliament is the highest forum of discussion and debate on public issues and national policy in any country.

Important Points  

Power of Parliament are as follows:

• Parliament's power under Article 3 extends to increasing or diminishing the area of any State and altering the boundaries or name of any State.
• The renaming of a state requires Parliamentary approval under Article 3 and 4 of the Constitution.

Thus, we can conclude that Parliament cannot impose any language in the state.

Additional Information

Other Powers of the Parliament are as follows:

• Legislative Powers- All the subjects in our constitution are divided among state, union and concurrent lists.
  • In concurrent list Parliamentary law is overriding than state legislative law.
  • Constitution also has powers to make law with respect to the state legislature in the following circumstances:
    • When Rajya Sabha passes a resolution to that effect
    • When the national emergency is under operation
    • When two or more states request parliament to do so
    • When necessary to give effect to international agreements, treaties and conventions
    • When President’s rule is in operation.
• Executive Powers- According to a parliamentary form of government executive is responsible to the parliament for its acts and policies. Hence parliament exercises control by various measures like committees, question hour, zero-hours etc. ministers is collectively responsible to the Parliament.
• Financial Powers- It includes enactment of the budget, scrutinizing the performance of government with respect to financial spending through financial committees (post budgetary control)
• Constituent Powers- Example - To amend the constitution, to pass any laws required
• Judicial Powers- It includes:
  • Impeachment of President for violation of the constitution
  • Removal of judges of Supreme Court and High court
  • Removal of Vice-President
  • Punish members for breach of privileges like sitting in the house when the member knows he is not an eligible member, serving as a member before taking oath etc.
• Electoral Powers- It has its participation in the election of President and Vice-President. 
  • The members of Lok Sabha elect the speaker and deputy speaker from among its members.
  • Similarly, members of the Rajya Sabha elects deputy chairman.
• Other Powers-
  • To discuss various issues of national and international importance
  • Imposing emergency
  • Increase or decrease area, change names, alter the boundary of the states
  • Create or abolish state legislature etc any powers can be added from time to time

The correct answer is option 1.

Key Points

Communal Politics:

• It is based on a belief that religion forms the basis of a common identity; that members of a particular religious community have the same economic, political and social interests.
• The features of communal politics are as follows:-
  • It is based on orthodox principles,
  • It considers one's own religion to be superior. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
  • It works toward the elimination of other religions and their values.
  • Believes that followers of the same religion have common political, economic and social interests, which are different from the beliefs of other communities. Hence, statement 3 is incorrect.
  • Believes that followers of other religions to be completely incompatible, antagonist and hostile. Hence, statement 2 is incorrect.
  • It generates mutual distrust between religious communities. 
  • It supports the domination of one religious group over others, using the state's power. Hence, statement 4 is incorrect.

The correct answer is Concurrent List.

Important Points

•  Article 48A of the Constitution introduced by the Constitution (42nd Amendment) Act 1976 states that the State shall endeavor to protect and improve the environment and safeguard the forest and wildlife of the country.
•  Article 51A(g) states that it shall be the duty of every citizen of India to protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers, and wildlife, and to have compassion for living creatures.
• By the same constitutional amendment Entry 17A "forest" and 17B "protection of wild animals and birds" were included in List III - Concurrent List so that the Parliament as well as the States can enact laws to give effect to the Directive Principles of State Policy as well as various international obligations. Hence, option 1 is the correct answer.

Additional Information

• Earlier, by virtue of Entry 20 of the State List VII Schedule to the Constitution, namely the protection of wild animals and birds, only the State had the power to legislate and Parliament had no power to make law in this regard applicable to the State unless the legislatures of two or more states passed a resolution in pursuance of Article 252 of the Constitution empowering the Parliament to pass necessary legislations on the subject.
• However, by virtue of (42nd Amendment) Act 1976 of the Constitution, the Parliament has got the power to legislate for the whole country. 

The correct answer is 22.

Key Points

• The Constitution of India has recognized 22 languages as Scheduled Languages.
• A few of these Scheduled languages are Hindi, Kashmiri, Gujarati, Bengali, Punjabi, Sindhi etc.
• Hindi is the official language of India. However, not all Indians speak Hindi so to safeguard other languages, 22 languages, including Hindi, were recognized as Scheduled Languages.

Additional Information

• These 22 Scheduled Languages are written in the eighth schedule of the Indian Constitution.
• There are 12 schedules in the Indian Constitution.

A caste system is a form of social inequality prevalent in India.

• Casteism refers to the social division of groups of people based on the occupations they follow.
• Casteism influences politics in India as, to win, all political parties need to take care of 'caste sentiments', while campaigning or filling nominations.

Important Points

Rajni Kothari wrote the book, Caste in Indian Politics.

• Rejecting the prevailing division between traditional society and modern polity, Caste in Indian Politics examines their interaction in a given community and territorial setting.
• This book includes nine studies, out of which four are based on a detailed investigation of individual caste movements and structures and their induction into the political process.
• The other five focus on the macro dimensions of the political involvement of caste.
• This book tries to bring out the real change that has taken place in the interrelationship between the earlier social structure of Indian and democratic politics and underlies the emerging idiom of social-political behavior.
• Rajni Kothari has been a renowned academic who has always emphasized living a life of the mind.

Additional Information

• R. P Dutta was a journalist and theoretician in the Communist Party of Great Britain.
• Mahatma Gandhi was an Indian lawyer, politician, social activist, and writer who became the leader of the nationalist movement against the British rule of India.

The correct answer 1, 2 and 3.

Key Points

The Consumer Protection Act 1986. 

• The Consumer Protection Act (CPA) seeks to protect and promote the consumers’ interest through speedy and inexpensive redressal of their grievances.
• The scope of the Act is very wide.
• It is applicable to all types of undertakings, big and small, whether in the private or public sector, or in the co-operative sector, whether a manufacturer or a trader, and whether supplying goods or providing services.
• The Act confers certain rights to consumers with a view to empowering them and to protect their interests.
• The Consumer Protection Act provides for six rights of consumers.
• The consumer protection councils set up under the Act are intended to promote and protect the various rights of consumers.

These rights include the following:

1. Right to Safety
2. Right to be Informed
3. Right to Choose
4. Right to be Heard
5. Right to seek Redressal
6. Right to Consumer Education

The correct answer is Right to Consumer Education.

Key Points

The Consumer Protection Act provides for six rights of consumers.

The consumer protection councils set up under the Act are intended to promote and protect the various rights of consumers.

These rights include the following:

Right to Consumer Education:

• The consumer has a right to acquire knowledge and to be a well informed consumer throughout life. He should be aware about his rights and the reliefs available to him in case of a product or service falling short of his expectations. Many consumer organisations and some enlightened businesses are taking an active part in educating consumers in this respect.

Right to Safety:

• The consumer has a right to be protected against goods and services which are hazardous to life and health. For instance, electrical appliances which are manufactured with substandard products or do not conform to the safety norms might cause serious injury. Thus, consumers are educated that they should use electrical appliances which are ISI marked as this would be an assurance of such products meeting quality specifications.

Right to be Informed:

• The consumer has a right to have complete information about the product he intends to buy including its ingredients, date of manufacture, price, quantity, directions for use, etc. It is because of this reason that the legal framework in India requires the manufactures to provide such information on the package and label of the product. 

Right to Choose:

• The consumer has the freedom to choose from a variety of products at competitive prices. This implies that the marketers should offer a wide variety of products in terms of quality, brand, prices, size, etc. and allow the consumer to make a choice from amongst these.

Right to be Heard:

• The consumer has a right to file a complaint and to be heard in case of dissatisfaction with a good or a service. It is because of this reason that many enlightened business firms have set up their own consumer service and grievance cells. Many consumer organisations are also working towards this direction and helping consumers in redressal of their grievances.

Right to seek Redressal:

• The consumer has a right to get relief in case the product or service falls short of his expectations. The Consumer Protection Act provides a number of reliefs to the consumers including replacement of the product, removal of defect in the product, compensation paid for any loss or injury suffered by the consumer, etc.

The correct answer is Responsibility

Key PointsConsumer Responsibilities:

• Ask for a cash memo on the purchase of goods or service
• Be aware
• Buy only standardized goods. 
• Follow manufacturer's instructions
• Assert yourself
• Be honest in your dealings
• File a complaint in an appropriate consumer forum.

The correct answer is All of the above.

Key PointsPoverty: 

• When an individual or community lacks the means of subsistence, they are said to be in a state or situation of poverty.
• Absolute poverty is about not having enough money to meet basic needs including food, clothing and shelter. 

Important PointsEffectives Measures to Alleviate Poverty

• Control of population
• Distribution of income
• Controlling inflation
• Increase in employment opportunities
• Reduce economic inequality
• Land reforms
• Encouraging private investment
• Social security measures
• Balanced regional development​

The correct answer is Scarcity

Key Points

• When faced with limited resources, we have to make choices.
• Economics is the study of how humans make choices under conditions of scarcity.
• These decisions can be made by individuals, families, businesses, or societies.
• The resources that we value, time, money, labor, tools, land, and raw materials, exist in limited supply.
• There are simply never enough resources to meet all our needs and desires. This condition is known as scarcity.
• At any moment in time, there is a finite amount of resources available. Even when the number of resources is very large, it’s limited.
• For example, the labor force in the United States contained more than 158 million workers, that’s a lot, but it’s not infinite.
• Because these resources are limited, so are the numbers of goods and services we can produce with them.