KVS TGT Social Science Mock Test - 5 - KVS PGT/TGT/PRT MCQ

• Robert goes to the gym only two or three times a year, which indicates that it is a rare occurrence for him.
• Option D: "seldom" is the correct choice because it means that something happens very infrequently or rarely.
• Options A, B, and C do not accurately describe the frequency of Robert's gym visits as they indicate a higher frequency (always, never, usually).

 

Answer: D: seldom

The Correct Answer is "C.V. Raman"

C.V. Raman was awarded the Bharat Ratna in 1954, the same year the award was established. He was one of the most prominent scientists in India, noted for his work in the field of light scattering. This work led to his discovery of the phenomenon, now called "Raman scattering," which earned him the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930. He was the first Asian and first non-white person to receive any Nobel Prize in the sciences.

Alongside C.V. Raman, the first recipients of the Bharat Ratna in 1954 were politician C. Rajagopalachari and philosopher Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan.

SpaceX successfully deployed the TSAT-1A satellite developed by Tata Advanced Systems Limited in partnership with Satellogic Inc. The launch took place from SpaceX’s Falcon 9 rocket from Kennedy Space Center, Florida. The TSAT-1A satellite was assembled at TASL’s Assembly plant in Vemagal, Karnataka, and is designed to deliver high-resolution optical satellite images.

From Statement I: From this statement, we get the following inference:

All the vowels are coded as 3rd next letter as per English alphabetical series and the consonants are coded as 2nd previous letter as per English alphabetical series.

So, the code of ‘HEALTHY’ is ‘FHDJRFW’.

Clearly, Statement I alone is sufficient to answer the question.

From Statement II: From this statement, we get the following inference:

All the vowels are coded as 3rd next letter as per English alphabetical series and the consonants are coded as 2nd previous letter as per English alphabetical series.

So, the code of ‘HEALTHY’ is ‘FHDJRFW’.

Clearly, Statement II alone is sufficient to answer the question.

Therefore, the question can be answered using either statement I alone or statement II alone.

Hence, option C is the correct answer.

Report Headings

• Heading A: Is good practice


• Heading B: Helps in reading and understanding a report


• Heading C: Is required by management


• Heading D: Is a good documentation aid

Report headings play a crucial role in organizing and presenting information in a clear and structured manner. Here's a detailed explanation of each heading:

Heading A: Is good practice

Having report headings is considered a good practice for several reasons:

• It enhances readability and improves the overall flow of the report.


• It helps the reader quickly navigate through the document and locate specific sections of interest.


• It provides a visual structure to the report, making it easier to comprehend and follow.

Heading B: Helps in reading and understanding a report

The presence of headings in a report aids in reading and understanding the content in the following ways:

• Headings give an overview of the main topics or sections covered in the report.


• They break down complex information into smaller, more manageable chunks.


• They provide a logical structure to the report, allowing the reader to follow the flow of ideas and arguments.


• Headings can be used as signposts to help the reader find specific information quickly.

Heading C: Is required by management

In many organizations, management requires reports to include headings for various reasons:

• Headings provide a standardized format for reports, ensuring consistency across different documents.


• They facilitate the review and evaluation of reports by management and other stakeholders.


• Headings help in the efficient distribution of information within the organization.


• They assist in creating a professional and polished appearance for the report.

Heading D: Is a good documentation aid

Using headings as a documentation aid offers the following benefits:

• Headings serve as a roadmap for the report, guiding the author in organizing their thoughts and ideas.


• They provide a framework for future reference and retrieval of information.


• Headings make it easier to update or modify specific sections of the report without disrupting the entire document.


• They enhance the overall quality and professionalism of the report.

In conclusion, report headings are essential elements that contribute to the clarity, readability, and organization of a report. They not only improve the document's structure but also assist in effective communication and understanding of the information presented.

Lawrence Kohlberg was a Jewish-American psychologist who researched moral education and reasoning. He is renowned for his stages of moral development theory.

Key Points Moral development refers to the gradual development of an individual’s concept of wrong or right, religious values, conscience, social attitudes, and behavior. The importance of Kohlberg’s theory of moral development in teaching is as follows:

• It enables teachers to understand the different levels of moral understanding of learners.
• It enables teachers to give proper guidance to students about their moral behavior.
• It allows teachers to help learners respect others and develop feelings of cooperation with others.
• It helps teachers to develop and promote good moral values in children so that they can become the best version of themselves.
• It promotes a constructive and positive learning environment where the growth of children is fostered.

Thus, it is concluded that according to Kohlberg, a teacher can instill moral values in children by involving them in discussions on moral issues.

Teachers and parents are expected to understand children regarding their developmental needs and the probable problems arising out of ignorance of parents and teachers to meet these needs.

• A strong parent-teacher/home-school relationship acts as a bridge to connect teachers, children, and parents to ensure the all-around progress of the children. They should also be aware of the importance of providing a conducive environment to children for their optimum development.

Key Points Following are the benefits of involving parents in the child's assessment-

• Helps parents to motivate and support children in learning.
• Helps parents to understand and appreciate their children’s efforts.
• Provides teachers with useful information regarding children’s learning.
• Helps parents to gain an understanding of what and how the child has been learning.

Therefore, it can be concluded that teachers should detail the assessment of the child to the parents so that the parents can gain an understanding into what and how the child has been learning.

The extension system includes all public, private, and non government development institutions that transfer, mobilize, and educate people, as distinct from a service or a single institution that, traditionally, provides advice only. Extension work is based upon some working principles and process, and the knowledge of the following principles is necessary for an extension and development professional. Key Points

• Principle of interest and need: extension work must be based on the needs and interests of the people. These needs and interests differ from individual to individual, from village to village, from block to block, from state to state, and therefore, there cannot be one development programme for all people.
• Principle of cultural difference: extension work is based on the cultural background of the people with whom the work is done. Improvement can only begin from the level of the people where they are. This means that the extension worker has to know the level of the knowledge, and the skills of the people, methods, and tools used by them, their customs, traditions, beliefs, values, etc., before starting the extension programme.
• Principle of participation: extension helps people to help themselves. Good extension work is directed towards assisting people to work out their own problems, rather than giving them readymade solutions. Actual participation and the experience of people in these programmes creates self confidence in them, and they learn more by doing.
• The leadership principle: extension work is based on the full utilization of local leadership. The selection and training of local leaders to enable them to help to carry out extension work is essential to the success of the development programme. 

Hence, it can be concluded that principle of participation states that extension helps people help themselves.

Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) is the Government of India's flagship program started in 2001 for the achievement of Universalization of Elementary Education (UEE).

Key Points

• It makes free and compulsory education for the Children of the 6-14 years age group, a Fundamental Right.
• It is mandated by the 86th  Constitutional amendment of India.
• It involves the provision to make associations such as Parent Teacher Association (PTA) and Mother Teacher Association (MTA).

Hence, both I and II are involved under SSA. Option 2 is the correct solution.

Additional InformationSarva Shiksha Abhiyan has the following objectives:

• It aims to open new schools in those habitations where there are no schooling facilities.
• It aims to strengthen the existing school infrastructure
• It aims to provide alternate schooling facilities
• It aims to construct new schools
• It aims to add additional classrooms, toilets, and drinking water facilities in the schools
• It aims to maintain school improvement grants
• It aims to provide free textbooks and uniforms to the children
• It aims to enhance and strengthen the skills and capacity of the existing teachers in the schools through:
  • Extensive Training
  • Materials for teachers-learning are developed by maintaining the grants
  • academic support structures at a cluster, block, and district level are being strengthened
• Padhe Bharat Badhe Bharat is a sub-program of SSA. 

The school is a social organization. It is created by society and it exists in society to cater to its needs. Schools, therefore, are administered and the society. 

Key Points Teachers act as a guide, mentors, advisors, etc. They can impact the lives of the students. Following are the responsibilities of a teacher in school administration:-

• To communicate, consult and co-operate with other members.
• To attend school assembly.
• Attend staff, group, or other meetings.
• Encouraging student participation in lessons and in other school-related activities.
• Supporting the leadership team to implement the school’s development plan.

Thus, it is concluded that all of the following are the responsibilities of a teacher in school administration, except to ensure financial benefits for self-development.

The tools that are employed to spread culture and really pass it along are agents of socialization. Agents are therefore individuals, groups, and institutions that aid in our understanding of the social environment. Key Points

• Although the family may also include close friends and/or neighbors, it is more common for it to consist of parents, siblings, grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins, etc. These family members impart the necessary knowledge to a youngster. They teach the child how to use things like clothing, computers, eating utensils, books, and bikes as well as how to relate to others (some as "family," others as "friends," still others as "strangers," teachers, or neighbors), as well as how the world functions (what is "real" and what is "imagined."
• The process of socialization is not just limited to the family. It consists of a range of groups and institutions through which people learn the culture of their society.
• The most significant institution for delivering formal education is the school. It is referred to as a social transformation organization. Children are socialized in schools via lessons on citizenship and pride in one's country.
• One other socializing tool is the media. Our political opinions, popular cultural preferences, and perceptions of women, people of color, and homosexual people, among many other beliefs and behaviors, are influenced by television programmes, motion pictures, popular music, magazines, websites, and other forms of mass media. Media helps children to directly interact with the world through various online portals.

Hence, it is concluded that Both 2 and 3 are the correct option.

Any object or material that is used to facilitate learning and teaching can be considered as teaching-learning material (TLM).

Key Points

TLM is also categorized based on projected, non-projected, or experiential. 

(I) Projected aids: Movies, epidiascope, the magic lantern, micro-projectors and projection with the overhead projectors, LCD projector are examples of projected aids.

(ii) Non-projected aids: Chalkboard, felt board, bulletin board, photographs, posters, maps, charts, and textbook illustrations, come under non-projected aids. 

(III) Experiential aids: Field trips, educational tours, visiting important institutions and industries, observing experiments, etc.

Important Points

• Bulletin boards are a type of display board that is more of a non-projected visual aid.
• They contain student contributions that should be well-labeled and encouraged.
• They should be frequently changed and must be properly dated to make sure that it does not stay on the board for the time exceeding the actual desired time.
• Materials posted in bulletin boards should be changed frequently and systematically.

Hence, we can conclude that Bulletin boards are a type of projected aids is not correct.

Development planning is important both to the head of the school and to the school. The school needs a development plan to help in its growth and improvement. The head needs a development plan to be a good and efficient school manager.

Key Points

 A school development plan usually includes the following parts and information:

• Background: The school background includes things such as the name of the school, general enrollment statistics, the number and composition of staff, the geographic area served, a description of facilities, cluster and circuit details, and other relevant information.
• School Analysis: The school analysis describes how the school is performing in key areas. It includes judgments about the quality of education at the school and indicates the major strengths and weaknesses.
• Priorities, based on the school analysis: The list of priorities describes the most important areas that need attention and can be dealt with using, within the time of the plan, resources available to the school.
• Summary of two to three-year plans for developing the school: The summarized 2/3-year plan shows targeted goals and plans which will take more than a year to achieve. 
• Action Plan for the coming year: The action plan is a working document that describes and summarizes what needs to be done to implement the development plan during the coming year. This plan serves as a guide to implementation and evaluation. 
• Monitoring and Evaluation Plan: The monitoring and evaluation plan describes how planned activities will be monitored and evaluated during the coming year. It serves as a basis (a) for ensuring that plans made are carried out and (b) for reporting on the progress made.  

Hence, it is clear that under the school development plan, the summarized 2/3-year plan shows that targeted goals and plans which will take more than a year to achieve. 

The correct answer is Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A.

Key Points

• In 1834, a Customs Union, known as Zollverein was formed at the initiative of Prussia which was the predecessor of Germany.
• By 1866 most of the German states became members of this union.
• It led to the establishment of free trade throughout the country.
• It helped in awakening the national interest among the people of Germany by fusing individual and provincial interests among them.
• The main aim was to manage tariffs and policies of the economy within their territories. 

Among the given options, Marat was a Jacobins.

Important Points

• In the last decade of the 18^th century, political clubs became an important rallying point for people who wished to discuss government policies and plan their own forms of action.
• The most successful of these clubs was that of the Jacobins, which got its name from the former convent of St Jacob in Paris.
• The members of the Jacobin club belonged mainly to the less prosperous sections of society.
• They included small shopkeepers, artisans such as shoemakers, pastry cooks, watch-makers, printers, as well as servants and daily-wage workers.
• Their leader was Maximilian Robespierre.
• A large group among the Jacobins decided to start wearing long striped trousers similar to those worn by dock workers.
• This was to set themselves apart from the fashionable sections of society, especially nobles, who wore knee breeches.
• It was a way of proclaiming the end of the power wielded by the wearers of knee breeches.
• These Jacobins came to be known as the sans-culottes, literally meaning ‘those without knee breeches’.
• Sans-culottes men wore in addition the red cap that symbolised liberty.
• The revolutionary journalist Jean-Paul Marat was a vigorous defender of the sans-culottes and published his views in pamphlets, placards and newspapers.

• His periodical L'Ami du peuple (Friend of the People) made him an unofficial link with the radical Jacobin group that came to power after June 1793.

Hence, we can conclude that Marat was a Jacobins.

A Tributary refers to a small stream that feeds into a larger stream or river. The larger, or parent river is called the mainstream. A Tributary does not directly flow into a sea or ocean.

Key Points

• The Yamuna has its origin in Yamunotri Glacier on the western slopes of Banderpooch peak in Uttarakhand. 
• The total length of the river is 1,376 Km.
• Some major right-bank tributaries are Chambal, Ken, Betwa, and Tons.   
• River Tons is the largest tributary of the river which meets near Dehradun.
• The other  tributaries of Yamuna include Giri, Rishi Ganga, Hanuman Ganga, Assan, and Bata river.
• River Yamuna meets Ganga at Triveni Sangam at Prayagraj. 

Additional Information 

• The Tangri River is also called the Dangri River.
• It originates in the Shivalik Hills. It is a tributary of the Ghaggar river.

Hence, The Tangri river is not the tributary of the River Yamuna.

​The correct answer is option 2.Key Points Hadley Cell:

• ​​The cell is located between 10-30 degree latitudes in both hemispheres.
• This is a thermally induced cell and is the result of intense solar insolation.
• The intense insolation produces rising air along the equator.
• The rising air cools down below the tropopause and diverges towards the pole as the anti-trade wind.
• They lead to upper air around 30 degrees latitude and sink causing subtropical high pressure. Hence pair 1 is not correct.
• The trade wind flows from this High Pressure toward the equator and completes this cell.

Ferrel Cell:

• This cell extends from 35 to 60-degree latitude in both hemispheres between subtropical highs and sub-polar lows. Hence pair 2 is correct.
• This is a thermally indirect cell and induced due to dynamic forces.
• In this cell, the warm air is seen ascending from the polar front and breaking through near the tropopause.
• The most important feature of this cell is that the polar front is more continuous in the middle troposphere.
• There is a subsidence of air in the horse latitude from the tropical as well as polar front dells.
• On the surface, the circulation is completed by the westerly wind blowing toward the poleward side.

Polar Cell:

• It extends from 65 to 90 degrees in both hemispheres between subpolar lows and polar highs. Hence pair 3 is correct.
• This is a thermally direct cell and is strongest during winter.
• There is sinking air along the poles which moves towards the subpolar low as the easterly wind.
• In the subpolar lows, the easterly and westerly interact and the air rise to complete the polar cell circulation.

• States having very high population growth rates are Dadra and Nagar Haveli(55.9), Daman and Diu(53.8), Uttar Pradesh(20.23), Maharashtra(15.99), Bihar(25.42), West Bengal(13.84), and Andhra Pradesh(10.98).
• States having low population growth rates are Nagaland(-0.6), Kerala(4.9), Lakshadweep(6.3), and Andaman and Nicobar Islands(6.9).
• The Total Fertility Rate (TFR) has declined from 2.2 in 2005 to 2.0 in 2022. 

The above table is clearly showing the states and UTs like  Bihar, Jammu, Kashmir, Meghalaya, and Mizoram are showing a high population growth rate during 2001-to 2011 as per data given by the census of India. It is more than 20% for all the mentioned states and UTs.

The correct answer is 1 only.

Key Points

• Democracy involves competition among various political parties and political parties use social division to get support.
• Due to this political competition in a democracy is social divisions that can lead to political divisions.
• In a democracy, a community may peacefully voice their grievances.
• Democracy is the best way to accommodate social diversity. 
  • It accommodates social diversity as it allows for equality, and fair representation to all irrespective of their caste, creed, colour, race, religion, language or place of residence. 
  • Hence, Statement 1 is correct.
• Democracy does not always lead to the disintegration of society based on social divisions as all social divisions are not dangerous. Hence, Statement 2 is incorrect.
• However social divisions may lead to conflict, violence, or even disintegration of a country in some cases. 
• Social divisions take place when social differences overlap.
  • A person may have multiple identities.
  • All social differences do not result in social divisions. 

Additional Information

• Democracy is a system of government by the whole population or all the eligible members of a state, typically through elected representatives. 
• Democracy is the government of the people, by the people, and for the people.
• It leads to good governance and helps in the Welfare of the public.
• It accommodates diversity like caste, religion, race, religion, ethnicity, etc. 
• People enjoy various rights like fundamental rights under democracy political system.  
• It leads to a government by the people through free and fair elections.
• It leads to the empowerment of weaker sections.  
• The constitution of India accommodates equality among various communities and social groups to strengthen democracy.
  • 33% reservation is granted to women in local panchayats.  
• It checks corruption and misuse of power.
• It leads to a transparent and accountable government.

Democracy is derived from the Greek word meaning power or rule.

• Democracy is concerned with ensuring that people have the right to choose their rulers and have control over the rulers.
• When possible and necessary, citizens should be able to participate in decision-making in a democracy.
• Democracy ensures that decision-making is based on norms and procedures.
• A citizen has the right and the means to examine the process of decision-making.
• Thus democracy entails transparency.

Key Points 
Democracy is a better form of government than others:

• ​Based on the idea of deliberation and negotiation. Thus the necessary delay in implementation.
• Decisions are acceptable to people and are more effective.
• A citizen has the right and the means to examine the process of- decision-making. There is transparency.
• Democratic government is a legitimate government, people’s own government.
• There is an inability of democracy to achieve higher economic growth which is a cause of worry.
• The ability to handle differences, decisions and conflicts is a positive point of democratic regimes.
• Democracy has strengthened the claims of the disadvantaged and discriminated castes for equal status and equal opportunity.

The correct answer is economic inequalities and political democracy can co-exist. 

Key Points

Democracies experience inequalities. Development and democracy go hand in hand.

• Economic inequities should be reduced by democracies, possibly more so than by development, it seems reasonable to assume.
• Even though a country has rapid economic growth, economic disparity results from wealth not being dispersed fairly among the populace.
• While the process of putting people on an equal footing in the political arena is ongoing, we observe growing economic inequities.
• The incomes of those at the bottom of the social scale have been falling. There aren't many other sources of revenue for poor farmers to rely on.
  • Poor individuals struggle to provide for their fundamental requirements, including those related to health, housing, education, clothing, and food, among others.
  • A small number of extremely wealthy people control an extremely disproportionate amount of income and wealth. The percentage of the few wealthy individuals in the nation's total income has been dramatically rising.
• Democracy is built on the idea of political equality. However, democracy has economic disparities. Additionally, there exist societal inequities.
• However, India's democracy has intensified the demands for equal opportunity and status made by castes that are subject to discrimination. 
• In communities that have long been based on dominance and subordination, it can be challenging to accept that all people are created equal.
• In any society, disputes between various social groups cannot be completely and permanently resolved.
• Internal social divisions are typically downplayed, and non-democratic governments typically ignore them.
• Democratic governments are better equipped to prevent and resolve disputes, divisions, and wars.

Option 1 is correct, i.e. Manmohan Singh.

• Dr. Manmohan Singh is called the pioneer of the liberalization of the Indian Economy.
• Eighth five-year plan Known as Rao and Manmohan Plan
• The Government announced the new Industrial Policy whereby it:
  • Delicensed most industries
  • Reduced import tariffs
  • Opened doors for foreign direct investment and
  • Introduced a market-determined exchange rate system.

Extra facts:

• Economic liberalization simply refers to the elimination of any restraints or restrictions in the economy to ensure economic growth and development.
• Economic liberalization in India started in 1991 by making changes in the Industrial licensing policy.
• This policy aimed at providing more freedom and flexibility to the industries.

Note: All these developments marked the Liberalization of Indian Economy which started under the 8^th Five Year Plan.

The correct answer is ‘15th March’

Key Points

• World Consumer Rights Day is observed on 15th March majorly to create awareness about consumer rights. 
• The Day is observed as a means of raising global awareness about consumer rights and needs.
• The day is also observed with an aim to protect customers from abuses and social injustices which undermine their rights.
• The members of Consumers International have selected ‘Fair Digital Finance’ as the Global theme.
• President John F Kennedy sent a special message to the US Congress on 15th March 1962, in which he formally addressed the issue of consumer rights. 
• Inspired by his speech on 15th March 1983 first World Consumer Rights Day was celebrated.
• In India, the consumer rights movement was started in 1966 in Maharashtra.
• Grahak Panchayat was established in Pune in 1974.
• On December 9, 1986, the consumer protection act was passed in Parliament with the purpose of empowering consumers.

​Consumer Protection Act (COPRA):

• The Consumer Protection Act (COPRA) is an act of the Parliament of India.
• The act was passed in Assembly in October 1986 and came into force on December 24, 1986.
• It was enacted to protect the interests of consumers in India.  
• Consumer Protection Act is regarded as the 'Magna Carta' in the field of consumer protection.
• The Consumer Protection Act (CPA) seeks to protect and promote the consumers’ interest through speedy and inexpensive redressal of their grievances.
• The scope of the Act is very wide.
• It is applicable to all types of undertakings, big and small, whether in the private or public sector, or any other services.
• The Act confers certain rights to consumers with a view to empowering them and protecting their interests.
• Consumer Protection Act of 1986 was valid in all Indian states and UTs except Jammu and Kashmir
• It is being replaced by the Consumer Protection Act in 2019 (COPRA -2019).
• COPRA-2019 is valid in all Indian states and UTs including Jammu and Kashmir.

Thus, the Consumer Protection Act 1986 is being replaced by Consumer Protection Act, 2019.

The agencies of Globalization are

• MNCs
• Nation-State
• Media
• Market

Important Points  

• Globalization is a process fuelled by and resulting in, increasing cross-border flows of goods, services, money, people, information, and culture.
• MNCs are significant participants in the process of globalization. They also work closely with local and small producers to integrate markets while they are far away. Their efforts improve international ties by promoting investments and global trade in goods.
• The nation-state, under the globalization breeze is compelled to organize the domestic agendas to fit the economic, social and political global scope.
• Media is one of the important agencies of globalisation. Media are the motor of contemporary globalisation.mass Media play a key role in globalisation as it is through it only that information is exchanged between different cultures and countries. Rantanen (2005) says that the relationship between media and globalisation can be explained by using the metaphor of one being a horse and other a carriage or one like a computer and other a screen.
• Globalisation is purely related to open market with no boundaries of any states. This open market encourages international trade, greater mobility of capital as well as human resources and hence, in the process leading to coming up of Multinational Corporations.

Additional Information 

Few other definitions of Globalization are :

• Immanuel Wallerstein defines, “Globalization represents the triumph of a capitalist world economy tied together by a global division of labor".
• According to Anthony Giddens, “Globalization means that we all increasingly live in a world where individuals, groups and nations are interdependent.”
• Roland Robertson defined Globalization as “Globalization as a concept that refers both to the compression of the world and the intensification of consciousness of the world as a whole.”

The correct answer is Alagh Committee.Key Points

• Alagh committee recommended a poverty line based on nutritional requirements exclusively.
• The Taskforce constituted by the Planning Commission under the direction of YK Alagh, constructed a poverty line for rural and urban areas on the basis of nutritional requirements and related consumption expenditure.

Additional Information

• Tendulkar headed a namesake committee, The Suresh Tendulkar Committee, which was responsible for studying the portion of the population that lived below the poverty line (BPL).
• He also served as a member of the Reserve Bank of India's central board of directors. 
• The Lakdawala Committee, chaired by D.T. Lakdawala, was an expert group that set the poverty line in India so that anyone who was above it could afford 2100 and 2400 calories in the urban and rural areas, respectively, including shelter and clothes.

Concept:

Absolute poverty:

• Absolute poverty can be defined as ‘a condition characterized by severe deprivation of basic human needs.
• Absolute poverty means when a household is not able to meet the needs of basic necessities of life.
• It is when a person or a household is below the poverty line and not able to meet basic necessities like shelter, food etc.
• These include food, safe drinking water sanitation facilities, health, shelter, education and access to benefits.
• Families living in absolute poverty cannot afford the basic necessities for life like food, clothing and shelter.
• In poorer countries this means that people are so poor that their poverty puts their lives at risk and many may die because they cannot meet their Basic human needs.

https://image.slidesharecdn.com/measurementsofpoverty-131104010049-phpapp02/85/measurements-of-poverty-2-320.jpg?cb=1665703271

Additional InformationDeprivation index: “A relative measure of multiple deprivation expressed at small area level and covering an entire country” Primary purpose: target anti-poverty initiatives or allocating resources for poverty alleviation/regeneration.