UPSC CAPF Paper 1 Mock Test - 4 (General & Mental Ability) - CDS MCQ

The correct option is D  as 
a)Creates a sense of factionalism
b)Parties use dirty tricks to win elections
Are the demerits of electoral competition .
 

Answer:
The correct combination regarding the ideals of our Constitution is option C: Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic Republic. Let's break down each ideal:
Sovereign:
- The Constitution declares India as a sovereign nation, which means it is independent and not under the control of any external authority.
- India has the authority to govern itself and make decisions without interference from other countries.
Socialist:
- The Constitution aims to establish a socialist society in India.
- This means promoting social and economic equality, reducing inequalities in income and wealth, and ensuring equal opportunities for all citizens.
Secular:
- India is a secular nation, which means it does not promote any specific religion or give preferential treatment to any particular religion.
- The State maintains an equal distance from all religions and treats all citizens equally, irrespective of their religion.
Democratic Republic:
- India is a democratic republic, where the power to govern is vested in the hands of the people.
- The citizens have the right to elect their representatives through free and fair elections, and these representatives make decisions on their behalf.
- The President is the head of state, and the Prime Minister is the head of government.
In summary, the correct combination of ideals of our Constitution is C: Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic Republic.

The separation of powers is a fundamental guarantee of the independence of the judiciary. In the decision-making process, judges should have freedom to decide cases impartially, in accordance with their interpretation of the law and the facts. They should be able to act without any restriction or improper influence.

When the quantity of acids in the raining water is more than the average, then such rain is called 'Acid rain'.

We are aware that normally rainwater has a pH of 5.6.  When the pH of the rainwater drops below 5.6, it is called acid rain.

Acid rain refers to the ways in which acid from the atmosphere is deposited on the earth’s surface. Oxides of nitrogen and sulphur which are acidic in nature can be blown by the wind along with solid particles in the atmosphere and finally settle down either on the ground as dry deposition or in water, fog and snow as wet deposition.

∴ The average pH value of the acid rain is 4 to 5 and hence the average value of 4.5.

The bad effects of acid rain

• When acid rain falls and flows as groundwater to reach rivers, lakes etc, it affects plants and animal life in the aquatic ecosystem
• Acid rain is harmful to agriculture, trees and plants as it dissolves and washes away nutrients needed for their growth
• It causes respiratory ailments in human beings and animal
• It may also cause corrosion in many buildings bridges, monuments, fencing etc
• It causes irritation in the eyes and skin of human beings
• This rain reduces the lustre of the metals too
• Acid rain damages buildings and other structures made of stone or metal
• The Taj Mahal in India has been affected by acid rain

The correct answer is All of the above.

• Sound is the main means of communication in many animals, including humans. A low sound is pleasant and harmless. A loud, unpleasant, or unwanted sound is called noise.
• Sources of Noise Pollution:
  • ​​Industrialization: Most of the industries use big machines which are capable of producing noise.
  • Poor Urban Planning: In most developing countries, poor urban planning also plays a vital role.
  • Social Events: Noise is at its peak in most social events.
  • Transportation: A large number of vehicles on roads, airplanes, trains produce heavy noise.
  • Construction Activities: Construction activities like mining, construction of bridges, dams, buildings, stations, roads, flyovers take place in almost every part of the world.
  • Fireworks: Firework is a common thing during various fairs, festivals, and cultural ceremonies

Additional Information

Effects of noise pollution: 

• Auditory effects:
  • ​Deafness or impaired hearing: Prolonged exposures to noise lead to gradual deterioration of the internal ear and subsequently hearing loss or deafness.
  • Auditory fatigue: It is defined as a temporary loss of hearing after exposure to sound.
• Nonauditory effects:
  • Irritation and annoyance: Noise, sometimes, leads to emotional disturbances and makes people lose their temper.
  • Work efficiency: It has been observed that noise reduces the efficiency of work.
  • Physiological effects: It includes dilation of the pupils, paling of skin, tensing of voluntary muscles, diminishing of gastric secretions, increase in diastolic blood pressure.

The correct answer is Sahibi.

Key Points

• River Sahibi originates from Sewar hills.

Additional Information

• Sota-Sabi or Sahibi River
  • There are two branches, the Sahibi branch rises from Sewar hills and the Sota branch rises from the hills of Bairath.
  • The two branches meet at Jalalpur.
  • The river flows in the northern direction through Kotputli tehsil, Bansur, Behror Kishangarh, Mundawar (Rajasthan) Rewari (Haryana) and empties into Najafgarh drain.
  • Sabi basin is bounded in the northwest by Shekhawati River Basin and Ruparail and Banganga
  • River basins in the southeast. The northern boundary is shared administratively with Haryana State.
  • The Basin extends over parts of the Alwar, Jaipur and Sikar districts.
  • The total catchment area of the Sahibi basin is 4607.9 km2.
  • It flows in Rajasthan for a distance of about 157 km before entering Haryana State

The amount of energy put out by the Sun is a constant. The incoming solar radiation is known as insolation. The amount of solar energy reaching the Earth is 70 percent. The surface of the Earth absorbs 51 percent of the insolation.

An inferior good is a type of good for which demand declines as the level of income increases.

As per Alferd marshall MU of money is constant.

The Indian Institute of Technology (IIT Kanpur) Kanpur signed an MoU with Conlis Global for licensing an innovative bone healing technology based on Nano Hydroxyapatite-based Porous Composite Scaffolds. This collaboration aims to promote bone healing and regeneration in orthopaedic and dental applications, among others.

The United Nations Environment Programme’s (UNEP) Production Gap report has been released in anticipation of the COP28 climate conference.
It warns that global fossil fuel production over the next seven years is projected to exceed more than double the levels required to stay within the climate goals outlined in the 2015 Paris climate agreement, including the crucial target of limiting global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius.

Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) released its flagship report, the State of Food and Agriculture (SOFA). Although current agrifood systems provide nourishment and sustain economies, they also impose huge hidden costs on health and the environment – the equivalent of at least $10 trillion annually.
The figure represents nearly 10 per cent of global Gross Domestic Product (GDP), according to the 2023 edition of the report which covers 154 countries.

Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek was a Dutch scientist who is credited with being the first person to observe and describe microorganisms using a microscope. He made his microscopes, which were far more powerful than any that had been made before. Van Leeuwenhoek's discoveries revolutionized our understanding of the microscopic world and laid the foundation for the field of microbiology.

World Down Syndrome Day is observed annually on March 21st, chosen to symbolize the 21st chromosome that causes Down Syndrome. This day raises awareness about the condition and supports individuals with Down Syndrome through various treatments and educational initiatives.

The Goa state government will set up a blended finance facility in partnership with the World Bank. This is the first of its kind, climate-focused, multi-sectoral initiative at the sub-national level. This will provide financial support to low-carbon climate friendly initiatives in Goa. The World Bank was established in the year 1944. Its headquarters is in Washington, D.C. Is in.

The DNA in the nucleus of a cell is the information source for making proteins. If the information is changed, different proteins will be made.

With depth, g₁ = g {1− (d)/R}

As depth d goes on increasing, g1 goes on decreasing, it remains maximum at the surface of Earth. The above equation is in the form of a straight line.

With height, g₂ = g (1 − 2h/R) = g − 2gh/R

g₂ ∝ 1/R (Hyperbola)

Acceleration due to gravity goes on decreasing as the h above Earth surface increases.

Hence, Option A is correct.

In 36 hours, there would be a gap of 8 minutes. The two watches would show the same time when
the gap would be exactly 12 hours or 720 minutes.
The no. of 36 hour time frames required to create this gap = 720/8 = 90.
Total time = 90 × 36 = 3240 hours. Since this is divisible by 24, the watches would show 12
noon.

• Along with Buddha's images, other Buddhist images of Bodhisattvas like Avalokiteshvara, Padmapani, Vajrapani, Amitabha, and Maitreya Buddha started getting sculpted.

• However, with Vajrayana Buddhism's rise, many Bodhisattva images were added as a part of the personified representations of certain virtues or qualities, as propagated by the Buddhist religious principles for the masses' welfare.

• Statement 1 is correct: The Gupta era saw a more developed judicial system, with civil and criminal laws clearly demarcated, indicating advancements in legal frameworks.
• Statement 2 is incorrect: Guilds of artisans and merchants were actually governed by their own laws rather than state laws, allowing them autonomy in managing internal affairs and maintaining discipline.
• Statement 3 is correct: The involvement of Brahmanas in the judicial process alongside kings underscores the influence of the varna system on governance and legal proceedings.

• Statement 1 is correct: During the Gupta period, Brahmanism indeed became more prominent, with a significant emphasis on the worship of gods such as Shiva and Vishnu. This shift is reflected in the religious practices and literary compositions of the time, indicating the period's religious orientation.
• Statement 2 is incorrect: Contrary to the considerable patronage Brahmanism received, Buddhism did not enjoy the same level of royal support during the Gupta era. While the Gupta kings practiced religious tolerance and did not persecute Buddhists or Jains, the focus and patronage shifted more towards Brahmanism, affecting the religious landscape.
• Statement 3 is correct: The Gupta period was marked by the composition of several key religious texts, including the Vishnupurana and the Bhagavad Gita (though the Gita itself is part of the Mahabharata, which reached its final form during this era). These texts played a crucial role in shaping Hindu philosophy and religious practices, reflecting the era's intellectual and spiritual achievements.

Answer: B. Yerragudi Minor Rock Edict

The Ashokan Rock Edict found written partly in the Boustrophedon style is the Yerragudi Minor Rock Edict. The reasons for this are:

• Boustrophedon style refers to a writing style where alternate lines of text are reversed, with the direction of writing and reading alternating from left to right and then right to left. This style of writing was used in some ancient scripts, such as Greek and Etruscan.
• Yerragudi Minor Rock Edict, also known as the Gavimath inscription, is located in the Koppal district of Karnataka, India. It is one of the earliest inscriptions of Emperor Ashoka, dating back to the 3rd century BCE.
• The inscription is written in the Prakrit language using the Brahmi script, and it contains the early teachings of Buddhism, as well as the principles of Dhamma (righteousness).
• The Boustrophedon style can be observed in some parts of the Yerragudi Minor Rock Edict, making it the correct answer for this question.

1. The Mahajanapadas were large territorial states that formed before the rise of the Magadha Empire.
   This statement is incorrect. The Mahajanapadas were indeed large territorial states, but many of them were contemporaneous with the rise of the Magadha Empire rather than preceding it. Magadha was one of the most prominent Mahajanapadas.

2. The use of iron for weapons and agricultural tools was crucial for the development of the Mahajanapadas.
   This statement is correct. The introduction of iron technology played a significant role in the agricultural productivity and military capabilities of the Mahajanapadas, contributing to their expansion and development.

3. The Kingdom of Kashi was absorbed by Magadha during the expansion of the Magadha Empire.
   This statement is incorrect. According to historical sources, the Kingdom of Kashi was actually conquered by the Kingdom of Kosala, not Magadha.

Based on this analysis:

• Statement 1: Incorrect
• Statement 2: Correct
• Statement 3: Incorrect

Therefore,Right Answer- Option C

The Battle of Koppam was a battle fought between the Medieval Chola kings Rajadhiraja Chola and Rajendra Chola II with the Chalukya king Someshvara I in 1054, or in 1052 according to Sen. Though the Cholas were successful in the battle, the king and supreme commander, Rajadhiraja I lost his life in the battlefield and was succeeded to the throne by his younger brother, Rajendra Chola II.

Bhakti literally means "attachment, participation, fondness for, homage, faith, love, devotion, worship, purity". Bhakti has been well defined in Mahabharata, Puranas & The Shandilya Sutra.

• Second Anglo-Afghan War (1870-80): Lytton made an offer of a favourable treaty to Sher Ali, but the Amir wanted friendship with both his powerful neighbours. 

•  Sher Ali fled in face of the British invasion, and the Treaty of Gandamak (May 1879) was signed with Yakub Khan, the eldest son of Sher Ali. 

Because sodium hydroxide is a type of chemical and when we add it to water than this will be a chemical activity.

• The question states an accelerated motion of an object along a straight line, this implies a non zero force is acting on the object, which is increasing its velocity and speed.
• However the direction of force is not given so it can’t be determined that it is moving away from the earth, Hence the correct answer is C.