Test: Environmental Issues - UGC NET MCQ

Desertification is land degradation turning fertile areas into deserts, caused by factors like deforestation. Droughts are prolonged dry spells leading to water shortages. Both threaten ecosystems and livelihoods, requiring sustainable land management and water conservation to mitigate impacts.

The 'Odd-Even Formula' in Delhi was introduced as a measure to address the severe air pollution crisis faced by the city. Under this scheme, vehicles were allowed to ply on city roads based on whether their registration numbers were odd or even. This initiative aimed to reduce vehicular emissions and subsequently lower the pollution levels in the city. While the scheme showed mixed results, it did lead to significant reductions in PM 2.5 concentrations, contributing to a healthier environment and increased public awareness about the impacts of air pollution on human health.

The formation of soil is influenced by various factors, including parent materials, topography, climate, organisms, and time. These factors collectively contribute to the development and characteristics of different types of soils. Parent materials provide the initial composition, while climate influences weathering processes. Organisms contribute to soil fertility, and time allows for the evolution of soil horizons. Understanding these factors is crucial in comprehending soil formation and its properties.

Deforestation is a key factor that disturbs the soil ecosystem, leading to soil degradation. By removing trees and disrupting natural habitats, deforestation causes a loss of biodiversity, soil erosion, and disruption of crucial ecosystem functions. This process can result in the deterioration of soil quality, impacting its ability to support plant life and sustain essential ecological processes.