APSC JE CE Paper 1 Mock Test - 2 - Civil Engineering (CE) MCQ

Underemployment is a measure of employment and labor utilization in the economy that looks at how well the labor force is being utilized in terms of skills, experience and availability to work. Labor that falls under the underemployment classification includes those workers who are highly skilled but working in low paying or low skill jobs and part-time workers who would prefer to be full-time. This is different from unemployment in that the individual is working but is not working at his full capability.

Hence, "Printer" is the correct answer.

Important PointsInput Device: A piece of equipment/hardware that helps us enter data into a computer is called an input device. For example keyboard, mouse, etc. 

1. Keyboard:

• A simple device comprising keys and each key denotes either an alphabet, number, or number commands which can be given to a computer for various actions to be performed
• It has a modified version of typewriter keys
• The keyboard is an essential input device and computers and laptops both use keyboards to give commands to the computer

2. Joy Stick:

• It is a device that comprises a stick that is attached at an angle to the base so that it can be moved and controlled
• Mostly used to control the movement in video games
• Apart from a computer system, a joystick is also used in the cockpit of an aeroplane, wheelchairs, cranes, trucks, etc. to operate them well

3. Scanner:

• This device can scan images or text and convert it into a digital signal
• When we place any piece of a document on a scanner, it converts it into a digital signal and displays it on the computer screen

Output Device: A piece of equipment/hardware that gives out the result of the entered input, once it is processed (i.e. converts data from machine language to a human-understandable language), is called an output device. For example printers, monitors, etc. 

Printer:

• A device that makes a copy of the pictorial or textual content, usually over a paper is called a printer
• For example, an author types the entire book on his/her computer and later gets a printout of it, which is in the form of paper and is later published
• Multiple types of printers are also available in the market, which can serve different purposes

Meaning of corpulent: Fat

Similar Words: 

• obese
• overweight
• plump

Additional Information:

• Meaning of Lean: to move the top part of your body and head forwards, backward or to the side
• Meaning of Gaunt: very thin because of hunger, illness, etc.
• Meaning of Emaciated: extremely thin and weak because of illness, lack of food, etc.

Mohan Yadav has been officially announced as the chief minister-elect for Madhya Pradesh by the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP).

The International Day of Zero Waste is celebrated every year on March 30th, as established by a resolution passed by the United Nations General Assembly on December 14, 2022. This day is significant for raising awareness about reducing waste and promoting zero-waste initiatives to achieve sustainable development goals.

Given:

Efficiency of Amit = 2 × Efficiency of Ramit

Concept used:

Total work = Efficiency × Time period

Calculation:

The efficiency of Amit = 2

Efficiency of Ramit = 1

Total work = (2 + 1) × 28 = 3 × 28 = 84

Number of days Ramit takes to complete the whole work = 84/1 = 84

∴ The number of days in Ramit will complete the work is 84 days.

The passage is all about the movement of air.

When air becomes heated. it becomes lighter.

Secondary pollutants: Primary pollutants when reacting with each other or from basic components of air, forms a new pollutant called secondary pollutants.

Different types of secondary pollutants include:

1. Ozone (O3)

2. Sulfuric acid and nitric acid (components of acid rain)

3. Particulate matter

4. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)

5. Peroxyacyl nitrates (PAN)

6. Photochemical smog

Important Point:

Primary pollutants:  Pollutants that are emitted directly from either natural events or from human activities are called primary pollutants.

The natural events are dust storms; volcano etc and human activities can be emission from vehicles, industrial wastes.

About 90% of global air pollution is constituted by five primary pollutants. These are

1. Carbon oxides (CO and CO2)

2. Nitrogen oxides

3. Sulfur oxides

4. Hydrocarbons

5. Particulate matter

6. Volatile Organic Compound

7. Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM)

8. Radioactive compound

9. Halogen compound

Concept:

Pollution:  It's the addition of any substance (solid, liquid, or gas) or any form of energy (such as heat, sound, or radioactivity) to the environment.

Types of Pollution:

• Air Pollution
• Water Pollution
• Soil Pollution
• Light Pollution
• Noise Pollution
• Thermal Oluution
• Radioactive Pollution

Explanation: 

Soil Pollution: It refers to the contamination/degradation of soil due to the followings:

• Excessive use of chemicals
• Excessive use of fertilizers
• Excessive use of insecticides
• Industry waste
• Acid Rain
• The presence of heavy metals, like lead and mercury.
• Nuclear Waste
• Oil leaks during the storage or transport of chemicals.

Key PointsReasons for air pollution:  

• Burning of fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas
• Exhaust from automobiles and industries
• Indiscriminate cutting of trees (deforestation)
• Excessive discharge of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide
• Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) released from aerosols sprays, refrigerants, and air conditioners
• Heavy usage of vehicles

Reasons for water pollution: 

• Industrial and domestic sewage discharge
• Oil spills and natural gas leakage into water bodies 
• Acid rain
• Agricultural runoff containing pesticides, fertilizers
• Mining and drilling sometimes make underground water contaminated
• Floods and storms carry dust and debris to the water bodies

Pradip Kumar Das, Chairman and Managing Director, Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency Limited (IREDA) participated in the 26th edition of the World Energy Congress held in Rotterdam, Netherlands. He also said that India ranks fourth globally in renewable energy installed capacity.      

Obdurate means obstinate or stubborn, hence compliant is the antonym.

G. Sathiyan made history by winning the men's singles trophy at the WTT Feeder Beirut 2024 event, becoming the first Indian to achieve this feat in a World Table Tennis Feeder Series tournament. This victory showcased his exceptional skills and talent in table tennis on the international stage.

Emergence of New States

• Through the 18th century, the Mughal Empire gradually fragmented into a number of independent, regional states.
• It can be divided into three overlapping groups:

1. States that were old Mughal provinces like Awadh, Bengal, and Hyderabad. Although extremely powerful and quite independent, the rulers of these states did not break their formal ties with the Mughal emperor.
2. States that had enjoyed considerable independence under the Mughals as watan jagirs. These included several Rajput principalities.
3. States under the control of Marathas, Sikhs and others like the Jats. They all had seized their independence from the Mughals after a long-drawn armed struggle.

The State of Hyderabad was founded by Qamar-ud-din Siddiqi, who was appointed Viceroy of the Deccan, with the title of Nizam-ul- Mulk, by Emperor Farrukhsiyar in 1712. He established a virtually independent state but returned to Delhi during the reign of Emperor Mohammad Shah.

Hence, the correct option is 'B'.

• The Servants of India Society was formed in Pune, Maharashtra, in 1905 by Gopal Krishna Gokhale.

• The Society organised many campaigns to promote education, sanitation, health care and fight the social evils of untouchability and discrimination, alcoholism, poverty, oppression of women and domestic abuse.

• The publication of The Hitavada, the organ of the Society in English from Nagpur, commenced in 1911.

The correct answer is Hisar Airport.

• Hisar Airport is the first civil Airport of Haryana.
• Airports in Haryana are:
  • Ambala Air Force Station
  • Bhiwani Airport
  • Bhilwara Airport
  • Hisar Airport
  • Kalka Airport
  • Karnal Airport
  • Sirsa Air Force Station
• About Hisar:
  • It is the second-largest district of Haryana.
  • It is one of the 7 districts which was constituted with the establishment of Haryana.
  • It shares borders with Fatehabad, Jind, Rohtak and Bhiwani districts of Haryana.
  • It also shares a border with the state of Rajasthan.
  • It was established by Firozshah Tuglaq by the name "HISAR-I-FEROZA" in 1354 A.D.
  • According to the 2011 census,
    • The total population of Hisar is 1,743,931.
    • The Sex ratio of Hisar is 872.
    • The Literacy rate of Hisar is 72.89%.
    • The Population density of Hisar is 438.

Given:

Five years ago, father's age was 5 times that of his son

After 3 years father will be 3 times as old as his son

Calculation:

Let the present age of son be x years 

Present age of father be y years 

According to the question,

Five years ago, father's age was 5 times that of his son

(y - 5) = 5 (x - 5)

⇒ y - 5 = 5x - 25 

⇒ y - 5x + 20 = 0     ---- (i)

After 3 years father will be 3 times as old as his son

(y + 3) = 3(x + 3)

⇒ y + 3 = 3x + 9

⇒ y - 3x - 6 = 0      ---- (ii)

Solving equation (i) and (ii) we get,

x = 13

∴ Present age of son is 13 years

Let us first learn the meanings of the given words:

Crucially (adverb): with decisive or vital importance.

Significant (adjective): sufficiently great or important to be worthy of attention.

Petty (adjective): of little importance.

The sentence implies that a large portion of the hospital bills was out of insurance coverage, thus ‘petty’ is contradictory. The use of ‘crucially’ is grammatically inapt as we need an adjective to qualify noun ‘portion’. The use of ‘obvious’ is contextually weak. Only ‘significant’ fits the blank grammatically and contextually.

Hence, option C is correct.

The correct answer is Phytoremediation.

Key Points

• Phytoremediation is a bioremediation process that uses various types of plants to remove, transfer, stabilize, and/or destroy contaminants in the soil and groundwater.
• There are several different types of phytoremediation mechanisms:
  • Rhizosphere biodegradation - In this process, the plant releases natural substances through its roots, supplying nutrients to microorganisms in the soil.
  • Phyto-stabilization - In this process, chemical compounds produced by the plant immobilize contaminants, rather than degrade them.
  • Phyto-accumulation - In this process, plant roots sorb the contaminants along with other nutrients and water. 
  • Rhizofiltration - It is similar to Phyto-accumulation, but the plants used for cleanup are raised in greenhouses with their roots in water
  • Phyto-volatilization - In this process, plants take up water containing organic contaminants and release the contaminants into the air through their leaves.
  • Phyto-degradation - In this process, plants actually metabolize and destroy contaminants within plant tissues.
  • Hydraulic Control - In this process, trees indirectly remediate by controlling groundwater movement.

Additional Information

• Bioremediation is a process used to treat contaminated media, including water, soil, and subsurface material, by altering environmental conditions to stimulate the growth of microorganisms and degrade the target pollutants. 

The logic followed is:

Therefore, the number of students in the group are 20 + 30 + 70 = 120

The number of students = 120

Hence, the correct answer is "120".

The country is ruled by a hereditary king and the people have no role in electing or changing their rulers.

Tenacious means determined and comes from tenacity. The word is not related to tenuous. Vacillating (Indecisive) is an antonym.

The correct answer is wood.

Concept:

Segregation of Waste: Waste Can be segregated as

• Bio-Degradable Waste: 
  • Waste that can be decomposed by microorganisms. 
  • It includes organic waste, e.g. kitchen waste, vegetables, fruits, flowers, leaves, wood, and paper.​
• Non-Bio Degradable Waste:
  • ​Waste that cannot be decomposed by microorganisms.
  • It includes plastic, rubber, glass, electronic waste, etc. 

Explanation:

Non-Biodegradables can be disposed of by following the 3Rs: 

• Reduce: If the old objects (bags, water bottles, clothes) are in good condition, it's better to keep using them rather than buying new things. 
• Reuse: Jam or pickle jars or plastic bottles can be used again to store small objects like buttons. 
• Recycle: Paper, glass, some plastics, and metals can be recycled. 

Wood is biodegradable, it can be made into compost but cannot be recycled. 

The correct option is D.
Fair globalisation would create opportunities for all and also ensure that benefits of globalisation are shared better. (i) Government policies must protect the interests not only of the rich and powerful but of all the people in the country.

Protagonist means the leading character or one of the major characters in a play, film, novel, etc

Up to one’s eyes/eyeballs (Idiom): to have a very large amount of something to do or be very busy with something; to emphasize the extreme degree of some undesirable or unwanted thing.
Tune up (Idiom): to prepare for something.
Dig in (Idiom): to start eating, esp. eagerly.
Crunch up (Idiom): to break someone or something up into piece.
It is obvious that ‘up to our eyes’ makes perfect sense in the given blank.
Hence, the correct answer is option D. 

• The Swadhyay Parivar is a devotional movement based in Maharashtra, India. It claims to have over 50,000 Kendra locations and 60,00,000 followers in India, Portugal, USA, UK, Canada, and the Middle East who carry out various self-development activities, self-learning, devotional activities and social awareness activities around the world.

• Swadhyaya means the study of self for a spiritual quest.

• Pandurang Shastri Athavale (1920-2003) was the originator of this movement that promotes a particular interpretation and reading of the Vedic scriptures like Bhagavad Gita, Vedas and the Upanishads.

The Jammu & Kashmir government, under the leadership of LG Manoj Sinha, approved 10% reservation for Paharis and included 15 new castes in the Other Backward Classes (OBCs) category, signalling a move towards greater inclusivity in reservation policies.

A is the correct option. Muhammad Tughlaq
Only one instance is reported regarding the record of population. When Muhammad Tughlaq decided to give relief to the people of Delhi, he ordered the judicial functionaries to compile census registers of the various quarters of the capital city.