NVS Mess Helper Mock Test - 2 - NVS TGT/PGT MCQ

As 'Indolence' and 'Work' are opposite to each other in the same way 'Taciturn' and 'speak' are opposite to each other.

Logic: We have to make a family tree as per the above conditions.

Consider the below symbols.

The family tree for the given problem is as follows:

In the question, Her father is the only son of my father means woman's father and the man's father's only son is the same person means he is talking about himself. 

As the man is the father of that woman.

Therefore, the correct answer should be "Option 1: Father".  

Family Chart:

Given: Pointing to a man, an old man said, "He is my only daughter's only son's maternal uncle's brother".

So, the old man is the 'Father' of the man.
Hence, the correct answer is "Father".

Given:

X and Y are looking at each other at the time of sunrise.
The shadow of Y is falling on the right side of X.

 

'North ' direction is he walking in the end
Hence, The correct answer is "North ".

The correct order as per the English dictionary,
4) Logician
2) Loincloth
1) Lollipop
5) Lonely  
3) Longways
Hence, the correct answer is "4, 2, 1, 5, 3".

The correct answer is Ahmedabad.Key Points

• World's largest cricket stadium (Narendra Modi Stadium) is located in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
• The Motera Stadium (Sardar Patel Stadium), the world's largest cricket stadium, was inaugurated by President Ram Nath Kovind, and was renamed the ‘Narendra Modi Stadium’.
• The President also performed ‘Bhoomi Pujan’ (ground breaking ceremony) of the 'Sardar Vallabhbhai Sports Enclave'.
• 1.32 lakh spectators will be able to witness matches at this stadium.
• The stadium has 11 pitches, unrivaled by any stadium in the world.
• It hosted its first-ever pink-ball Test match on 24 February 2021 between India and England.

Additional Information

Concept:

• National integration is essential for any nation with socio-cultural, religious, linguistic, and geographical diversities.
• National Symbols like the National Flag, the National Anthem, and the National Emblem help to remind
  us that we all have one identity.
• The national calendar is also one of the national symbols.

Explanation:

National Saka:

• The Saka Era is believed to be founded by King Shalivanhana of the Shatavahana dynasty.
• The Saka calendar consists of 365 days and 12 months which is similar to the structure of the Gregorian Calendar.
• Our national calendar is based on the Saka calendar.
• The first month of the Saka calendar is Chaitra which corresponds to March 22 of the Gregorian calendar.
• The Saka calendar began in 78 CAD.
• This means for example if it's 2022 by the Gregorian calendar, in the Saka calendar the year will be 1944.

Thus, our national calendar is national saka.

Additional Information

Jana Gana Mana:

• It is the national anthem of India.
• It was composed by Rabindranath Tagore and was first sung at the 1911 convention of the Indian National Congress.
• The Jana Gana Mana was declared India’s National Anthem on 24th January 1950.

​Vande Matram:

• It is the national song of India.
• It was composed by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyaya.
• On 24 January 1950, the Constituent Assembly of India adopted “Vande Mataram” as a national song.

The logic follows here is :

• The pentagon is rotated clockwise 90 degrees and the figure is cut in the opposite sense as in figure R.

Similarly,

• The two parallel lines are rotated anti-clockwise 90 degrees without orientation and the dot is taken out of the figure and replaced with a circle.

Therefore, the figure with all those arrangements can be seen in ‘figure C.’

Hence, the correct answer is “Option (3).”

The correct answer is Edward Jenner.

Key Points

• Edward Jenner invented the vaccination for the first time.

• Edward Jenner pioneered Vaccination.
• He discovered Vaccine for Small pox in 1796.
• He was also called as Father of Immunology.
• Small Pox was finally eradicated in year 1977 all over the world.

Additional Information

• Edward Jenner (1749-1823) father of immunology, and he invented the vaccination for smallpox.
• Alexander Fleming (1881-1955) invented Penicillin.
• Robert Hooke was the first to visualize a micro-organism.​
• Louis Pasteur was a French chemist and microbiologist who was one of the most important founders of medical microbiology.
• He is remembered for his remarkable breakthroughs in the causes and preventions of disease.
• His discoveries reduced mortality from puerperal fever, and he created the first vaccines for rabies and anthrax.​​

Confusion Points

• Louis Pasteur ForMemRS was a French chemist and microbiologist renowned for his discoveries of the principles of vaccination for the first time microbial fermentation, and pasteurization.
• Edward Jenner, (born May 17, 1749, Berkeley, Gloucestershire, England—died January 26, 1823, Berkeley), English surgeon and discoverer of vaccination for smallpox.

Key Points

• INS Imphal, a Project 15B stealth-guided missile destroyer , was commissioned into the Indian Navy in the presence of Raksha Mantri Shri Rajnath Singh at an impressive ceremony held at the Naval Dockyard, Mumbai on December 26, 2023.
• The event marks the formal induction of the third of four indigenous ‘Visakhapatnam’ class destroyers, being designed by the Indian Navy’s Warship Design Bureau and constructed by Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Limited (MDL), Mumbai.
• The ship measures 163m in length, 17m in breadth with a displacement of 7,400 tonnes, and is amongst the most potent warships built in India. It is propelled by four powerful Gas Turbines, in a Combined Gas & Gas configuration, and is capable of speeds in excess of 30 knots.

The correct answer is 'Democratized information'. 

Key Points

• The passage states: "technology has democratized information, fostering global connectivity and accessibility."
• This means that information is more accessible to everyone, regardless of their location or status, thanks to digital technology.
• Based on the above given points, it is clear that  one of the benefits of the digital revolution as mentioned in the passage is 'democratized information'. 

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

• Lament has two meanings out of which one is 'to complain'.
• Meaning of Complaint: a statement that something is unsatisfactory or unacceptable
• Meaning of Comment: a verbal or written remark expressing an opinion or reaction
• Meaning of Condone: accept (behaviour that is considered morally wrong or offensive)
• Meaning of Console: comfort (someone) at a time of grief or disappointment

The correct answer is “Bulky”.

Key Points

• Voluminous: having a large volume or capacity.(बड़ी मात्रा होना)
  • Example- The voluminous clouds promised heavy rainfall.
• Bulky: something/someone of large size and occupying much space.(बड़े आकार का)
  • Example- The bulky furniture made the room look cramped.
• Hence, the option that is similar in meaning to the given word is 'Bulky'.

Therefore, the correct answer is “option 2”.

Additional Information

• Spacious: having ample room or space.(पर्याप्त जगह या स्थान होना)
• Compact: closely packed or compressed.(बारीकी से पैक या संपीड़ित)
• Lightweight: not heavy; easy to lift or carry.(भारी नहीं)

The correct answer is option 1.
Key Points

• The first blank requires a pronoun that refers to the bridge, and the appropriate pronoun to use in this case is "that."
• "That" is a relative pronoun used to introduce a defining clause that provides additional information about the noun it refers to.
  • Example: "I saw a movie last night. That movie was really good."
• The second blank requires a pronoun that refers to the bridge again, but this time as a subject pronoun. The appropriate pronoun to use in this case is "It."
• "It" is a subject pronoun used to represent a previously mentioned noun or noun phrase.
  • Example: I received a package in the mail. It was a gift from my friend.
• Hence, the correct pronouns to fill in the blanks are "that" and "It."
• Therefore, option 1 is correct.:

Complete sentence: "This is the bridge that Peter built in 3 years. It is a sturdy one."

Vitamin D is chemically known as Calciferol.

Important Points

Vitamin D: 

• Is a fat-soluble vitamin.
• Vitamin D isolated in crystalline form is known as calciferol.
• There are at least 10 sterols which are provitamins D, out which two major sterols are converted into vitamin D by the action of ultraviolet light are the plant sterol, ergosterol, which give ergocalciferol (vitamin D 2) and 7-dehydrocholesterol from animal tissues, which gives cholecalciferol (Vitamin D 3).

Key Points

• Like other fat-soluble vitamins, vitamin D can be stored in the body.
• Vitamin D produces a vital hormone called 1, 25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (Vitamin D3 Hormone).
• This hormone is formed by the liver and kidney and is essential for the overall effects of dietary Vitamin D.
• It promotes growth and proper mineralization of the bones and teeth.
• Vitamin D increases the intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphate, maintains proper levels of calcium and phosphorous in the serum, and increases the reabsorption of calcium by the kidney.

Additional Information Vitamin A

• Is a fat-soluble vitamin and is found in the  highest concentration in the liver .
• Vitamin A is an alcohol and it has been named  retinol  because of its specific function in the retina of the eye.

Vitamin E

• The most widely available vitamin
• good sources of vitamin E are wheat germ oil, egg yolk, cereals, milk-fat, butter, etc.
• Vitamin E activity in food derives from four tocopherols (α-, β-, γ-, and δ-) and four tocotrienols.
• α - tocopherol is biologically the most active form of vitamin E.

Vitamin B12

• It is the most complex of the vitamins.
• Vitamin B 12 is known as cobalamine since it is found as a coordination complex with cobalt.
• Good sources of vitamin B 12 are milk, muscle meat, eggs, seafood, etc.
• Vitamin B 12 is water-soluble and heat-stable, approx. 70% of the vitamin activity is retained during cooking.
• When it is attached to the cyanide group, the compound is called cyanocobalamine.

Concept-

• Development can be defined as a broad term that includes a series of qualitative and progressive changes.
• The development of human beings is divided into different stages such as infancy, childhood, adolescence, and adulthood.
• Childhood refers to the period of the human lifespan, from birth to puberty. It consists of several developmental stages. This occurs from the age of two to the age of 10 or 12. It consists of two stages i.e. early and late childhood.

Important Points
Later Childhood:

• Later childhood is the period from 7 to 12 years of age.
• In this stage usually, the symptoms of puberty start appearing. It is also known as primary school-age, torrid age, group age, play age, etc.

Qualities of late childhood:

• Increase in logical reasoning.
• High interest in science fiction.
• Use of similes in explanation.
• Development of problem-solving skills.
• The powers of perception and observation become intense.

Early childhood:

• 'Early childhood' is between the ages of 2 and 7.
• It is also known as the age of toys, pre-gang age, age of curiosity, exploratory age, etc.
• This is a very important period for the overall development of the child.

Characteristics of Early Childhood:

• Develops language acquisition skills.
• Addresses problems with the concept of conservation.
• Struggles with the idea of centralization and reversibility.
• Begin to use words and pictures to represent objects.

What happens when Non-compliance with CGMP occurs?

• Any product manufactured in the facility is considered "adulterated".
• But, this does not necessarily mean anything is wrong with the product.
• FDA issues Form 483, to which the manufacturer has to respond with a detailed explanation and corrective action for the non-compliance. 

What is CGMP?

• Current Good Manufacturing Practices are the regulations provided by the FDA.
• Provided guidelines for design and maintenance of manufacturing facilities and Processes.
• Objective: To ensure identity, strength, quality, and purity of the food products and pharmaceutical products.

The correct answer is High Blood Pressure.

• Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) , also known as chronic diseases, tend to be of long duration and are the result of a combination of genetic, physiological, environmental and behavioral factors.
• The main types of NCD are cardiovascular diseases (such as heart attacks and stroke), cancers, chronic respiratory diseases (such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma) and diabetes.
• Unhealthy diets and a lack of physical activity may show up in people as raised blood pressure, increased blood glucose, elevated blood lipids and obesity. These are called metabolic risk factors that can lead to cardiovascular disease, the leading NCD in terms of premature deaths.

Key Points

High blood pressure

• High blood pressure, often referred to as a condition of high blood pressure, is a medical condition with increased blood pressure levels in the arteries.
• If it persists for a long time, it can lead to many other life-threatening diseases including heart disease and even stroke.
• Blood pressure is the force of your blood pushing against the walls of your arteries. Every time your heart beats, it pumps blood into the arteries. Your blood pressure is highest when your heart beats, pumping blood. This is called systolic pressure.
• It is easy to diagnose a person's blood pressure using a medical device called a sphygmomanometer .

Additional Information

Pneumonia

• Pneumonia is a serious infection of the lungs caused by various bacteria, viruses and fungi.
• It can be mild and sometimes even prove fatal.
• It affects people with weakened immune systems, older people above 65 years of age, infants and young children.
• Pneumonia can be bacterial, viral or mycoplasmic.

Influenza

• Influenza is an acute viral infection of the upper or lower respiratory tract that is marked by fever, chills, and a generalized feeling of weakness and pain in the muscles, together with varying degrees of soreness in the head and abdomen.
• Influenza viruses are categorized as types A, B, C, and D. 

Typhoid

• Typhoid is an infectious bacterial disease that mainly spreads through contaminated food or water.
• It can also spread due to poor hygienic conditions.
• The major symptoms of this disease are characterized by high fever, loss of appetite and diarrhoea.

Inoculation: Itis a method of artificially inducing immunity against various infectious diseases. The terms inoculation, vaccination, and immunization are often used synonymously.

• It is to introduce immunologically active material (such as an antibody or antigen), especially in order to treat or prevent disease.
• It is to introduce (something, such as a microorganism) into a suitable situation for growth.
• It is a process to give a weak form of a disease to a person or animal, usually by injection, as a protection against that disease:
• The phenomena of producing immunity and vaccination technique consisting of introducing infectious agents into an absorptive surface of skin, in contrast to introducing the substance in tissues through injecting is inoculation.
• It is the process of introducing microbes into a culture media.
• It reproduces into a culture media.
• Commonly, it is used in the introduction of vaccines, serum or any antigenic substance in the body so as to boost immunity against a particular disease. 
• This process of Inoculation is carried out in different media such as – plate culture, slant culture, agar plates, stab culture, sweep plate method and so on. 

Notice other keywords:

• Modelling: It means to copy or imitate someone, generally students imitate those friend who smoke in order to look "cool".
• Peer pressure: Then there are students who come under peer pressure, and begin to smoke.

Hence, we conclude that inoculation is not responsible for smoking.

Triglycerides is the most common type of fat in food and in body fat stores.

Important Points

Triglycerides

• The most common type of fat is found in the body.
• They store excess energy from the diet.
• A high triglyceride level combined with high LDL (bad) cholesterol or low HDL (good) cholesterol is linked with fatty buildups within the artery walls, which increases the risk of heart attack and stroke.

Additional Information

Monoglycerides

• Fatty acid monoesters of glycerol and exist in two isomeric forms
• Concentrations are very low in cell extracts, but acts as intermediates in the degradation of triacylglycerols or diacylglycerols, and thus can be produced through a chemical process.
• Monoglycerides are widely used as anti-staling agents and account for approximately one-third of the emulsifiers used in the baking industry.

Glycerol

• Glycerol is used as a solvent for flavors and food colors.
• It is also used as a humectant, plasticizer, emollient, sweetener, and filler in low-fat food products such as cookies.
• It forms a major fraction of the fats and oils from all plants and animals. However, it is not in free form but rather presents as clusters in fatty acid esters.

Concept:

• Diseases can be caused due to various underlying reasons. 
• Proper food and diet are necessary for fast recovery from any diseases.
• A doctor advises different types of food during different diseases.

Explanation:

Anaemia:

• Anaemia means having less ‘haemoglobin’ or iron in the blood.
• Haemoglobin is an iron-rich protein that is present in the blood and is responsible for transporting oxygen from the lungs to the tissue.
• Due to lack of iron, there is a decrease in the level of haemoglobin because of which, oxygen cannot be properly circulated throughout the body.
• Anaemia disease is a result of deficiency of Iron.
• Medicines are taken for strength.
• People should eat jaggery, amla and green leafy vegetables because these have iron.
• The desired limit for haemoglobin in a healthy individual should be 
  • For men: 13.5 to 17.5 gm/dl 
  • For women: 12.0 to 15.5 gm/dl 

Thus, the main cause of Anemia in human beings is the deficiency of iron.

Additional Information 

Deficiency of protein:

• Deficiency diseases: Kwashiorkor
• Sources: beans, dal, meat, soybean

Deficiency of calcium:

• Deficiency diseases: Osteoporosis
• Sources: Amla, milk, green vegetables and dairy products

Deficiency of vitamin A:

• Deficiency diseases: Night-blindness, Hyperkeratosis, and Keratomalacia
• Sources: Orange, ripe yellow fruits, leafy vegetables, carrots, pumpkin, squash, spinach, liver

The correct answer is Low protein intake.

Key Points

• Incidence: A pattern of consuming less than 0.4 to 0.6g of protein per kg of body weight per day is considered low protein intake.
• This may occur due to poor diet, certain disorders, or by choice in certain dietary lifestyles.
• Basic Role of Protein: Protein is one of the fundamental macronutrients essential for a host of biological functions such as building and repair of body tissues, production of enzymes and hormones, and forming antibodies.
• Protein Intake Recommendations: The Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) for protein is a minimum of 0.8g per kg of body weight per day for adults.
• However, the needs can vary depending on a person's age, sex, level of physical activity, and overall health condition.
• Effects of Low Protein Intake: Low protein intake over time may lead to symptoms like edema, thin and brittle hair, lethargy, skin problems, loss of muscle mass, increased risk of bone fractures, and in severe cases, kwashiorkor, a severe form of malnutrition.
• At-Risk Populations: Those at risk of low protein intake include the elderly, those with eating disorders, vegans and vegetarians not adequately balancing their diets, people living in poverty, and people with specific dietary restrictions due to other health conditions.
• Supplementation and Dietary Adjustments: In case of low protein intake, diet modifications are usually suggested as the first line of treatment.
• This could include increasing consumption of high-protein foods and/or using protein supplements.
• High-Protein Foods: Foods rich in protein include fish, lean meats, eggs, dairy products, legumes, nuts and seeds.
• There are also good sources of protein in some grains and vegetables.
• Monitoring Protein Intake: Regularly monitoring protein intake can prevent low protein intake scenarios.
• Food journals, nutritional labels, and in some cases consultation with a dietitian or nutritionist, can all be useful tools.
• Potential Consequences on Long-term Health: Chronic low protein intake can impact overall health in the long term, causing growth issues in children, challenges in healing and recovering from wounds or illnesses, decreased immunity, and general weakness or fatigue.
• Importance of Balanced Diet: Beyond just protein, a balanced diet providing adequate portions of all macronutrients (protein, carbohydrates, fats) and micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) is crucial for overall health and well-being.

The correct answer is Blood transfusion

Key Points

• Non-communicable diseases are chronic health conditions that are not contagious and, tend to be of long duration and are the result of a combination of genetic, physiological, environmental and behavioural factors
• Blood transfusions are used for patients who have experienced serious injuries from car crashes or natural disasters.

Additional Information

• A balanced diet is a diet that contains differing kinds of foods in certain quantities and amount.
• A healthy diet includes the following: Fruit, vegetables, legumes (e.g. lentils and beans), nuts, and whole grains (e.g. unprocessed maize, millet, oats, wheat, and brown rice.

• Adequate Sleep, is the amount of sleep is an important indicator of health and well-being in children and adolescents. 

The correct answer is "Through popular awareness".

Key Points

•  Let's consider the following statements from the passage.
  • There is a need to improve production and storage practices, transport infrastructure, cold chain systems and processing techniques. Modern technologies and better packaging methods are needed. But even in countries where these facilities are available, wastage is high. So, the most important requirement is to improve popular awareness of the need to ensure that food is not wasted in any form, at any stage.
• From the above statement it is clear that we can prevent food wastage through popular awareness effectively.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 1.

The correct answer is "The Global Hunger Index"

Key Points

•  Let's consider the following statements from the passage.
  •  It is estimated that food worth at least Rs. 1 lakh crore is wasted in India, and this does not include wastage of cooked food. A part of that should be enough to feed the large numbers of hungry people in the country, which is ranked 94 out of 107 countries in the Global Hunger Index.
• From the above statement it is clear that by preventing food wastage in India will improve its position in Global Hunger Index. In which the rank of India is 94 our of 107 countries.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

The correct answer is - Plant-based diet.
Key Points

• The given passage is about Vegans and how a vegan diet is different from vegetarian and non-vegetarian.
• Let us refer to the passage - Vegans try to live, as much as possible, in a way that avoids exploiting and being cruel to animals. This means following a plant-based diet. ​

From the above line, we can say that: Vegan takes a plant-based diet.

The correct answer is - ​Pythagoras.
Key Points

•  The given passage is about Vegans and how a vegan diet is different from vegetarian and non-vegetarian.
•   Let us refer to the passage - The sixth-century BC Greek mathematician and philosopher Pythagoras was in favour of kindness to all species For many people.

From the above line, we can say that: Pythagoras was the Mathematician and philosopher who was in favour of kindness to all species.          

• Jam is prepared by boiling the fruit pulp with a sufficient quantity of sugar to a reasonably thick consistency, firm enough to hold fruit tissues in position.
• Jelly is a semi-solid product prepared by boiling a clear, strained solution of pectin containing fruit extract with a sufficient quantity of sugar and a measured quantity of acid.
• Marmalade is a fruit jelly in which slices of the citrus fruit or its peels are suspended.

Key-Points

Food Preservation:

• Preparation of jam, jelly and marmalade is based on concentrating fruits to nearly 70 per cent solids.
• This is done by the addition of sugar and heat treatment.
• The high osmotic pressure of sugar creates unfavourable conditions for the growth and reproduction of most species of microorganisms.
• Species responsible for the spoilage of food are yeasts, moulds and bacteria.
• At this concentration of solids, the water activity is reduced which ultimately decreases the chances for microbial spoilage.

Thus, jam, jelly and marmalade are based on concentrating fruits to nearly 70 % solids.

Development is a complex process that encompasses physical, cognitive, and social changes. Cognitive development refers to the changes in thinking, learning, and problem-solving abilities that occur throughout childhood and adolescence.

Key Points

Reasoning, thinking, and problem-solving are all aspects of cognitive development.

• Cognitive development refers to the changes in thinking, learning, and problem-solving abilities that occur throughout childhood and adolescence.
• These changes are influenced by a variety of factors, including genetics, environment, and experience.

Therefore, Reasoning, thinking, and problem-solving are all explained in the aspect of development known as cognitive development.