NVS Mess Helper Mock Test - 2 - NVS TGT/PGT MCQ

As 'Indolence' and 'Work' are opposite to each other in the same way 'Taciturn' and 'speak' are opposite to each other.

Logic: We have to make a family tree as per the above conditions.

Consider the below symbols.

The family tree for the given problem is as follows:

In the question, Her father is the only son of my father means woman's father and the man's father's only son is the same person means he is talking about himself. 

As the man is the father of that woman.

Therefore, the correct answer should be "Option 1: Father".  

According to the given information:
The following diagram can be deduced,

As per the diagram Chanu's shadow will be on her left therefore she is facing north.
Hence, the correct answer is "North".

The correct answer is South Africa.Key Points

• Mahatma Gandhi returned to India in the year 1915, from South Africa.

Mahatma Gandhi:

• He was Born on 2 October 1869.
• He died on 30 January 1948.
• He was undoubtedly a great man, both in personal force and in political effect.
• He was an Indian Lawyer, politician, social activist, and writer who molded the character of the struggle for freedom in India, and impressed his own ideals upon the new governing class that came into power when the English went home.
• Mahatma Gandhi returned to India from South Africa on 9 January 1915 at the request of Gopal Krishna Gokhale.
• After arriving in India, Mahatma Gandhi successfully organized Satyagraha Movements in various places.
• Gandhiji's return from South Africa can be seen as perfect timing for the future development of the Indian national movement.
• Gokhale helped Gandhiji at the time of hardships in raising funds when Gandhiji was in South Africa.
• Gokhale insisted to Gandhiji that he had been far away from his nation.
• He wanted Gandhiji to come to India and know the situation in India under British Rule.

The logic follows here is :

• The pentagon is rotated clockwise 90 degrees and the figure is cut in the opposite sense as in figure R.

Similarly,

• The two parallel lines are rotated anti-clockwise 90 degrees without orientation and the dot is taken out of the figure and replaced with a circle.

Therefore, the figure with all those arrangements can be seen in ‘figure C.’

Hence, the correct answer is “Option (3).”

The correct answer is Edward Jenner.

Key Points

• Edward Jenner invented the vaccination for the first time.

• Edward Jenner pioneered Vaccination.
• He discovered Vaccine for Small pox in 1796.
• He was also called as Father of Immunology.
• Small Pox was finally eradicated in year 1977 all over the world.

Additional Information

• Edward Jenner (1749-1823) father of immunology, and he invented the vaccination for smallpox.
• Alexander Fleming (1881-1955) invented Penicillin.
• Robert Hooke was the first to visualize a micro-organism.​
• Louis Pasteur was a French chemist and microbiologist who was one of the most important founders of medical microbiology.
• He is remembered for his remarkable breakthroughs in the causes and preventions of disease.
• His discoveries reduced mortality from puerperal fever, and he created the first vaccines for rabies and anthrax.​​

Confusion Points

• Louis Pasteur ForMemRS was a French chemist and microbiologist renowned for his discoveries of the principles of vaccination for the first time microbial fermentation, and pasteurization.
• Edward Jenner, (born May 17, 1749, Berkeley, Gloucestershire, England—died January 26, 1823, Berkeley), English surgeon and discoverer of vaccination for smallpox.

The correct answer is Ganga River.Key Points

• Ganga is the major river system in India.
• It starts from the Gangotri in the Himalayas and drains into the Bay of Bengal.
• The major tributaries of the Ganga are:
  • Right bank tributaries: Yamuna, Chambal, Banas, Ken, Betwa, Son, Rihand, Koel
  • Left bank tributaries : Bhagirathi, Alakananda, Ramganga,Ghahgra, Gomti, Gandak, Rapti, Kosi

​Yamuna River System

• ​The Yamuna River is the largest tributary of the Ganga River.
• It originates from the Yamunotri glacier, at the Bandarpoonch peak in Uttarakhand.
• The main tributaries joining the river include the Sin, Hindon, Betwa Ken, and Chambal.
• The Tons is the largest tributary of the Yamuna.

Key Points

• Tropic of Cancer is the imaginary line at 23.50 degrees north of the Equator.
• In India Tropic of Cancer passes through 8 States: Rajasthan, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, West Bengal,Tripura, and Mizoram.

Additional Information

Key Points

• The Hispar Glacier is located in the Karakoram mountain range within Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan.
• Spanning approximately 49 kilometers (30 miles) in length, it's among the major glaciers in the region.
• Positioned at the remote northern end of the Hispar Muztagh, a subrange of the Karakoram, the glacier flows north to the Hispar Pass, which accesses the snow lakes and the extensive glacial system connecting with the Biafo Glacier.

Additional Information

• The Hispar Glacier, together with the Biafo Glacier to which it connects at the Hispar La (Pass), forms one of the world’s largest glacial systems outside the polar regions.
• The combined glacier system stretches over a length of more than 100 kilometers (62 miles), creating a unique natural feature often referred to as the "Highway of Ice".
• his colossal ice corridor links two ancient mountain kingdoms: Nagar (to the south of Hunza) to Baltistan, offering one of the most outstanding and challenging trekking routes available.
• Hispar Glacier's highest point is at Hispar La, which reaches an altitude of 5,128 meters (16,824 feet), offering not only a path between the glacier systems but also panoramic views of the surrounding peaks and valleys.
• The terrain is marked by its rugged beauty, with icefalls and crevasses posing challenges to navigators and adventure-seekers alike.

सही उत्तर है - ‘अनावृष्टि’।

• अतिवृष्टि का विलोम अनावृष्टि होगा।
• अतिवृष्टि का अर्थ : बहुत अधिक मात्रा में बारिश होना।
• अनावृष्टि का अर्थ : वर्षा का अभाव।

Key Pointsअन्य विकल्प:

• वृष्टि का विलोम अनावृष्टि होगा।
• मित का अर्थ - नपा तुला, सीमित।
• वृष्टि का अर्थ - पानी बरसना, वर्षा का जल।
• न्यून का अर्थ - कम, थोड़ा।
• न्यून का विलोम - अधिक

Additional Information विलोम शब्द के उदाहरण:-

• विषाद – हर्ष
• जय – पराजय
• दुर्गति – सद्गति
• अल्पायु – दीर्घायु

सही उत्तर 'अपमान' है।
Key Points

• 'अपमान ' शब्द के अनेकार्थी शब्द - अनादर, उपेक्षा, निरादर।
• 'अपमान' के अन्य अनेकार्थी शब्द - बेइज्जती, अवज्ञा, तिरस्कार, अवमाना।

​ अन्य विकल्प -

1. अभय- निडर, साहसी, निर्भीक, निर्भय, निश्चिन्त।

2. अभियोग- दोषारोपण, कसूर, अपराध, गलती, आक्षेप, आरोप, दोषारोपण, इल्ज़ामा।

3. अनुपम- सुन्दर, अतुल, अपूर्व, अद्वितीय, अनोखा, अप्रतिम, अद्भुत, अनूठा, विलक्षण, विचित्र।

Additional Information

उपर्युक्‍त गद्यांश के अनुसार, पूर्णताः सही कथन है- संतों, देवताओं तथा राम की वंदना पर्याप्त नहीं इसलिए दुष्‍टों की भी वंदना की जाती है। इससे दुष्टों के महत्व की भायिक सृष्टि होती है और वह उन्हें और भी उपहास्‍य बना देती है।

Key Points

• इस पाठ में, लेखक कहते हैं कि संतों, देवताओं, और राम की वंदना तो हम सभी करते हैं, लेकिन उन्होंने एक अनूठे दृष्टिकोण को उजागर करते हुए कहा है कि दुष्टों की वंदना भी महत्वपूर्ण हो सकती है।
• उनका मत यह है कि दुष्टों की वंदना करने से उनके महत्व की एक विशेष रूप से बहुमुखी दृष्टि होती है, जो उन्हें और अधिक उपहास्‍य बना सकती है।

The correct answer is 'Involvement'.

Key Points

•  "Immersion" in the given passage refers to being deeply involved or fully engaged in something.
  •  Ex - John's immersion in his work allowed him to produce exceptional results." 
• "Involvement," means actively participating or being engaged in a particular activity or situation. 
  • Ex -  School officials say they welcome parental involvement.
• So, it is clear that 'immersion' and 'involvement' are similar in meaning. 

Thus, the correct answer is Option 3. 

Additional Information

• Separation :the act of dividing or disconnecting ; coming apart.
• Isolation: The state of being alone or separated from others. It represents the opposite of involvement or engagement.
• Detachment: The act of disconnecting or separating oneself from something. It signifies a lack of involvement or disengagement.

• Lament has two meanings out of which one is 'to complain'.
• Meaning of Complaint: a statement that something is unsatisfactory or unacceptable
• Meaning of Comment: a verbal or written remark expressing an opinion or reaction
• Meaning of Condone: accept (behaviour that is considered morally wrong or offensive)
• Meaning of Console: comfort (someone) at a time of grief or disappointment

The correct answer is “Cryptic”.

Key Points

• 'Obscure' refers to something not discovered or known about; uncertain. (अस्पष्ट)
  • Example- The meaning behind the poet's obscure verses was debated by scholars.
• 'Cryptic' signifies something having a meaning that is mysterious or obscure. It fits the context of being hard to understand due to its complexity or ambiguity. (रहस्यपूर्ण)
  • Example- The cryptic message left us puzzled for days.
• Hence, the option that is Similar in meaning to the given word is 'Cryptic’.

Therefore, the correct answer is ‘Option 3’.

Additional Information

• Clear indicates something easy to perceive, understand, or interpret. (स्पष्ट)
• Well-known describes something recognized by many people. (प्रसिद्ध)
• Obvious is used for something easily perceived or understood; clear, self-evident, or apparent. (स्पष्ट)

The correct answer is “Bulky”.

Key Points

• Voluminous: having a large volume or capacity.(बड़ी मात्रा होना)
  • Example- The voluminous clouds promised heavy rainfall.
• Bulky: something/someone of large size and occupying much space.(बड़े आकार का)
  • Example- The bulky furniture made the room look cramped.
• Hence, the option that is similar in meaning to the given word is 'Bulky'.

Therefore, the correct answer is “option 2”.

Additional Information

• Spacious: having ample room or space.(पर्याप्त जगह या स्थान होना)
• Compact: closely packed or compressed.(बारीकी से पैक या संपीड़ित)
• Lightweight: not heavy; easy to lift or carry.(भारी नहीं)

Concept-

• Development can be defined as a broad term that includes a series of qualitative and progressive changes.
• The development of human beings is divided into different stages such as infancy, childhood, adolescence, and adulthood.
• Childhood refers to the period of the human lifespan, from birth to puberty. It consists of several developmental stages. This occurs from the age of two to the age of 10 or 12. It consists of two stages i.e. early and late childhood.

Important Points
Later Childhood:

• Later childhood is the period from 7 to 12 years of age.
• In this stage usually, the symptoms of puberty start appearing. It is also known as primary school-age, torrid age, group age, play age, etc.

Qualities of late childhood:

• Increase in logical reasoning.
• High interest in science fiction.
• Use of similes in explanation.
• Development of problem-solving skills.
• The powers of perception and observation become intense.

Early childhood:

• 'Early childhood' is between the ages of 2 and 7.
• It is also known as the age of toys, pre-gang age, age of curiosity, exploratory age, etc.
• This is a very important period for the overall development of the child.

Characteristics of Early Childhood:

• Develops language acquisition skills.
• Addresses problems with the concept of conservation.
• Struggles with the idea of centralization and reversibility.
• Begin to use words and pictures to represent objects.

Kwashiorkor is caused by  severe protein deficiency.

Key Points

• There are two types of deficiencies:
• Kwashiorkor
• Marasmus
• kwashiorkor is a deficiency of protein.
• Marasmus is a deficiency of protein and calories.
  

Important Points

About Proteins:

• Proteins are one of the  building blocks of body tissue.
• Proteins are made up  of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen.
• Proteins help for the  growth and repair of the body.
• Proteins are the nutrient  known as 'bodybuilders'.
• Amino acid  is the  basic unit of proteins.
• The Soyabean  contains  the highest percentage of protein.
• The major source of proteins  is meat, milk, egg, fish, gram, etc.
• Marasmus  is also caused by severe protein deficiency.

Additional Information

• Rickets and Valk-Skin are caused due to deficiency of Vitamin D 
• Iodine deficiency is the most common cause of goiter.
• Xerophthalmia is a progressive eye disease caused by vitamin A deficiency.

The correct answer is High Blood Pressure.

• Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) , also known as chronic diseases, tend to be of long duration and are the result of a combination of genetic, physiological, environmental and behavioral factors.
• The main types of NCD are cardiovascular diseases (such as heart attacks and stroke), cancers, chronic respiratory diseases (such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma) and diabetes.
• Unhealthy diets and a lack of physical activity may show up in people as raised blood pressure, increased blood glucose, elevated blood lipids and obesity. These are called metabolic risk factors that can lead to cardiovascular disease, the leading NCD in terms of premature deaths.

Key Points

High blood pressure

• High blood pressure, often referred to as a condition of high blood pressure, is a medical condition with increased blood pressure levels in the arteries.
• If it persists for a long time, it can lead to many other life-threatening diseases including heart disease and even stroke.
• Blood pressure is the force of your blood pushing against the walls of your arteries. Every time your heart beats, it pumps blood into the arteries. Your blood pressure is highest when your heart beats, pumping blood. This is called systolic pressure.
• It is easy to diagnose a person's blood pressure using a medical device called a sphygmomanometer .

Additional Information

Pneumonia

• Pneumonia is a serious infection of the lungs caused by various bacteria, viruses and fungi.
• It can be mild and sometimes even prove fatal.
• It affects people with weakened immune systems, older people above 65 years of age, infants and young children.
• Pneumonia can be bacterial, viral or mycoplasmic.

Influenza

• Influenza is an acute viral infection of the upper or lower respiratory tract that is marked by fever, chills, and a generalized feeling of weakness and pain in the muscles, together with varying degrees of soreness in the head and abdomen.
• Influenza viruses are categorized as types A, B, C, and D. 

Typhoid

• Typhoid is an infectious bacterial disease that mainly spreads through contaminated food or water.
• It can also spread due to poor hygienic conditions.
• The major symptoms of this disease are characterized by high fever, loss of appetite and diarrhoea.

Pasteurization is the heat treatment used to kill the pathogens.

Key Points

• P asteurization, a heat-treatment process that destroys pathogenic microorganisms in certain foods and beverages.
•  It is named after the French scientist Louis Pasteur.
•  Temperatures of about 63 °C (145 °F) maintained for 30 minutes or, alternatively, heating to a higher temperature, 72 °C (162 °F), and holding for 15 seconds were utilized for this process.

Additional Information

• Tantalization:
  • Something tantalizing is tempting: like a meal that smells amazing and makes you want to eat it.
• Sterilization:
  • Sterilization may be defined as the statistically complete destruction of all microorganisms including the most resistant bacteria and spores.    
• Boiling:
  • Boiling is the process by which a liquid turns into a vapor when it is heated to its boiling point. 

For upma, roasting and frying is not the correct combination of cooking.

Key Points

• While making upma, the semolina is first lightly roasted.
• Upma is a healthy dish, usually consumed during breakfast, uses the least amount of oil, only when sauteing vegetables.
• After that roasted semolina, seasoning, and water is added, no deep frying takes place during its preparation.

Additional Information Upma:

• Upma is an Indian dish usually consumed in breakfast and has its origin from Southern parts of India like Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, and Telangana.
• Upma is one of the traditional Indian breakfast recipes made with Rava or semolina.
• As both upma and suji halwa are made with Rava and water, the difference is one has sugar and the other has vegetables and spices.
• Upma is prepared using semolina and it is full of iron.
• Iron is an essential mineral for our body and consuming upma is an easy way of fueling the body with the mineral.
• Sometimes, upma is also prepared with varagu known as Kodo millet in English, is gluten-free, highly nutritious, fiber-rich, and is very filling.

Concept:

• Diseases can be caused due to various underlying reasons. 
• Proper food and diet are necessary for fast recovery from any diseases.
• A doctor advises different types of food during different diseases.

Explanation:

Anaemia:

• Anaemia means having less ‘haemoglobin’ or iron in the blood.
• Haemoglobin is an iron-rich protein that is present in the blood and is responsible for transporting oxygen from the lungs to the tissue.
• Due to lack of iron, there is a decrease in the level of haemoglobin because of which, oxygen cannot be properly circulated throughout the body.
• Anaemia disease is a result of deficiency of Iron.
• Medicines are taken for strength.
• People should eat jaggery, amla and green leafy vegetables because these have iron.
• The desired limit for haemoglobin in a healthy individual should be 
  • For men: 13.5 to 17.5 gm/dl 
  • For women: 12.0 to 15.5 gm/dl 

Thus, the main cause of Anemia in human beings is the deficiency of iron.

Additional Information 

Deficiency of protein:

• Deficiency diseases: Kwashiorkor
• Sources: beans, dal, meat, soybean

Deficiency of calcium:

• Deficiency diseases: Osteoporosis
• Sources: Amla, milk, green vegetables and dairy products

Deficiency of vitamin A:

• Deficiency diseases: Night-blindness, Hyperkeratosis, and Keratomalacia
• Sources: Orange, ripe yellow fruits, leafy vegetables, carrots, pumpkin, squash, spinach, liver

Good nutrition has an important role in growth and development. As children enter school age, their nutritional needs increase. In fact, there are differences in the nutrient requirements of boys and girls from the age of 10 years. 

Malnutrition and infections are interrelated. In fact, malnutrition is a national problem. It is a consequence of several factors such as illiteracy, poverty, ignorance about the nutritional needs of children, and poor access to health care, especially in rural and tribal areas.

Important Points

Nutritional deficiency diseases may set in at this stage if the infant is not exclusively breastfed and when complementary foods do not meet the nutrient needs of infants. Nutritional deficiency at this stage can result in lifelong impairments and disabilities. On the other hand, adequate nutrition ensures that the children grow to their full potential. Let us list the important deficiency diseases that may occur in childhood precisely.

• Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM): leads to growth retardation and infections leading to diarrhea and dehydration
• Anemia: caused due to iron deficiency 
• Nutritional blindness: results due to vitamin A deficiency
• Rickets and osteopenia are bone-related: due to shortage of vitamin D and calcium
• Goiter (enlargement of the thyroid gland): due to deficiency of Iodine

Hence, we can conclude that nutritional deficiency in early childhood can cause Nutritional blindness.

Concept:

Biological value:

• It is defined as the proportion of protein retained in the body for growth and maintenance and expressed in the per cent of nitrogen absorbed.

• Biological value is the value that tells us how efficiently the body has absorbed the protein from the consumption through the diet.

Explanation:

​Protein:

• Protein is a polymer of amino acids.
• Dietary proteins are the source of essential amino acids.
• Proteins carry out many functions in living organisms such as transporting nutrients across the cell membrane.
• Protein also helps in fighting infectious organisms.

Thus, biological value is used to measure the quality of proteins.

Additional Information 

Carbohydrates:

• Carbohydrates are the source of energy for the body of living beings.
• Some common examples of carbohydrates are cane sugar, glucose, starch, etc.

​Vitamins:

• Vitamins are accessory food factors required in the diet.
• They are classified as fat-soluble (A, D, E, and K) and water-soluble (Β group and C).

Fat:

• Fat is an important macronutrient.
• It is also an important part of the diet for all animals and humans.
• Body stores fat for protection, warmth, and energy.
• Different types of fats, which are saturated and unsaturated, keep our bodies healthy in different ways.

The correct answer is Blood transfusion

Key Points

• Non-communicable diseases are chronic health conditions that are not contagious and, tend to be of long duration and are the result of a combination of genetic, physiological, environmental and behavioural factors
• Blood transfusions are used for patients who have experienced serious injuries from car crashes or natural disasters.

Additional Information

• A balanced diet is a diet that contains differing kinds of foods in certain quantities and amount.
• A healthy diet includes the following: Fruit, vegetables, legumes (e.g. lentils and beans), nuts, and whole grains (e.g. unprocessed maize, millet, oats, wheat, and brown rice.

• Adequate Sleep, is the amount of sleep is an important indicator of health and well-being in children and adolescents. 

The correct answer is "A national mission in India"

Key Points

•  Let's consider the following statements from the passage.
  • The UN report says that reducing food waste would also cut green house gas emissions and slow the destruction of nature through land conversion and pollution. Avoiding food wastage should therefore become a national mission. 
• From the highlighted part of the above statements it is clear that the passage suggests that food wastage prevention should become a national mission in India

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

The correct answer is- Honey.
Key Points

•  The given passage is about Vegans and how a vegan diet is different from vegetarian and non-vegetarian.
•  Let us refer to the passage - Vegans do not eat animals or animal-based products like meat, fish, seafood, eggs, honey and dairy products such as cheese. Vegetarians don’t eat meat or fish but they can eat eggs, honey, and dairy products, but vegans don’t eat any animal-based food products.

From the above line, we can say that: Honey is food taken by vegetarians but not by Vegans.

The correct answer is Indigestion.

CONCEPT :

Indigestion:

• Indigestion is often a sign of an underlying problem, such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), ulcers, or gallbladder disease, rather than a condition of its own.
• Indigestion is also called dyspepsia.

EXPLANATION:

• A burning sensation or pain in the upper part of your stomach due to indigestion.
• Indigestion occurs due to difficulty in swallowing which may affect any part of the swallowing pathway from the mouth to the stomach.

• Aerobic fermentation happens in the presence of oxygen. it always happens at the start of the fermentation method.
• Aerobic fermentation is typically a shorter and additional intense method than anaerobic fermentation.
• Oxygen limitation could be a major drawback in aerobic fermentation as a result of oxygen-containing low solubility in water.

Hence, Option A "Growth of aerobes takes place at a lower water activity in the presence of air" is correct.

Additional Information 

Difference between Aerobic Fermentation and  Anaerobic Fermentation

The correct answer is Typhoid.

Key Points

• Typhoid is caused by Salmonella typhi bacteria. 
• The virus is contracted by drinking or eating the bacteria in contaminated food or water.
• Bacteria:
  • It was discovered by Antonie van Leeuwenhoek.
  • Leeuwenhoek is called the father of Bacteriology.
  • Louis Pasteur discovered the vaccine of Rabies and pasteurization of milk.
  • Anabaena and Nostoc cyanobacteria fix atmospheric nitrogen into the soil.
  • Cholera, Leprosy, and Tuberculosis are caused by bacteria.

Additional Information

• Polio, Ebola and Hepatitis C are caused by virus.
• A Virus is an infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism.
  • Virus was discovered by Dmitri Ivanovsky.
  • The tobacco mosaic virus is the first discovered virus.
  • The study of viruses is known as virology.
  • Virology is a subfield of microbiology.
  • Dmitri Ivanovsky is one of the co-founders of virology.
  • A Virus mainly consists of:
    1. Genetic material (DNA or RNA).
    2. A protein coat that surrounds and protects the genetic material.
    3. An outside envelope of lipids.