RRB Staff Nurse Mock Test - 4 - RRB NTPC/ASM/CA/TA MCQ

Freud championed psychodynamic psychology.

Psychodynamic psychology is the psychology of mental or emotional forces or processes developing especially in early childhood and their effects on behavior and mental states. In psychology, a psychodynamic theory is a view that explains personality in terms of conscious and unconscious forces, such as unconscious desires and beliefs.

Surgical instruments are generally sterilized using autoclave.

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) results from an excessive accumulation of Ketone bodies from fat metabolism.

The ketone bodies beta-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate are produced in the body as a byproduct of fat metabolism. Essentially ketone bodies are formed in the body when there is an excess of fatty acids available.

The main function of prostate is secretion of alkaline muscus.

The main function of the prostate gland is to secrete an alkaline fluid that comprises approximately 70% of the seminal volume. The alkaline fluid in the ejaculate results in liquefaction of the seminal plug and helps to neutralize the acidic vaginal environment.

The cognitive changes during old age mostly effect memory. The basic cognitive functions most affected by age are attention and memory. Neither of these are unitary functions, however, and evidence suggests that some aspects of attention and memory hold up well with age while others show significant declines.

In Ropy or stringy fermentation, organisms synthesize a viscous polysaccharide material that forms a slime layer or capsule on the cells. They include Alcaligenes viscolactis, Enterobacter aerogenes, etc.

Apex is considered as the bluntly rounded portion of the heart.

The apex (the most inferior, anterior, and lateral part as the heart lies in situ) is located on the midclavicular line, in the fifth intercostal space. It is formed by the left ventricle. The general structure of the heart is quite uniform in healthy individuals. However, some variations do occur.

The best way to decrease the risk of transferring pathogens to a patient when removing contaminated gloves is to gently pull just below the cuff and invert the gloves when removing them.

Turning the gloves inside out while removing them keeps all contaminants inside the gloves. They should then be placed in a plastic bag with soiled dressings and discarded in a soiled utility room garbage pail (double bagged). The other choices can spread pathogens within the environment.

If hemoglobin and red cell counts drop from myelosuppression, the oxygen-carrying capacity will fall, leaving the person at risk for angina. Some chemotherapy agents cause the heart muscle to weaken soon after chemotherapy begins. Novel angiogenesis inhibitors that suppress new blood vessel formation cause blood pressure to rise dramatically and may increase the risk of blood clots and heart failure.

Nurse Walter should expect a 3-year-old child to be able to ride a tricycle.

At age 3, gross motor development and refinement in eye-hand coordination enable a child to ride a tricycle. Most 3-year-olds are able to walk a line, balance on a low balance beam, skip or gallop, and walk backward. They can usually pedal a tricycle, catch a large ball, and jump with two feet.

Kale is an excellent source of dietary fiber. A serving of  ounces of kale contains 6.6 g of dietary fiber. Fiber is a very important component of our diet and comes from plant-based food sources (fruits, vegetables, legumes and whole grains). Different food sources contain different types of fiber and resistant starches and the side effects depend on the individual’s microbiome (gut bacteria). Instead of avoiding fiber altogether, you may want to identify the certain types of food that cause the distress.

Whole grain cereal should be avoided by the patient.

When administering levodopa, the patient should avoid excessive intake of foods rich in pyridoxine (vitamin B6) which has been found to reduce the effects of levodopa. Large amounts of pyridoxine are also contained in some foods such as bananas, egg yolks, lima beans, meats, peanuts, and whole-grain cereals.

When creating a teaching program for the parents of Jessica who is diagnosed with pulmonic stenosis (PS), Nurse Alex would keep in mind that this disorder involves the Obstruction of blood flow from the right ventricle.

Pulmonic stenosis is a defect of the pulmonic valve in which the valve is stiffened, causing an obstruction to flow. This disease is typically congenital, benign, and diagnosed in pediatric patients with potentially curative treatments.

The epidermis is the outermost of the three layers that make up the skin, the inner layers being the dermis and hypodermis.

The layers of the epidermis include:

1. Stratum basale (the deepest portion of the epidermis, the only one that experience mitosis)
2. Stratum spinosum (each time basal cell divides, a daughter cell is pushed into this layer)
3. Stratum granulosum (the third layer of the epidermis consists of granular cells)
4. Stratum lucidum (here, the keratinocytes are densely packed)
5. Stratum corneum (the most superficial portion of the epidermis, consists numerous of flattened, dead cells).

The dermis is split into two parts—the papillary dermis, which is the thin, upper layer, and the reticular dermis, which is the thick, lower layer.

The father of genetics is called " Johan Gregor Mendel".

Johan Gregor Mendel discovered the fundamental laws of inheritance through his work on pea plants. They concluded that genes come in a pair and are each inherited from the parents as separate units. Mendel tracked the segregation of parental genes and their presence in the offspring as dominant or recessive traits.

Mendel's 3 laws are:

• law of dissociation
• Law of purity of gametes
• law of independent matrices

The long-term complications seen in thalassemia major are associated with Hemochromatosis.

Long-term complications arise from hemochromatosis, excessive iron deposits precipitating in the tissues, and causing destruction. Hemochromatosis is a disorder associated with deposits of excess iron that causes multiple organ dysfunction. Hemochromatosis occurs when there are high pathologic levels of iron accumulation in the body. Hemochromatosis has been called “bronze diabetes” due to the discoloration of the skin and associated disease of the pancreas.

Blood in the upper GI tract is black and tarry. Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is a symptom of a disorder in the digestive tract. The blood often appears in stool or vomit but isn’t always visible, though it may cause the stool to look black or tarry. The level of bleeding can range from mild to severe and can be life-threatening.

Bell's palsy happens in the wounds of Seventh Cranial Nerve.

• Bell's palsy causes temporary paralysis of the facial muscles.
• Bell's palsy occurs when trauma occurs in the seventh cranial nerve (the nerve that controls the muscles of the face).
• In Bell's palsy, the face tends to droop to one side or, sometimes, to both sides.
• This condition occurs when inflammation temporarily puts pressure on the nerve that controls the muscles of the face.

The Burning of glucose during respiration requires oxygen. When a Muscle is subjected to continuous exercise there will be low availability of oxygen. This leads to the anaerobic breakdown of glucose which results in the formation of lactic acid.

This accumulation of lactic acid in the muscle causes muscle fatigue. thus Muscles get fatigued due to the accumulation of lactic acid.

Oxygen is paramagnetic due to the presence of two unpaired electron.

The total number of protons and neutrons present in the nucleus of an atom is called its mass number.

Hence mass number (a) = number of protons + number of neutrons = 2+2 = 4

Malleability is the ability of a metal to be hammered into thin sheets. Gold and silver are highly malleable. When a piece of iron is hammered it takes the shape of a sheet. This property is not seen in non metals.

Sweat glands are exocrine glands and are present in the skin. These glands produce sweat through a duct wart. There are two main types of sweat glands which differ in their structure, function, secretory products, mechanism of excretion, etc. These are - eccrine sweat glands and apocrine sweat glands.

In both types of sweat glands, the secretory coils are surrounded by contractile myoepithelial cells that function to facilitate the excretion of the secretory product.

A severely immunocompromised female patient requires a blood transfusion. To prevent GVHD, the physician will order irradiation of the donor blood.

TA-GVHD is almost always fatal, with a less than 10% survival rate. Currently, the approved method for the prevention of TA-GVHD is the irradiation of cellular blood products using either gamma rays or X-rays. Various studies have shown that the effect of irradiation on lymphocytes is dose-dependent: 5 Gy eliminates lymphocyte proliferation, 15 Gy results in an 85% to 90% reduction in mitogen response, and 50 Gy results in a 95% to 98.5% reduction in mitogen response. Although a minimum dose of 15 Gy causes DNA breakage and prevents T-lymphocyte proliferation, in the United States the recommendation for transfusion practice is that the center of a component bag should receive 25 Gy (versus 50 Gy in some countries), and any other area outside the bag center should receive a minimum of 15 Gy (versus 25 Gy in some countries).

In the United States, most irradiation is performed using self-contained component irradiators. These pieces of equipment are typically sources that emit gamma rays or X-rays. For gamma-ray–emitting devices, cesium-137 is usually the preferred radiation source, primarily because of its long half-life (25–30 years). Table 3 compares the pros and cons of gamma-ray and X-ray instruments as irradiation sources. As an alternative to maintaining a self-contained irradiator, smaller blood banks and transfusion services may choose to use their radiation oncology department's irradiation equipment, where cobalt-60 is generally the source for gamma rays. In such circumstances, a dose of 25 Gy has been found to be effective for T-lymphocyte inactivation.

Anushilan Samiti was a Bengali Indian organization that existed in the first quarter of the twentieth century, and propounded revolutionary violence as the means for ending British rule in India. It was founded by Satish Chandra Basu. By 1902, Calcutta had three societies working under the umbrella of Anushilan Samity.

Ferrari racer Charles Leclerc won the Austrian Grand Prix on 10 July 2022. This was Leclerc's third win of 2022.

Red Bull's Max Verstappen came second while Mercedes driver Lewis Hamilton finished third.

Leclerc had earlier won the Bahrain GP and the Australian GP in 2022 respectively. Overall, Leclerc has five race wins in his career, besides getting 18 podium finishes.

Tara is an 11-year-old girl diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM). She asks her attending nurse why she can’t take a pill rather than shots like her grandmother does. "Your body does not make insulin, so the insulin injections help to replace it" would be the nurse’s best reply.

The child has type 1 DM, indicating a lack of functioning pancreatic beta cells and an absolute insulin deficiency. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition that leads to the destruction of pancreatic beta cells which in turn causes insufficient insulin production, resulting in hyperglycemia. Type 1 diabetes is a chronic disease requiring insulin replacement and intensive effort by the patient.

Former Indian women's hockey team captain, Elvera Britto has passed away at 81 due to old-age-related problems on April 2022. Elvera Britto led Karnataka's domestic team to win seven national titles. She ruled the domestic circuit from 1960 to 1967. She also represented India against Japan, Sri Lanka, and Australia. She is the second women hockey player to be conferred with the Arjuna Award(1965) after Anne Lumsden.

The first term is:

44 + 23 = 67

67 × 3 = 201

The second term is:

61 + 19 = 80

80 × 3 = 240

Similarly for 89 + 20

89 + 20 = 109

109 × 3 = 327

Cough with sputum (200 ml per 24 hours), which is produced mostly in the mornings the possible condition is Bronchiectasis. Bronchiectasis is a condition where damage causes the tubes in your lungs (airways) to widen or develop pouches. It makes it hard to clear mucus out of your lungs and can cause frequent infections. Coughing a lot with pus and mucus is the main symptom of bronchiectasis.