RRB Staff Nurse Mock Test - 8 - RRB NTPC/ASM/CA/TA MCQ

A sputum culture is a test that checks for bacteria or another type of organism that may be causing an infection in the lungs or the airways leading to the lungs. Sputum, also known as phlegm, is a thick type of mucus made in the lungs. If a person has an infection or chronic illness affecting the lungs or airways, it can make him cough up sputum.

Mustard is a dicotyledonous plant. Dicotyledonous plants are also called knowns are dicot and they are angiosperms (Flowering plants).

The trickling filter is used in secondary treatment in which a stationary microbial culture is fed by a continuous supply of nutrients. It is used for filtration processes.

Because DNA consists of four different bases, and because there are three bases in a codon, and because 4 * 4 * 4 = 64, there are 64 possible patterns for a codon. Since there are only 20 possible amino acids, this means that there is some redundancy -- several different codons can encode for the same amino acid.

This client requires a vasodilator, such as nifedipine, to treat hypertension, and a beta-adrenergic blocker, such as esmolol, to reduce the heart rate.

Nifedipine is a calcium channel blocker that belongs to the dihydropyridine subclass. It is primarily used as an antihypertensive and antianginal medication.

Esmolol (esmolol hydrochloride) is an intravenous cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic antagonist. Esmolol is FDA-approved for short-term duration use in control of supraventricular tachycardia, such as a rapid ventricular rate in patients with atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter.

Staff nurses provide direct patient care to a single patient or a group of patients. She is directly accountable to the ward supervisor. Career as a Staff Nurse can be described with the form of responsibilities and tasks they provide. Although some are generally involved in preparing and identifying requirements for patient care, performing the operative treatment, others are expected to maintain medical records, manage and control routine check-ups and medication.

The upper region of the trickling filter is favorable for the growth of algae, and at times their growth may become so extensive that it impairs the operation of the filter.

The secretion of pancreatic juice is stimulated by cholecystokinin.

• Pancreatic juice is stimulated to flow in response to increases in the blood concentrations of two gastrointestinal hormones cholecystokinin.
• Hormones are liberated from the duodenal mucosa in response to different components of the luminal environment.
• Cholecystokinin stimulates the gallbladder to contract and release stored bile into the intestine.
• It also stimulates the secretion of pancreatic juice and may induce satiety.

At the first 12 weeks after conception.

Infants who are exposed to rubella during weeks 0-12 of gestation have a 51% chance of developing congenital rubella syndrome. If the fetus is exposed to the virus between 12 and 26 weeks, the incidence of defects drops to 23%. Congenital rubella syndrome is rare in infants whose mothers were initially exposed to the virus after 26 weeks of gestation. Interestingly, the fetus is more likely to have birth defects if the mother contracted rubella before conception - infants whose mothers contracted the virus 0-4 weeks before conception have as much as 43% incidence of congenital rubella syndrome, due to it's long incubation period.

When planning care for a client who has ingested phencyclidine (PCP), nurse Wayne is aware that the Client’s safety need is the highest priority.

Excretory system is associated with kidneys.

The excretory system comprises of ureters, kidneys, urinary bladder, and urethra. The excretory system in a human body is responsible for the removal of unnecessary and excess materials from the body fluids to prevent the body from any damage and to help maintain the internal chemical homeostasis.

Bilirubin is a waste product released during the breakdown of RBC.

Bilirubin, a brownish-yellow pigment of bile, is secreted by the liver in vertebrates, which gives solid waste products (feces) their characteristic color. It is produced in the bone marrow cells and liver as the end product of red-blood-cell (hemoglobin) breakdown.

A priority goal of involuntary hospitalization of the severely mentally ill patient is protection from self-harm and harm to others. Involuntary hospitalization may be required for persons considered dangerous to self or others or for individuals who are considered gravely disabled.

PRN is an abbreviation from the Latin phrase “pro re nata.” “Pro re nata” depending on the translation means “as needed,” “as necessary,” “as the circumstance arises”. It’ll vary from hospital to hospital. Sometimes from department to department in the same hospital system. The primary objective of having PRN positions is to fill staffing shortages or to fill in when the full-time nurses are sick or on vacation.

Herman Ebbinghaus coined the term serial-position effect.

The serial-position effect was first discovered by Herman Ebbinghaus. He was an American psychologist. The serial-position effect can be defined as a tendency in which the accuracy of recalling the first and last items in the list is greater, and the accuracy of recalling the items in the middle is worst.

The term Medical Sociology was coined by Charles McIntire.

Medical sociology: it is the sociological analysis of medical organizations and institutions; the production of knowledge and selection of methods, the actions and interactions of healthcare professionals, and the social or cultural effects of medical practice.

Uses of medical sociology:

• Social epidemiology to practice social medicine.
• To study cultural factors and social relations.
• To study social factors of family, society, and government about health or disease.
• To study social principles in medical organization and treatment.
• To study the social problem
• To study social security

Cellulose is a polymeric polysaccharide consisting of only one type of monosaccharide i.e., glucose. Cellulose is digested by the enzyme cellulase which is absent in human beings. Thus, "Human beings do not have cellulose digesting enzymes" is correct statement regarding cellulose rich food substances.

The nurse observes a client pacing in the hall. “I notice that you’re pacing. How are you feeling?” statement by the nurse may help the client recognize his anxiety.

By acknowledging the observed behavior and asking the client to express his feelings the nurse can best assist the client to become aware of his anxiety. Recognition acknowledges a patient’s behavior and highlights it without giving an overt compliment. A compliment can sometimes be taken as condescending, especially when it concerns a routine task like making the bed. However, saying something like “I noticed you took all of your medications” draws attention to the action and encourages it without requiring a compliment.

A person who has aggressive feelings may not be able to express these in society but can become a boxer. This is an example of sublimation. In psychology, sublimation is a mature type of defense mechanism, in which socially unacceptable impulses or idealizations are transformed into socially acceptable actions or behavior, possibly resulting in a long-term conversion of the initial impulse.

Students in a class room is not a secondary group.

Secondary groups are large groups whose relationships are impersonal and goal oriented. People in a secondary group interact on a less personal level than in a primary group, and their relationships are generally temporary rather than long lasting.

Platelets, also called thrombocytes, are a component of blood whose function is to stop bleeding by clumping and clotting blood vessel injuries.

A terminally ill patient usually experiences all of the following feelings during the anger stage except numbness.

Numbness is typical of the depression stage when the patient feels a great sense of loss. Depression is perhaps the most immediately understandable of Kubler-Ross’s stages and patients experience it with unsurprising symptoms such as sadness, fatigue, and anhedonia. Spending time in the first three stages is potentially an unconscious effort to protect oneself from this emotional pain, and, while the patient’s actions may potentially be easier to understand, they may be more jarring in juxtaposition to behaviors arising from the first three stages.

Mask personal protective equipment will mainly help in prevention of Droplet infection.

• Droplet precautions involve the use of masks to prevent passing to others.
• It includes prevention of transmission of disease spread by the droplets through coughing, sneezing, and even during talking.
• Face mask is advised to wear to prevent droplet infections.

The usefulness of a 'screening test' in a community depends on its sensitivity. A screening test is done to detect potential health disorders or diseases in people who have any symptoms of disease. Examples of Screening Tests are Pap smear, mammogram, clinical breast exam, blood pressure determination, cholesterol level, eye examination/vision test, and urin analysis.

The HIV is transmitted among humans through close and direct physical contact with infected bodily fluids, the most infectious being blood, faeces and vomit. The HIV has also been detected in breast milk, urine and semen. Nipah virus, SARS and Ebola virus are thought to be spread by fruits bats.

The Environment (Protection) Act was enacted in 1986 with the objective of providing for the protection and improvement of the environment. It empowers the Central Government to establish authorities [under section 3(3)] charged with the mandate of preventing environmental pollution in all its forms and to tackle specific environmental problems that are peculiar to different parts of the country. The Act was last amended in 1991.

Mumtaz Khan, who was named the Emerging Player of the Year by the International Hockey Federation (FIH), hails from the Lucknow district of Uttar Pradesh. India's young hockey player Mumtaz Khan has been awarded the 'FIH Rising Women's Star of the Year 2021-22' award. Mumtaz defeated Charlotte Englebert of Belgium by just three points. Mumtaz got a total of 32.9 points after the voting while Englebert came third with 29.9 points. Netherlands' Luna Folk (16.9 points) finished third.

Treatment of wastewater is done by the heterotrophic microbes naturally present in the sewage.

This treatment is carried out in two stages:

1. Primary treatment: These treatment steps basically involve the physical removal of particles – large and small – from the sewage through filtration and sedimentation.

• These are removed in stages; initially, floating debris is removed by sequential filtration.
• Then the grit (soil and small pebbles) is removed by sedimentation.
• All solids that settle form the primary sludge and the supernatant forms the effluent.
• The effluent from the primary settling tank is taken for secondary treatment.

2. Secondary treatment or Biological treatment: The primary effluent is passed into large aeration tanks where it is constantly agitated mechanically and the air is pumped into it.

• This allows vigorous growth of useful aerobic microbes into flocs (masses of bacteria associated with fungal filaments to form mesh-like structures).
• While growing, these microbes consume the major part of the organic matter in the effluent.
• This significantly reduces the BOD (biochemical oxygen demand) of the effluent. BOD refers to the amount of oxygen that would be consumed if all the organic matter in one litre of water were oxidized by bacteria. Therefore, statement 1 is correct.
• The sewage water is treated till the BOD is reduced. The BOD test measures the rate of uptake of oxygen by micro-organisms in a sample of water and thus, indirectly,
• BOD is a measure of the organic matter present in the water. The greater the BOD of wastewater, the more is its polluting potential. Therefore, statement 2 is incorrect.
• Once the BOD of sewage or wastewater is reduced significantly, the effluent is then passed into a settling tank where the bacterial ‘flocs’ are allowed to sediment.
• This sediment is called activated sludge.
• A small part of the activated sludge is pumped back into the aeration tank to serve as the inoculum.
• The remaining major part of the sludge is pumped into large tanks called anaerobic sludge digesters.
• Here, other kinds of bacteria, which grow anaerobically, digest the bacteria and the fungi in the sludge.
• During this digestion, bacteria produce a mixture of gases such as methane, hydrogen sulfide, and carbon dioxide.
• These gases form biogas and can be used as a source of energy as it is inflammable.
• The effluent from the secondary treatment plant is generally released into natural water bodies like rivers and streams.

Tyrocidines and gramicidines are more effective against Gram-positive organisms whereas polymyxins are particularly effective against Gram-negative bacteria.

In regions of the estuary that are nutritionally poor, one is likely to find the budding and/or the appendaged bacteria, in addition to pseudomonads. A bacterial appendage protrudes outward from the surface of the microorganism.