AWES TGT Chemistry Mock Test - 8 - AWES TGT/PGT MCQ

Indian and Sri Lankan coast guard ships recently joined the Maldives for Exercise Dosti 16, a trilateral coast guard exercise held every two years since 1991. Sri Lanka joined in 2012, and the 16th edition involves the Coast Guards of India, Sri Lanka, and the Maldives, with observers from Bangladesh. The exercise focuses on mutual operational capability, interoperability, and cooperation in scenarios like sea accidents and pollution. India’s participation includes ICGS Samarth, ICGS Abhinav, and ICG Dornier.

The World Health Organization (WHO) launched the Global Initiative on Digital Health (GIDH) as part of India’s G20 presidency. The initiative aims to democratize digital health technologies, featuring components such as a country needs tracker and a transformation toolbox. Union Health Minister Mandaviya highlighted its role in creating an institutional framework for digital health, while Bagchi emphasized India’s digital response during the pandemic. WHO Director-General Dr Tedros emphasized GIDH’s support in addressing health system fragmentation and overlap, promoting global digital health standards.

Lough Neagh, the largest freshwater lake in the British Isles, faces an alarming ecosystem collapse in 2024, marked by the absence of its native fly. Situated in East-central Northern Ireland, covering 392 sq km with a 5,700 sq km catchment area, it serves as a crucial water source, supplying over 40% of Northern Ireland’s drinking water. Known for Europe’s largest wild eel fishery and hosting 100 bird species, it holds cultural and archaeological significance as a jewel in the region.

The New York Times (NYT) has taken legal action against OpenAI and Microsoft, accusing them of unauthorized usage of its copyrighted content for AI model training, notably ChatGPT. This legal dispute highlights the broader debate on intellectual property rights in the generative AI era.

Dhinidhi Desinghu achieved the 'Best India Time' in the girl's 100m Freestyle event at the 11th Asian Group Aquatics Championships in the Philippines. She set a new Indian record of 57.33 seconds, surpassing the previous record set by Kenisha Gupta.

South Korea experienced a further decline in its fertility rate, reaching a record low of 0.72 in 2023. This exacerbates concerns about population decline and highlights socio-economic factors influencing birth rates, such as career advancement concerns and financial burdens.

National Education Policy 2020-

According to NEP 2020, A good educational institution is one in which every student feels welcomed and cared for, where a safe and stimulating learning environment exists, where a wide range of learning experiences are offered, and where good physical infrastructure and appropriate resources conducive to learning are available to all students.

Key PointsSome important fundamental principles of the NEP 2020 are- 

• It will include Progress of the Child in Inquiry-Based Learning, Quiz, Projects Roleplay, Group Work, Portfolios, etc, as part of the assessment of the students.
• It includes the overall development of the leader, it covers all three aspects as Cognitive domain, affective domain, and psychomotor domain.
• Making board examination low stake and less stressful by focusing on Logic and Core Competencies
• It emphasizes group work as well as individual work, NEP 2020 links the study to the curriculum.

Hence, we can conclude that in the context of progress of the child, National Education Policy 2020 proposes inquiry-based learning.

Lawrence Kohlberg, an American psychologist, has propounded the 'Theory of Moral Development'.

• He has made a systematic study of moral development in his theory that is categorized into 3 levels and 6 stages. 

The teacher's role is to empower every student irrespective of their diversity is important. Diversity among learners could be with reference to their learning abilities, socio-economic backgrounds, cultural variations or even emotional behavioural characteristics.

Key Points

• The system of education calls for providing equal opportunity to every child for optimal development. “Inclusive Education” has emerged as a guiding principle to envisage this vision.
• Inclusive Education is an approach to educating all children who are at risk for neglect in the education system. It expects that all learners learn together through access to common educational provisions.
• In our democratic country, equality of opportunity is guaranteed to the citizens. In spite of this constitutional right bestowed upon us, informal discrimination is commonly observed in our society. Restrictions are imposed upon individuals based on their deviation in social, economical, cultural, physical, intellectual and behavioural attributes. 
• Inclusive education helps the development of children in different ways. Students with specific challenges make gains in physical, cognitive and social development and motor skills. They do well when the general environment is adjusted to meet their needs.
• The practice can help overcome discrimination which is widespread in every sphere of society.
• Inclusive education can help break the cycle of poverty and exclusion.
• This practice can help to develop a learning and effective environment with the physical facilities and the support of trained teachers.

Hence, it can be concluded that "Educational policies" is not the barriers to Inclusive Education.

• The policy is a comprehensive framework for elementary education to higher education as well as vocational training in both rural and urban India.
• This policy aims at reducing the curriculum load of students and allowing them to be more "inter-disciplinary" and "multi-lingual".
• One example given was "If a student wants to pursue fashion studies with physics, or if one wants to learn bakery with chemistry, they'll be allowed to do so".
• Report cards will be "holistic", offering information about the student's skills.

​Hence the central focus of National Education Policy 2020 is on multidisciplinary and holistic education. On the other hand, rigid curriculum, pedagogy, assessment, learning towards and for exams, and adoption of summative methods of assessment are not a part of NEP 2020 because these restrict the freedom of students to explore and learn.

The configuration in a compound is independent of its physical properties (optical activity)

Lead does affect the kidney and CNS but its first target is RBC and through that onlt it travels inside the body to CNS and kidneys.

Molarity = 2.772 M =2.772 mol L^-1  Thus, NaOH =2.772 mol

A diamond is not considered a molecule because each carbon atom is covalently bonded with four other carbon atoms. This is what makes a diamond a network solid.

Additional Information: 

• A network solid or covalent network solid (also called atomic crystalline solids) is a chemical compound (or element) in which the atoms are bonded by covalent bonds in a continuous network extending throughout the material. 
• Examples of network solids include diamond with a continuous network of carbon atoms and silicon dioxide or quartz with a continuous three-dimensional network of SiO₂ units.

The correct answer is option  D.
Milk is an emulsion with fat particles (globules) dispersed in an aqueous (watery) environment. The fat globules do not coalesce and form a separate layer (oil off or churn) because they are protected by a membrane layer which keeps the fat particles separate from the water phase.

(a.c.d) Regardlessvehether a cell is a volatic or an electrolysis cell, anode s the electrode at which oxidation takes place and cathode is the electrode at which reduction takes place. In electrochemical cell, Zn → Zn²⁺ + 2e^- .

It is losing electrons thus, anode is negative terminal. In electrolysis cell. cation migrates to cathode thus -ye terminal. anion migrates to anode thus +ve terminal. 

General EC = [Rn] 5f^1-146d^0-17s².

Enzymes are biological catalyst, they catalize different chemical reactions in body.

H₂O₂ is an oxidizing agent in 1st reaction and Reducing agent in 2nd reaction.

The flow of current in a Daniel cell or any other electrochemical cell is due to the movement of electrons from the anode to the cathode. This happens through an external circuit connecting the two electrodes.

• Electron Transfer: In a Daniel cell, the zinc (Zn) electrode is oxidized to zinc ions (Zn²⁺), releasing two electrons. These electrons then move through the external circuit to the copper (Cu) electrode, reducing the copper ions (Cu²⁺) to copper atoms. However, the transfer of electrons does not occur directly from Zn to Cu²⁺ in the solution. Instead, it happens via the external circuit. Therefore, option A is incorrect.

• Potential Difference: The potential difference between the two electrodes in a Daniel cell is what drives the flow of current. When zinc is oxidized at the anode, it leaves behind electrons, creating a negative charge. At the same time, the reduction of copper ions at the cathode absorbs electrons, creating a positive charge. This difference in charge creates a potential difference or voltage that causes the electrons to flow from the anode to the cathode, generating current. Therefore, option B is correct.

• Salt Bridge: A salt bridge is a device used to complete the circuit in a Daniel cell by allowing the flow of ions between the two half-cells. This maintains the electrical neutrality within the half-cells, enabling the reaction to continue. However, it does not directly facilitate the flow of current, which is driven by the potential difference between the electrodes. Therefore, option C is incorrect.
• Platinum Wire: While a wire, such as one made of platinum, is needed to connect the two electrodes and provide a path for the electrons to move, it is not the presence of the wire itself that allows for the flow of current. Rather, it is the potential difference between the electrodes. Therefore, option D is incorrect.

In conclusion, the flow of current in a Daniel cell is possible if there is a potential difference between the copper and zinc electrodes. This potential difference drives the movement of electrons from the anode to the cathode, generating current.

NaHCO₃ + H₂SO₄ →  Na₂SO₄ + H₂O + CO₂
extingusher fire

Ozone is detected by using Hg.

(S)-2-butanol is formed with specific rotation + 13.52°.

S(g) + 6F(g) → SF₆(g)
∆rH = ∑∆Hreactant -  ∑∆H_product
= (275+6 80) - (-1100) 
= 1855
So,  bond energy of (S—F) = 1855/6 = 309.16 kJ mol^-1

Group 15 doping on group 14 element forms n type semiconductor due to excess electrons.

S_N1 reaction proceeds via carbocation intermediate which is being indicated here by two transition states and a small trough between reactant and product. Also the second transition state must be below first transition state in S_N1 reaction