Which of the following describes the function of a parity bit in even parity checking?

Ensuring the total number of 1’s in the byte is even.

Ensuring the total number of 1’s in the byte is odd.

Counting the number of 0’s in the byte.

Counting the total number of bits in the byte.

What is the purpose of the parity bit in odd parity?

To make the total number of bits even.

To make the total number of 1’s odd.

To check the length of the binary string.

To ensure the total number of 1’s is even.

How does interference affect parity checks?

It changes the algorithm used for parity checks.

It may flip bits, causing errors that parity checks detect.

It eliminates the need for parity checks.

It guarantees that errors will always be detected.

Which of the following is true about checksums?

They locate the exact position of errors.

They confirm if data has been corrupted without indicating the error location.

They are not used in digital communication.

They always ensure error-free transmission.

What action is taken if the parity check fails in a transmitted byte?

The byte is corrected automatically.

An error is flagged, indicating that retransmission may be needed.

The data is accepted as correct.

The parity bit is adjusted and the byte is used.

What is the role of a parity byte in a parity block?

To ensure horizontal parity in each row.

To ensure vertical parity across columns.

To identify bit errors in columns.

How is the checksum value calculated if the sum of all bytes is 300?

Subtract 256 from the total sum.

Divide the sum by 256 and round down.

Find the difference between the sum and the nearest multiple of 256.

What happens during an echo check?

Data is sent back to the sender for verification.

Data is automatically corrected.

The parity bit is recalculated.

Which method is more reliable for error detection, parity checks or checksums?

Parity checks, because they identify specific errors.

Checksums, because they confirm data integrity over larger blocks.

Both, they serve different purposes and can be used together.

In a parity block, what happens if there is a discrepancy in the parity byte?

It indicates a bit error in one of the columns.

It confirms the entire block is error-free.

It automatically corrects the error.

How does the Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ) protocol handle errors?

It ignores errors and continues transmission.

It sends a negative acknowledgment for retransmission if an error is detected.

It automatically corrects errors.

Why are check digits used in barcodes and ISBN numbers?

To verify the accuracy of the number.

To increase the length of the number.

To differentiate between different types of products.

What is the main limitation of parity checks in error detection?

They do not work with binary data.

They can only detect but not locate errors.

They are too complex to implement.

They correct the errors automatically.

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