Test: Nutrients - SSC CGL MCQ

Phytochemicals are natural chemicals found in plants that primarily serve the purpose of protecting the plants against diseases and pests. These chemicals play a crucial role in the plant's defense mechanisms, helping them ward off various threats in their environment.

Nonessential nutrients, although they can be synthesized by the body, are usually obtained from the food we consume. While the body has the capacity to produce these nutrients to some extent, it's still important to include them in our diet to ensure we maintain optimal health and functioning.

Fiber, primarily consisting of nondigestible carbohydrates, is sometimes regarded as the seventh major nutrient class. While it is not a source of energy like the other macronutrients, it plays a crucial role in maintaining digestive health and overall well-being.

Carbohydrates serve as a crucial energy source for the body. When consumed, carbohydrates are broken down into glucose, which is then used by cells as a primary source of energy. This energy is essential for various bodily functions, including physical activity and the normal functioning of organs and systems.

Soluble fiber, found in foods like oats, apples, and beans, dissolves in water and helps in slowing down the absorption of glucose in the body. This property of soluble fiber can be beneficial in managing blood sugar levels and reducing the risk of conditions like diabetes.

The key characteristic that distinguishes saturated fats from unsaturated fats is the type of bonds between their carbon atoms. Saturated fats have single bonds between carbon atoms, while unsaturated fats contain at least one double bond between carbon atoms. This structural difference affects their physical properties and health implications.

Vitamins primarily function as coenzymes in the body, assisting in various enzyme activities essential for biochemical reactions. Enzymes are proteins that catalyze biochemical reactions, and coenzymes like vitamins help these enzymes function effectively. For example, vitamin B2 (riboflavin) is a precursor to the coenzymes flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), both of which play crucial roles in energy production through the electron transport chain in cells.

Water is crucial for regulating body temperature by absorbing and releasing heat as needed. During physical activities or in hot environments, the body uses sweat to cool down and maintain a stable internal temperature. Water has a high heat capacity, allowing it to absorb and release large amounts of heat without significant changes in temperature, thus helping to regulate the body's overall heat balance.

Water intoxication can lead to an electrolyte imbalance in the body, particularly affecting the levels of sodium. When someone consumes excessive amounts of water without adequate electrolyte intake, the electrolyte concentration in the body can become diluted, a condition known as hyponatremia. This imbalance can disrupt nerve and muscle function, leading to symptoms like confusion, headaches, nausea, and in severe cases, seizures or coma. Electrolytes are essential for maintaining proper fluid balance and conducting electrical impulses in the body.

Calcium is crucial for various bodily functions, including bone strength, regulating acidity in the digestive system, and supporting nerve and cell membrane activities. Adequate calcium intake is necessary for maintaining strong bones and teeth. Additionally, calcium plays a vital role in muscle function, nerve signaling, and hormone secretion.

Potassium is essential for the proper functioning of the heart, nerves, and muscles. It helps regulate the body's fluid balance, maintain proper pH levels, and support various cellular functions. Potassium is particularly important for muscle contraction, including the rhythmic contractions of the heart.

Chloride is vital for the production of hydrochloric acid in the stomach, which aids in digestion. It is also essential for maintaining proper cell membrane permeability and facilitating the transport of ions across cell membranes. Chloride works in conjunction with sodium to help regulate fluid balance and maintain proper hydration levels in the body.

Phytochemicals primarily function to protect plants against diseases and pests. These natural compounds play a crucial role in the plant's defense mechanisms, helping them combat various threats in their environment, ultimately contributing to their survival and growth.

Phytochemicals are responsible for giving plants their distinct colors, flavors, and aromas. For example, the blue color of blueberries and the pungent taste and smell of garlic are attributed to specific phytochemicals present in these plants. These compounds not only add to the sensory appeal of plant foods but also serve various purposes such as attracting beneficial insects or repelling pests.

Phytochemicals are believed to offer health benefits, with some evidence suggesting that they act as antioxidants that can counteract cancer-causing free radicals in the body. Antioxidants play a crucial role in neutralizing harmful molecules that can damage cells and lead to various diseases, including cancer. Consuming plant foods rich in phytochemicals may help support the body's defense mechanisms against oxidative stress and promote overall health.