HPCL Civil Engineer Mock Test - 1 - HPSC (Haryana) MCQ

Given:

Candidate A's score = 50% and is short by 100 marks.

Candidate B's score = 78% and gets 30% more than passing marks.

Concept:

Use the concept of percentages and linear equations.

Solution:

A's score = 50% of total marks + 100 = Passing marks

B's score = 78% of total marks - 30% of passing marks

Equating both we get:

⇒ 50% of total marks + 100 = 78% of total marks - 30% of passing marks

⇒ 50% of total marks + 100 = 78% of total marks - 30%(50% of total marks + 100)

⇒ 1/2 of total marks + 100 = 78/100 of total marks - 30/100(1/2 of total marks + 100)

⇒ 1/2 of total marks + 100 = 78/100 of total marks - 15/100 of total marks - 30

⇒ 13/100 of total marks = 130

⇒ Total marks = 1000

Therefore, the maximum marks are 1000.

Given:

S.P. of 1 kg of mixture = Rs. 9.24,

Gain = 10%

Formula Used:

C.P = S.P x 100/(100 + P%)

Calculation:

C.P = Rs 9.24 x 100/(100 + 10%)

C.P= Rs 924 x 100/(110%)

C.P = Rs 8.4

By Rule of Alligation

Ratio of quantities of 1st and 2nd kind = 1.4 : 0.6 = 7 : 3.

Let x kg of sugar of 1st be mixed with 27 kg of 2nd kind.

Then, 7 : 3 = x : 27

∴ x = (27 × 7)/3 = 63 kg.

∴ The quantity of sugar that should be mixed is 63 Kg

Decoding the information,

Given:

(48 × 6)/4

After replacing the signs from left to right and using the BODMAS rule,

= (48 / 6) × 4

= 8 × 4

= 32

Hence, “32” is the correct answer.

Here, we use the BODMAS table given below:

As per the given data:

Given:

​⇒ 153 × 9 - 5 + 32 ÷ 90 = ?

After changing the sign as per the table:

​⇒ 153 ÷ 9 × 5 - 32 + 90

Apply BODMAS rule:

​⇒ 17 × 5 - 32 + 90

​⇒ 85 - 32 + 90

​⇒ 175 - 32 = 143

​⇒ '153 ÷ 9 × 5 - 32 + 90 = 143'

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (3)".

According to given information,

Hence, Vikram is in South-West direction of R.

Given word: VAPORIZE

Now, each letter of the word 'VAPORIZE' is arranged in English alphabetical order:

Here, only 'One' letter(O) will remain unchanged after arrange the words in Alphabetical order.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The correct answer is "Narcissist".

Key Points

• The one-word substitute for "someone in love with himself" is "Narcissist".
• "Narcissist" refers to someone who has an excessive admiration for oneself and is in self-love. (आत्मकेंद्रित)
  • Example: Ramesh always used to admire himself, as he is a narcissist.
• Hence, the correct option is "Narcissist".

Therefore, the correct answer is "Option 2".

Additional Information

• Autocrat: An autocrat is a ruler who has absolute power and authority over others. (अनियन्त्रित शासक)
• Egomaniac: An egomaniac is someone who is excessively self-centered or obsessed with their own importance. (अहंकारी)
• Introvert: An introvert is someone who tends to be reserved and focused on their own thoughts and feelings. (अंतर्मुखी)

The correct answer is 'Option 1' i.e. 'Outspoken'.

Key Points

• The word 'Devious' refers to someone who is dishonest or untrustworthy and uses cunning methods to achieve their goals.(कपटी)
• 'Outspoken' refers to someone who expresses their opinions very openly and directly, without trying to hide anything.(स्पष्टवादी)
• It is the opposite of 'Devious'.

Therefore, the correct answer is: 'Outspoken'.

Additional Information

• Now let's look at the other words:
  • 'Circuitous' means (of a route or journey) longer than the most direct way, or (of an argument) not direct or straightforward.(घुमावदार)
  • 'Clandestine' refers to something done secretly or kept secret. (गुप्त)
  • 'Serpentine' refers to something winding and turning one way and another, like a snake moving.(सर्पीला)

r₁ = 3 cm and r₂ = 4 cm and the distance between the centres = D = 10 cm.

Length of direct common tangent = √(10² – (4 – 3)²) = √99

Length of transverse common tangent = √(10² – (4 + 3)²) = √51

The correct answer is "will be"

Key Points

• The sentence is in the future tense and is referring to a future time, "this time next week." "Will be" is the correct future tense form of the verb "to be".
• The other options are incorrect because they do not match the tense or meaning of the sentence.
  • "Have been" is the present perfect tense, which is used to describe an action that started in the past and continues up to the present. It does not fit in the context of the sentence, which is referring to a future event.
  • "Be" is the simple present tense, which is used to describe actions that are currently happening or are generally true. It does not fit in the context of the sentence, which is referring to a future event.
  • "Had been" is the past perfect tense, which is used to describe an action that happened before another past event. It does not fit in the context of the sentence, which is referring to a future event.
• Therefore, the correct answer is "will be" because it matches the future tense and meaning of the sentence.

Correct sentence: This time next week, they will be in Canada

Let the number be 10 unit

40% of 10 = 4, 30% of 10 = 3

According to the question

(4 + 3) unit → 70

7 unit → 70

1 unit → 10

10 unit → 100

∴ The required number is 100.

Given:

Marked price of an article = 20% above than the cost price of an article

Discount = 10%

Selling price = Rs. 2160.

Calculation:

Marked price of an article = 2160 × 100/90 = Rs.2400

Cost price of an article = 2400 × 100/120 = Rs.2000

Profit = 2160 - 2000 = Rs.160

Required percentage = 160/2000 × 100 = 8%

∴ The profit percentage is 8%.

The logic followed here is :-

Hence, the correct answer is "60".

Given statements: M > N = O < P ≤ Q, R > S ≤ Q

On combining: M > N = O < P ≤ Q ≥ S < R

Conclusions:

I. N ≤ S → False (as N = O < P ≤ Q ≥ S, so no definite relationship can be determined between N and S)

II. O > S → False (as N = O < P ≤ Q ≥ S, so no definite relationship can be determined between O and S).

∵ N = O, so Conclusion II will be N > S.

This means that there is no direct relation between N and S.

Thus, either N ≤ S or N > S.

Hence, the correct answer is 'Option 3'.

Concept:

Stopping Sight Distance:

(i) Stopping sight distance is the minimum distance over which the driver traveling at design speed can apply brakes and bring the vehicle to stop position safely without collision with any other obstruction.

(ii) It is also known as minimum sight distance or non-passing sight distance. Stopping sight distance should be provided throughout the length of all roads.

(iii) Stopping sight distance composed of two components:

(a) Lag distance: It is the distance traveled by the vehicle in total reaction time if v is the design speed in m/s and t is the total reaction time in sec, then

lag distance = v × t meters

t = total reaction time = 2.5 second (As per IRC)

(b) Braking distance: It is the distance traveled by vehicle after the application of brakes.

Braking distance,

Where, v = design speed of vehicle in m/s

f = Coefficient of friction

Therefore,

Stopping sight distance (SSD) = Lag distance + Braking distance

SSD =

Note:

(i) Stopping sight distance when there are two lanes = SSD

(ii) Stopping sight distance for two way traffic with single-lane = 2 × SSD

Calculation:

Given, v = 100 kmph = 100/3.6 = 27.77 m/sec , (1 kmph = 1/3.6 m/s)

t = 2.5 sec

Lag distance = d = V × t

= 27.77 × 2.5

d = 69.425 m ≈ 69.5 m

Axis method:

(i) This method is used to balance a traverse where angles are measured more precisely than the lengths and thus this axis method is used for correction of lengths only.

(ii) Since the angles are measured more precisely and therefore the direction of lines do not change much while applying the correction and thus the general shape of the traverse do not change much.

(iii) In this method, the correction applied to any traverse line is expressed as

(one half of closing error × Length of traverse line)/Axis length

Consumptive irrigation requirement (CIR): is defined as the amount of irrigation water that is required to meet the evapo-transpiration needs of the crop during its full growth.

CIR = Consumptive use – Effective rainfall

Consumptive use of water by a crop is the depth of water consumed by the plant in the process of interception, transpiration, and evaporation, during crop growth.

Consumptive use of water by a crop is expressed as the depth of water per unit area for a specified period, such as days, months or seasons. The value of the consumptive use of water is needed to calculate the irrigation requirement of the crop.

Assumptions of the Kennedy's theory

• Flowing water has to counteract some amount of friction against the bed of the canal.
• The friction of the flowing water gives rise to vertical eddies from the bottom of the channel rising up gently to the surface.
• The generation of eddies is responsible for keeping most of the silt in suspension.

Critical Velocity (Vo)

It is defined as the mean velocity (across the section) which will just keep the channel free from sitting or scouring.

Vo = 0.55 md0.64

where,

d = depth of water in channel (in m)

m = Critical Velocity Ratio

Lever arm of the beam:

• Lever arm is the perpendicular distance between the line of action of the couple forming compressive and tensile force in a Reinforced concrete section.
• The lever arm plays vital role in the calculation of the moment of resistance, maximum and minimum reinforcement ratios etc. thus influencing the entire design of a RCC section.

Let us take a common example of Reinforced concrete section subjected to bending as shown below:

The section above the neutral axis is in compression whereas the section below the neutral axis is in tension. The stress diagram in working stress method is assumed to be linear, hence the compressive force will act at one third of the neutral axis from top. The entire tensile stress is taken by steel alone (one of the assumption), hence the tensile force will act at the level of steel.

Therefore, liver arm becomes:

Where, d = effective depth of the section and n = neutral axis depth

Euler’s theory:

• This theory is valid only for long columns only.
• This theory is valid only when the slenderness ratio is greater or equal to the critical slenderness ratio.
• For any slenderness ratio above critical slenderness ratio, the column fails by buckling and for any value of slenderness ratio less than this value, the column fails in crushing not in buckling.

Euler’s critical load formula is,

P =

Euler’s formula is applicable when,

Crushing stress ≥ Buckling stress

For mild steel,

E = 2 × 105 N/mm2

σcr = 330 N/mm2

∴ λ ≥ 80 N/mm2

∴ When the slenderness ratio for mild steel columns is less than 80, Euler’s theory is not applicable.

Concept:

IS:4954-1968:- Recommendations for Noise Abatement in Town Planning

The acceptable noise levels for outdoor and indoor levels in different types of residential areas is given in below table:

The acceptable noise levels for indoor levels in different types of residential areas is given in below table:

Shoulder:

• Shoulders are provided along the road edge and is intended for the accommodation of stopped vehicles, serve as an emergency lane for vehicles and provide lateral support for base and surface courses. The shoulder should be strong enough to bear the weight of a fully-loaded truck even in wet conditions.
• The shoulder width should be adequate for giving working space around a stopped vehicle. It is desirable to have a width of 4.6 m for the shoulders however the minimum width of 2.5 m is recommended by IRC
• Cross slope for the shoulder is 0.5% steeper than the cross slope of the pavement.

Important Points:

Cross slope to be provided for different types of pavement are as follows:

Stability of Floating Body:

The stability of a floating body is determined by the position of the Meta-centre (M). In the case of a floating body, the weight of the body is equal to the weight of the liquid displaced.

(a) Stable Equilibrium:

If the point M is above G, the floating body will be in stable equilibrium as shown.

If a slight angular displacement is given to the floating body in the clockwise direction, the centre of buoyancy shifts from B to B1 such that the vertical line through B1 cuts at M. Then the buoyant force FB through B1 and weight W through G constitute a couple acting in the anti-clockwise direction and thus bringing the floating body in the original position.

(b) Unstable Equilibrium:

If point M is below G. the floating body will be in unstable equilibrium as shown.

The disturbing couple is acting in a clockwise direction. The couple due to buoyant force F_R and W are also acting in the clockwise direction and thus overturning the floating body.

(c) Neutral Equilibrium:

If point M is at the centre of gravity of the body, the floating body will be in neutral equilibrium.

Concept:

Scissor Cross Over or Double Cross Over

• It enables the trains to change the track from either direction along the main track.
• It consists of 4 pairs of points, 6 acute angle crossings, 2 obtuse angle crossings, checks rails, and straight lengths.
• It is used when space for 2 separate cross-overs is not available.
• It is the combination of one cross over the other cross over in the opposite direction

Hence, A scissor crossover between two parallel railway tracks contains a diamond crossover.

NOTE: There is no such thing as diamond crossing in railways, the correct technical name would be diamond cross over. So, option 1 can't be true

Concept:

Population Forecasting Method:

The various methods for population forecasting as suitable for that city, considering the growth pattern, are as follows:

1. Arithmetical increase method:

• This method assumed that the population is increasing at a constant rate.
• It is used for forecasting the population of those large cities which reach the saturation population.
• This method is suitable for a large and old city with considerable development.

2. Geometrical increase method (or geometrical progression method):

• In this method, the percentage increase in population from decade to decade is assumed to remain constant.
• This method gives higher values and hence should be applied for a young and rapidly increasing city, but only for a few decades.

3. Incremental increase method:

• This method is the combination of both the arithmetic average method & geometrical average method.
• It is suitable for an average size town under the normal condition where the growth rate is found to be in increasing order.

4. Logistic curve method:

• This method is used when the growth rate of the population due to births, deaths, and migrations takes place under normal situations and it is not subjected to any extraordinary changes like an epidemic, war, earthquake, or any natural disaster, etc.

1) Sutro or Proportional weir:

2) Parshall flume

3) Weir and notch

​​Coefficient of contraction (Cc)

The coefficient of contraction (Cc) is defined as the ratio of the area of the cross-section of vena contracta to the area of cross-section of the orifice.

where Ac = area of jet at vena-contracta, A0 = orifice area

Concept:

Arithmetic Incremental Method: This method is based upon the assumption that the population increases at constant rate. This method is suitable for old cities as they have almost constant rate of increase in population.

The formula for forecasting the population by arithmetic increase method is,

P_n = P_o + n x̅

Where,

P_n = Population after ‘n’ number of decades, P₀ = Initial Population, n = number of decades, and x̅ = arithmetic mean (average) of population increase over the n decades

Calculation:

Arithimetic mean of population increase,

Now for forecasting the population after 2 decades current population is to be used as initial population. P₀ = Initial Population = 60000, n = 2 decades, x̅ = 5000.

∴ P_n = 60000 + 2 × 5000 = 70000

∴ The population after two decades will be 70000.

Like Parallel Forces: The forces, whose lines of action are parallel to each other and all of them act in the same direction as shown in Figure are known as like parallel forces.

Unlike Parallel Forces: The forces, whose lines of action are parallel to each other and all of them do not act in the same direction as shown in Figure are known as unlike parallel forces.

The given forces are of 100 N, 200 N and 300 N have their lines of action parallel to each other but act in the opposite directions. As the line of actions of these forces are parallel but act in opposite directions. Hence these forces are Unlike parallel forces.

Concept:

Flow-through Pipes in Series and Parallel:

(A) Pipe in Series:

• Pipes connected in continuation as in this case are said to be connected in series. In this arrangement, the rate of discharge is the same in all the pipes.
• Ignoring secondary losses the total loss of head is equal to the sum of the friction losses in the individual pipes.

Let d₁, d₂, d₃ be the diameters, and l₁, l₂, l₃ be the lengths of the various pipes in a series connection. Let Q be the discharge. Let h_f1, h_f2, h_f3 be the loss of head of the various pipes in a series connection.

So, Discharge is the same in all pipes

Q = Q₁ = Q₂ = Q₃

And the total loss of head(h_f) is equal to the sum of the friction losses in the individual pipes.

(B) Pipe in parallel:

• Pipes are said to be in parallel when they are so connected that the flow from a pipe branch or divides into two or more separate pipes and then reunites into a single pipe.
• In this arrangement, the loss of head is the same in all the pipes and the total rate of discharge is equal to the sum of the individual rate of discharge of all the pipes.​

​Let d₁ & d₂ be the diameters, and l₁ & l₂ be the lengths of the various pipes in a parallel connection. Let Q₁ & Q₂ be the discharge of the various pipes in a parallel connection. Let h_f be the loss of head.

So, the loss of head is the same in all the pipes

h_f = hf₁ = hf₂

And the total rate of discharge(Q) is equal to the sum of the individual rate of discharge of all the pipes.

Q = Q₁ + Q₂