HPCL Civil Engineer Mock Test - 2 - HPSC (Haryana) MCQ

Given :

Radius of the top of the circular shape (r) = 20 CM.

Height of the cylinder (h) = 160 CM.

Formula used:

The outer surface area of the hemisphere = 2πr²

The curved surface area of the cylinder = 2πrh

where, r = Radius, and h = Height

Calculation:

The total surface area of ​​the bird bath pot equal to

Curved surface area of the cylinder + Inner surface area of the hemisphere

The curved surface area of ​​the bird bath pot

⇒ 2πr² + 2πrh

⇒ 2 × π × 202 + 2π × 20 × 160

⇒ 6400π + 800π = 7200π cm2

∴ The correct answer is 7200 π cm².

Calculation:

Total principal = 25000 and total interest receive = 2031.25

So, all-over interest rate = 2031.25/25000 × 100 = 8.125%

So, the 1st part and 2nd part of the principal were lent out in the ratio 3 : 1

Now, the 2nd part of the money is = 25000 × = Rs. 6250

∴ The correct answer is Rs. 6,250

Given:

A bag contains 4 green, 5 blue, 2 red and 3 yellow balls.

Used Concept:

This problem is related to probability. The probability of an event is calculated as the number of favourable outcomes divided by the total number of possible outcomes.

Calculation:

Total number of balls = 4 green + 5 blue + 2 red + 3 yellow = 14 balls

Total number of ways for selecting 8 balls = ¹⁴C₈

⇒ = 3003

Total no. of ways of selcting 8 balls such that equal no. of balls of each color occur = ⁴C₂ × ⁵C₂ × ²C₂ × ³C₂

⇒ × × ×

⇒ 6 × 10 × 1 × 3 = 180

So, Probablity of picking equal no. of balls of each color = 180/3003

⇒ 60/1001

∴ Probablity of picking equal no. of balls of each color is 60/1001.

Given:

2x + 3y = and xy =

Formula used:

a3 + b3 = (a + b)3 - 3ab(a + b)

Calculation:

Let, a = 2x and b = 3y.

a3 + b3 = (a + b)3 - 3ab(a + b)

8x3 + 27y3 = (2x)3 + (3y)3

⇒ (2x + 3y)3 – 3 × 2x × 3y(2x + 3y)

⇒ (11/2)3 – 18 × (5/6) × (11/2)

⇒ (1331/8) - (660/8) =

∴ 8x3 + 27y3 is .

Given: A, B, C, D, E, F, and G are 7 friends sitting in a single row facing North.

1) B is to the immediate left of C and in second place from the leftmost end.

2) A is at the rightmost end.

3) E and A are neighbors of F.

4) D is to the immediate right of C.

So, G will sit in the remaining place.

Here, the position of E is 5th​ from left.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

• The use of "more" before "better" is incorrect as "better" is already a comparative form of the adjective "good".
• The correct comparative form of "good" is "better", and the superlative form is "the best".
• Therefore, the correct sentence should be "The new restaurant is better than the old one."

Hence, option 2 is the correct answer.

Important Points

• The comparative and superlative forms of adjectives are used to compare and describe different degrees of a particular quality.

• Comparative Form:

  • Usage: The comparative form is used when you are comparing two things or two groups.

  • Formation: Most adjectives form the comparative by adding "-er" (e.g., faster, taller) or by using "more" before the adjective (e.g., more beautiful, more interesting).

  • Example: The cat is faster than the dog.

• Superlative Form:

  • Usage: The superlative form is used when you are comparing more than two things or groups, indicating the highest degree of quality.

  • Formation: Most adjectives form the superlative by adding "-est" (e.g., fastest, tallest) or by using "most" before the adjective (e.g., most beautiful, most interesting).

  • Example: The cheetah is the fastest land animal.

The pattern here follows is:

Hence, the correct answer is "EOS".

Statement: Should new big industries be started in Mumbai?

Now,

Arguments:

I. Yes. It will create job opportunities. → True (starting new big industries in Mumbai, citing the potential for job creation as a positive factor. Indeed, the establishment of large industrial units can generate employment opportunities for the local population and contribute to economic growth).

II. No. it will further add to the pollution of the city → False (Stringent environmental regulations and effective implementation of pollution control measures can mitigate the negative impacts of industrial activities on the city's environment).

So, Only argument I is strong.

Hence, the correcet answer is "Option 3".

Given:

CP of 50 chocolates = 1000

Calculation:

Average Price of remaining chocolates = (Remaining Price)/(Remaining chocolate)

Given:

Compound interest = Rs. 10736

Principal = Rs. 10000

Time = 2 years

Formula used:

Amount when interest is compounded half-yearly = P[1 + (R/200)]^2T

P = Principal

R = Rate of interest

T = Time taken

Calculation:

According to the question,

Amount = 10000 + 10736 = 20736

20736 = 10000[1 + (R/200)]⁴

⇒ 20736/10000 = [1 + (R/200)]⁴

⇒ (12/10) - 1 = R/200

⇒ R = 40

∴ Rate of interest = 40%

The average weight of n members of a family is w kg, If one family member whose weight is W kg leaves the group,

then the new average weight of remaining family members = y

So,

W = {n × (w - y)} + y

According to the question,

⇒ 40 = 6 × (25 - y) + y

⇒ 40 = 150 - 6y + y

⇒ 40 = 150 - 5y

⇒ 5y = 150 - 40

⇒ 5y = 110

⇒ y = 22 kg

Therefore, '22 kg' is the required answer.

Given:

Principal = Rs. 20000

Rate = 8% per annum

Amount = Rs. 23200

Formula used:

Interest = (P × R × T)/100

SI = Amount - Principal

Where, P = Principal, R = Rate of interest, T = Time

Calculation:

Let the time be T years

SI = Amount - Principal

⇒ Rs. 23200 - Rs. 20000 = Rs. 3200

According to the question,

3200 = (20000 × 8 × T)/100

⇒ T = (3200 × 100)/160000

⇒ T = 2 years

∴ The time for which Radhika borrowed money is 2 years

Statements:

All cricketers are wealthy.

Some wealthy are Indians.

All Indians are honest.

The Venn diagram as per the given statements:

Conclusions:

I. All Indians are cricketers. → Does not follow (Because there is no definite relation given between Indians and cricketers, so it can be possible only but not definitely true)

II. Some cricketers are honest. → Does not follow (Because there is no definite relation given between cricketers and honest, so it can be possible only but not definitely true)

Hence, the correct answer is "Neither conclusions I nor II follow".

As per the given information,

The shaded-by part i.e. L represents → Private banks which provide education loan and personal loan but not housing loan

Hence, the correct answer is "option (1)".

Maximum shear force for the given beam in the figure below:

Now apply equilibrium condition in the vertical direction

R_A + R_B = P

RA + RB = 27

So, the Moment equilibrium condition at point A

R_B = 18 kN

Hence, R_A = 27 - 18 = 9 kN

Shear force diagram for given beam:

The maximum shear force for the given beam is "18 kN".

The stages of construction of highway projects are as follows:

1. Cleaning site of work or construction

• A good construction practice to follow cutting, removing, and disposing of all unsuitable materials such as trees, bushes, shrubs, stumps, roots, grass, weeds, and top organic soils up to a minimum depth of 150mm from the road construction area known as site clearance-clearing and grubbing.

2. Earthwork

• Earthwork is, in a few words, the process of moving earth from those areas that are too high, with respect to the road grades, to those areas that are too low, and is a crucial aspect of the overall construction problem.

3. Construction of drainage work such as culverts

• The primary purpose of a road drainage system is to remove the water from the road and its surroundings. The road drainage system consists of two parts: dewatering and drainage. “Dewatering” means the removal of rainwater from the surface of the road. “Drainage” on the other hand covers all the different infrastructural elements to keep the road structure dry.

4. Construction of the road and its shoulders

• The shoulder is a strip of pavement outside an outer lane; it is provided for emergency use by traffic and to protect the pavement edges from traffic damage.

Concept:

Thin spherical walls.

The hoop stress/longitudinal stress of a spherical shell is given by

The hoop strain / longitudinal strain of a spherical shell is given by

The volumetric strain is given by 3 times the hoop strain as the strain is same in all directions because sphere is same about all the axes. (Option 4)

Calculation:

Given:

P = 10 MPa; t = 25 mm; d = 500 mm; E = 20 GPa; μ = 0.3;

Now

ϵV = 3 × ϵH = 3 × 1.75 × 10-4 = 5.25 × 10-4

Due to symmetricity the strain of the sphere in all directions is same.

Concept:

P_absolute = P_atmospheric + P_gauge

The pressure at any point in a static fluid is obtained by Hydro-static law which is given by-

∴ P = -ρgz

P increases when we go down (z negative) and decreases when we go up (z positive).

where P = pressure above atmospheric pressure and h = height of the point from the free surface.

Calculation:

Given:

P_atmospheric = 10.144 N/cm2, h = 3 km ⇒ 3000 m, ρ_air = 1.2 kg/m3, g = 9.81 m/s ²

P_gauge = -ρgz

P_gauge = -(1.2 × 9.81 × 3000) = - 35316 N/m² = - 3.53 N/cm²

Pabsolute = Patmospheric + Pgauge

Pabsolute = 10.144 - 3.53 = 6.612 N/cm2

The following points should be remembered while handling the total station:

• The instrument should be protected from excessive vibration.
• It shall be removed from the case by both hands. Generally, the instrument is equipped with a carrying handle; Use one hand to grip the handle and the other to support the base.
• If it is wet, the total station should be thoroughly wiped before placing it in the carrying case.
• While traveling from one station to another, the total station should not be taken in a position on the tripod stand.
• The total station and others should be dismantled and re-cased for transportation of new points. They should be not carried openly to the new point.
• While traveling, the total station should not be carried on its tripod.
• The instruments should be protected from moisture as much as possible.
• The instrument should be turned off prior to removing the battery.
• Battery must be removed from the instrument before placing it in the carrying case.
• The instrument should not be used for solar observation unless it has a solar filter, otherwise, it will destroy the EDM instrument and also be harmful to the observer’s eye.
• After fieldwork, the total station should be placed directly in its carrying case after releasing the locking mechanism.

Dilatancy correction:

It is to be applied when N’ obtained after overburden correction, exceeds 15 in saturated fine sands and silts. IS: 2131-1981 incorporates the Terzaghi and Peck recommended dilatancy correction (when N’ > 15) using the equation

Given,

N value = 33

Corrected value for dilatancy is

N'' = 15 + 9 = 24

∴ Corrected value N'' = 24

Concept:

Live load:

As per IS: 875, Part 2 specifies the following Live loads:

For roof membrane sheets or purlins: 0.75 kN/m2 less 0.02 kN/m2 for every degree increase in slope over 10° subject to a minimum of 0.4 kN/m2.

Calculation:

Given data,

Access is not provided to the roof and the slope = 15°

So, in this case

The live load for the sloping roof is

LL = 0.75 – (15 – 10) × 0.02 = 0.65 kN/m2

Center of mass:

• The Centre of mass of a body or system of a particle is defined as, a point at which the whole of the mass of the body or all the masses of a system of particles appeared to be concentrated.

COM for the given fig:

We know that

Where A₁ = Area of triangular section (Base = h, height = a - b) = ,

xc1 = Centroid distance from B = ,

A2 = Area of rectangular section (Base = h, height = b) = ,

A2 = Area of rectangular section (Base = h, height = b) = ,

xc2 = Centroid distance from B =

Calculation:

By simplifying the above equation, we can get

Shear centre:

The shear centre is the point through which if the resultant shear force acts then the member is subjected to simple bending without twisting.

Location of shear centre:

(i) Shear centre generally does not coincide with the centroid of section except in special cases when the area is symmetrical bout both axis.

(ii) Shear centre always lies on the axis of symmetry if exists.

(iii) If there are two or more two axis of symmetry exist, then the shear center will coincide with the point of intersection of the axis of symmetry. In this case shear centre of the area will be the same as the centroid of the area.

(iv) If a section is made of two narrow rectangles then the shear center lies on the junction of both rectangles.

Concept:

Role of ϕ-index in rainfall

If rainfall is less than ϕ-index then, the infiltration rate is given as

Infiltration rate = Rainfall rate

If rainfall is greater than ϕ-index then, the infiltration rate is given as

Infiltration rate = ϕ-index

That means, above the infiltration rate

Excess rainfall = Runoff

Calculation:

Given,

Catchment area = 250 km²

Rainfall depths are 6.2 cm and 5.0 cm in successive 2 hr periods

∴ Rainfall depths in 1 hr period are 6.2/2 = 3.1 cm/hr and 5/2 = 2.5 cm/hr

ϕ-index = 1.2 cm/hour

Runoff depth = (3.1 - 1.2) × 2 + (2.5 - 1.2) × 2 = 3.8 + 2.6 = 6.4 cm

Runoff volume = Runoff Dept × Area of catchment

Runoff volume = 6.4 × 10^-2 × 250 × 10⁶ = 1600 × 10⁴ = 1600 ha.m

Hence the runoff volume in ha-m is 1600 ha.m

Depth of exploration: Depth up to which the increase in pressure due to structural loading is likely to cause perceptible settlement or shear failure is known as the significant depth.

It depends upon the type of structure, its weight, size, shape and disposition of the loaded areas, and the soil profile and its properties.

It is about the depth up to a level at which the net increase in vertical pressure becomes less than 10% of the initial overburden pressure. Sometimes it is also depth for which a pressure bulb bounded by an isobar of one-fifth or one-tenth of the surface loading intensity.

Concept:

Soil classification:

Here,

Cu - Coefficient of uniformity

Cc - Coefficient of curvature

Explanation:

Given,

More than half of the coarse fraction > 4.75 mm IS sieve → GW

Solution:

Following are guidelines and provisions for regulating and preventing fire in Indian buildings by NBC

• A building 15 meters above the ground level or exceeding three storeys is considered a high-rise structure and must obtain a certificate of approval from the Director of Fire Force or an officer authorized by him before commencing the construction of any such structure.
• Each floor of the building should have two staircase exits for faster evacuation during a fire.
• Massive static water storage in the form of underground water should be made available in the buildings at the rate of 1,000 liters per minute. Automatic sprinklers should also be installed in the basements used for car parking or storage occupancy exceeding 200 meters.
• Every building with a height of more than 25 meters should have diesel generators which can be used for controlling fire in the case of power failure.

Provision of lifts:

• Provision of the lifts shall be made for all multi-storeyed buildings having a height of 15.0 m. and above.
• All the floors shall be accessible for 24 hrs. by lift.
• The lift provided in the buildings shall not be considered as a means of escape in case of emergency.
• A grounding switch at ground floor level to enable the fire service to ground the
• lift car in case of emergency shall also be provided.
• The lifts machine room shall be separate and no other machinery be installed in it

The bending moment diagram shows the variation of bending moment along the length of the beam.

The point of contra flexure is defined as a point where the bending moment changes its sign from positive to negative and vice-versa.

There is a sudden change in the bending moment diagram i.e. from positive to negative when there is a concentrated moment acting on a point.

Similarly, if the uniformly distributed load is acting on the beam, the BMD becomes parabolic (2°)

If equal and opposite moments are acting on supports the BMD becomes a rectangle.

Bending Stress:

It is a more specific type of Normal Stress. It is the ratio of the Bending moment at a cross-section to the section modulus.

σ =

where, σ = Bending Stress, M = Bending Moment,

y = vertical distance away from the Neutral Axis, I = Moment of Inertia about the Neutral Axis, Z = Section Modulus it is given by,

Flexural strength is proportional to the sectional modulus of beams.

Z_NA =

1.) Bending Stress for square cross-section simply supported beam with sides horizontal is given by,

σ =

And Section Modulus is given by,

(Z_NA)₁ =

2.) Bending Stress for the square cross-section with one diagonal placed horizontally is given by,

σ₁ =

And the Section Modulus for a simply supported beam with the diagonal horizontal is given by,

(Z_NA)₂ =

Therefore the ratio of their section modulus is given by

Concept

Balancing of errors: The process of adjusting the latitudes and departures to make the algebraic sum of latitudes or departures to zero is called the balancing of errors.

Bowditch rule (Compass rule)/Compass rule:

It is most commonly adopted when angular measurement and linear measurement both are nearly of same precision.

The correction is considered directly proportional to the length of the side.

By Bowditch rule Correction to a particular line is given by

Where CL, CD is corrections in latitude and longitude for a line.

Correction for Latitude/Departure = Total error in Latitude/Departure ×

Calculation: