ESE (CE) Paper I Mock Test - 2 - Civil Engineering (CE) MCQ

Quality can be understood by breaking a product or service down into a number of individual features or characteristics. Quality principles are being widely applied not just to products, but also to services and processes. The basic quality characteristics of the product are sensory characteristics, structural characteristics, statistical characteristics and time oriented characteristics.

Sensory quality involves an evaluation like taste, smell, appearance, and texture, among other attributes, structural quality covers factors such as, group size and staff training/education, statistical quality control covers control charts and time oriented characteristics covers improvement on product over time. 

Hence the correct option is (A).

A valence electron is an electron that is associated with an atom, and that can participate in the formation of a chemical bond; in a single covalent bond, both atoms in the bond contribute one valence electron in order to form a shared pair.

The statement, "Valence orbit electrons are tightly bound to nucleus due to very strong attraction force" is wrong as valence orbit electrons are the outermost orbit electrons so attraction force of nucleus is minimum. First orbit electrons possess lowest amount of energy. 

Given, 
The point (2, 3) and slope of the line is 2
By, slope-intercept formula,
y - 3 = 2(x - 2)
⇒ y - 3 = 2x - 4
⇒ 2x - 4 - y + 3 = 0
⇒ 2x - y - 1 = 0

A distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attack is a malicious attempt to disrupt the normal traffic of a targeted server, service, or network by overwhelming the target or its surrounding infrastructure with a flood of Internet traffic.

The virus is a computer program that attached itself to legitimate programs and files without the permission of the user.

A Trojan horse is a program that allows the attack to control the user’s computer from a remote location.

Cracking is when someone performs a security hack for criminal or malicious reasons, and the person is called a “cracker.”

Given,
The distance of the point (k + 2, 2k + 3) from the line x + 3y = 7 is .

Let P = (k + 2, 2k + 3) 
⇒ x₁ = k + 2 and y₁ = 2k + 3
Here,  a = 1 and b = 3
Now substitute x₁ = k + 2 and y₁ = 2k + 3 in the equation x + 3y - 7 = 0 we get,

As we know that, the perpendicular distance d from P (x₁, y₁) to the line ax + by + c = 0 is given by:

The Annual Mass Drug Administration Campaign in Uttar Pradesh aims to eliminate filariasis from the state by 2027, with a focused effort in 17 filariasis-endemic districts through door-to-door visits to administer preventive medication.

Given,
1 + cos α + i sin α

Let

Equating real and imaginary parts, we get

Squaring and adding and , we get

Primary green house gases are methane, water vapour, nitrous oxide and ozone. Carbon dioxide makes up the vast majority of greenhouse gas emissions from the sector, but smaller amounts of methane and nitrous oxide are also emitted. These gases are released during the combustion of fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and natural gas, to produce electricity. Water vapour is also an effective greenhouse gas, as it does absorb longwave radiation and radiates it back to the surface, thus contributing to warming. When compared to other greenhouse gases, water vapour stays in the atmosphere for a much shorter period of time.

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an organization of 189 countries, working to foster global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate international trade, promote high employment and sustainable economic growth, and reduce poverty around the world. Created in 1945, the IMF is governed by and accountable to the 189 countries that make up its near-global membership.

The IMF's primary purpose is to ensure the stability of the international monetary system – the system of exchange rates and international payments that enables countries (and their citizens) to transact with each other.

The Fund's mandate was updated in 2012 to include all macroeconomic and financial sector issues that bear on global stability.

Given,

Taking

Given:
SI = Rs 3800 and T = 6
We know that,

P =  Principal, R =  Rate, T = Time

Let the rate be r%.

According to the question,

Now, the rate of interest is increased by 8%
New rate = (r + 8) 

Interest

⇒ Interest

Here, two variables are unknown in one equation so we cannot determine the solution.

Ankur Gupta, an assistant chemical and biological engineering professor at the University of Colorado Boulder, has unveiled a groundbreaking technology that can charge an electric vehicle (EV) in just 10 minutes and a laptop or phone in just a minute. His research, published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences journal, represents a significant advancement in charging technology, promising faster and more efficient charging solutions for various electronic devices.

Let

The singular points of are , both lies inside ' '. 

By Cauchy"s integral formula,

Foreign Exchange Management Act replacing FERA came into force with effect from 1^st June 2000.

FEMA has been introduced as a replacement for FERA, as the Act could not survive the post-liberalization policies. 

The Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999 (FEMA), is an Act of the Parliament of India "to consolidate and amend the law relating to foreign exchange with the objective of facilitating external trade and payments and for promoting the orderly development and maintenance of foreign exchange market in India". It was passed on the 29th of December 1999 in parliament, replacing the Foreign Exchange Regulation Act (FERA). This act makes offenses related to foreign exchange civil offenses. It extends to the whole of India, replacing FERA, which had become incompatible with the pro-liberalization policies of the Government of India. It enabled a new foreign exchange management regime consistent with the emerging framework of the World Trade Organization (WTO).

A computer virus is a type of malicious code or program written to change the way a computer operates.

• It is designed to spread from one computer to another.
• A virus operates by inserting or attaching itself to a legitimate program or document that supports macros in order to execute its code.
• In the process, a virus has the potential to cause unexpected or damaging effects, such as harming the system software by corrupting or destroying data.

Fundamentally, both refinancing and restructuring are debt reorganization processes taken to strengthen a person or a company’s financial outlook.

Debt refinancing refers to initiating a new contract, often at better terms than a previous one, to pay off a loan. Therefore, statement 1 is correct.

Debt restructuring is a more extreme option taken when debtors are at risk of defaulting and negotiate to alter the existing contract. Therefore, statement 2 is correct.

Debt Refinancing:

• In debt refinancing, a borrower applies for a new loan or debt instrument that has better terms than a previous contract and can be used to pay down the previous obligation.
• An example of a refinancing would be applying for a new, cheaper loan and using the proceeds from that loan to pay off the liabilities from an existing loan. Refinancing is used more liberally than restructuring because it is a quicker process, easier to qualify for and impacts credit score positively since payment history will reflect the original loan being paid off.

Debt Restructuring:

• For more dire situations, borrowers can turn to debt restructuring. At the most basic level, restructuring refers to altering an already existing contract (versus refinancing which starts with a new contract).
• An example of a typical restructuring would be lengthening the due date for the principal payment on a debt contract or modifying the frequencies of interest payments.
• Restructuring occurs mostly in special circumstances, where borrowers are deemed financially unstable and are unable to meet debt obligations. Restructuring can also negatively affect your credit score, which is why it is a last-ditch strategy.
• In debt restructuring, the borrowing party must negotiate with the creditor to create a situation where both parties are better off.

Solid material chemical bonds are ionic, covalent bond and metallic bond.

The atoms and molecules are held together by strong mutual forces of attraction. These interatomic forces are electrostatic in nature and depend upon the electronic structure of the element. Binding forces between atoms and molecules are known as chemical bonds. 

lonic bond is the strong electrostatic attraction between cation and anion. Covalent bonds are one in which there is a sharing of one or more electrons from the adjacent atoms. A metallic bond is formed by the partial sharing of valence electrons by the neighbouring atoms. The atoms in metals and alloys are held together by such bonds.

• The criteria for achieving and sustaining professional status or professionalism are advanced expertise, self regulation, and public good. The expertise includes sophisticated skills and theoretical knowledge in exercising judgment. This means a professional should analyze the problem in specific known area, in an objective manner. 
• One should analyze the problem independent of self-interest and direct to a decision towards the best interest of the clients/customers. An autonomous judgment (unbiased and on merits only) is expected. In such situations, the codes of conduct of professional societies are followed as guidance. 
• One should not be a mere paid employee of an individual or a teaching college or manufacturing organization, to execute whatever the employer wants one to do. The job should be recognized by the public. The concerted efforts in the job should be towards promotion of the welfare, safety, and health of the public.

Statement 1:

To encourage the adoption of solar energy production, many State Governments and the Centre have announced plans by way of buy back as well as subsidies for installation.

Statement 2:

A simple rule of thumb is to take 100 sqft for every 1kW of solar panels. Extrapolating this, a 1 MW solar PV power plant should require about 100000 sqft (about 2.5 acres, or 1 hectare).

So, we need a large area for solar energy production and the land acquisition is necessary for this purpose which is a major bottleneck.

Statement 3:

The capital cost of solar power plant is very high as the cost of solar panels is high. Considerable R & D effort is needed to bring down the cost of P - V cells.

Average of A, B, C, D and E is 40 years.

So, (A+B+C+C+E)/5 = 40

 A+B+C+D+E=200 
 A+B=70 
 C+D=84 
 E=200-70-84 
 E=200-154 
 E=46
So, The age of E is 46 years.

Ethics is that branch of philosophy that deals with morality. An engineer with ethics is a person who is expected to possess the moral integrity with rich ethical values. The ethics are mainly divided into two categories depending upon the morality of humanity. 

They are:

• The Consequential ethics are values the outcome of which determine the morality behind a particular action. A lie which saves a life, comes under this.
• The non-consequential ethics are values followed where the source of morality comes from the standard values. The moral law which states that a lie is a lie, and shouldn’t be done, though it ends in a good deed can be taken as an example of non-consequential ethics.

Maharashtra was officially formed as a separate state on May 1st, 1960, which is celebrated annually as Maharashtra Day or Maharashtra Diwas. This date marks the division of the former Bombay Presidency into Maharashtra and Gujarat following the States Reorganisation Act of 1956, which aimed to create states based on linguistic boundaries. It holds immense cultural significance for the Marathi people, symbolizing their unity, resilience, and heritage.

Ozone is formed throughout the atmosphere in multistep chemical processes that require sunlight. In the stratosphere, the process begins with an oxygen molecule (O₂) being broken apart by ultraviolet radiation from the Sun. In the lower atmosphere (troposphere), ozone is formed by a different set of chemical reactions that involve naturally occurring gases and those from pollution sources. Ozone abundances in the stratosphere and troposphere are determined by the balance between chemical processes that produce and destroy ozone. The balance is determined by the amounts of reactive gases and how the rate or effectiveness of the various reactions varies with sunlight intensity, location in the atmosphere, temperature, and other factors. As atmospheric conditions change to favour ozone-producing reactions in a certain location, ozone abundances increase. Similarly, if conditions change to favour other reactions that destroy ozone, abundances decrease. Global ozone has decreased during the past several decades because the amounts of reactive gases containing chlorine and bromine have increased in the stratosphere due to human activities.

Importance of ozone:

• The ozone layer acts as a filter for the shorter wavelength and highly hazardous ultraviolet radiation (UVR) from the sun, protecting life on Earth from its potentially harmful effects.
• When the sky is clear, there is an inverse relationship between stratospheric ozone and solar UVR measured at the Earth’s surface. That is, the lower the ozone levels, the higher the solar UVR.

Formula Used:

When two successive discounts of x% and Y% are offered on a product, total discount  = ((x+y-xy)/100)%

Also, when the price is marked p\% above cost price and sold at a discount of q%, profit % = ((p-q-pq)/100)%

Now,

Store A marked the price 50% above CP \& sold at successive discounts of 15% and 10%,

⇒ Total discount offered by store A = (15+10-150)/100 = 25-1.5 = 23.5%

⇒ Profit % of store A = (50-23.5 - 1175)/100 = 50- 35.25 = 14.75% 

Similarly,

Store B marked the price 60% above CP \& sold at successive discounts of 15% and 12%,

⇒ Total discount offered by store B = (15+12-180)/100 = 27-1.8 = 25.2%

⇒ Profit % of store B = (6-25.2 - 1512)/100  = 60-40.32 = 19.68%

But, the customer has to pay Rs. 986 more at store B,

⇒ Profit of store B - Profit of store A = 986

⇒ (19.68 - 14.75%) of Cost price of product =986

⇒ of Cost price of product = 986

⇒ Cost price of product  = 98600/4.93 = Rs 20000

∴ The stores bought the product from the company for Rs 20000.

The current account records exports and imports in goods and services and transfer payments. Trade-in services denoted as invisible trade includes both factor income (payment for inputs-investment income, that is, the interest, profits and dividends on our assets abroad minus the income foreigners earn on assets they own in India) and non-factor income (shipping, banking, insurance, tourism, software services, etc.).

• CAD rises/widens when the value of goods and services a country imports exceeds the value of goods and services it exports. Reducing export subsidy can hamper the growth of exports and thus widen the current account deficit. So, statement 2 is correct.
• One of the objectives of enforcing import quota is to reduce the balance of payments deficit by restricting imports. That portion of national income going into imports can be utilised for investment in the import substitution or export industries. The expansion in exports, coupled with the restriction of imports is likely to bring about improvement in the balance of payments position of the country. So, statement 3 is not correct.
• India is one of the biggest importers of crude oil. A rise in crude oil prices indicates rising imports and thus CAD widens. So, statement 1 is correct.
• ECBs are borrowings raised by permitted resident entities from recognized non-resident entities. Therefore, ECBs would lead to capital inflow which would in turn reduce CAD. So statement 4 is not correct.

Business Environment:

• The term ‘business environment’ means the sum total of all individuals, institutions, and other forces that are outside the control of a business enterprise but that may affect its performance. The economic, social, political, technological, and other forces, which operate outside the business enterprise are part of its environment.
• It is important for business organizations to understand their environment because of the following reasons:
• It Helps the Firm to Identify Threats and Early Warning Signals 
• It Helps in Coping with Rapid Changes
• It Helps in Assisting in Planning and Policy Formulation

• An embedded system is a microprocessor-based computer hardware system with software that is designed to perform a dedicated function, either as an independent system or as a part of a large system.
• At the core is an integrated circuit designed to carry out computation for real-time operations.
• Embedded systems are managed by microcontrollers or digital signal processors (DSP), application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA), GPU technology, and gate arrays.
• These processing systems are integrated with components dedicated to handling electric and/or mechanical interfacing.
• Some examples of embedded systems are MP3 players, mobile phones, video game consoles, digital cameras, DVD players, and GPS.

PhonePe, a prominent digital payments platform, has partnered with Star Health Insurance to provide the Star Comprehensive Insurance Policy on its app. 

Given:

Sum of two numbers  = 2750

If the first number increases by 10% and second number increases by 20%, then their sum becomes 3170 .

Let the first number =x

⇒ second number = 2750 - x 

According to the question:

1.1x + 1.2(2750 - x) = 3170

⇒ -0.1x + 3300 = 3170
⇒  0.1x = 130

⇒ x = 1300 (1st number)

By putting the value of x we get,
⇒  2750 - 1300 = 1450

⇒  1450 is the second number.

Difference between the numbers = 1450 - 1300 = 150

The materials which show direction dependent properties are called Anisotropic materials. Anisotropic materials are direction-dependent mediums that are made up of unsymmetrical crystalline structures. In other words, the mechanical properties of anisotropic materials depend on the orientation of the material's body.

Homogeneous material are those which have same properties at all points.

Isotropic materials are those which have same elastic properties in all direction.

Viscoelastic materials are those which have liquid and a solid material properties, and also has a time-dependent strain.