English & General Awareness - 2 - SSC CGL MCQ

The correct answer is 'Option 2' i.e. 'Dull'.

Key Points

• The word "Dreary" means dull, bleak, and lifeless; depressing.(उदासीन)
• Dull - It refers to something that lacks interest or excitement.(नीरस)

Therefore, the correct answer is: 'Dull'.

Additional Information

• Now, looking at the given options:
  • Faith - Faith generally refers to complete trust or confidence in someone or something. (विश्वास).
  • Superstitious - This term refers to a belief or practice resulting from ignorance, fear of the unknown, trust in magic or chance, or a false conception of causation.(अंधविश्वासी).
  • Active - Active refers to being engaged in action or marked by full involvement or participation.(सक्रिय).

The correct answer is '​doesn't like to do things.

Key Points

• In the given sentence, the use of 'to doing' is incorrect.
• We have to choose between an infinitive (like to do) or a gerund (like doing).
• We will use gerund(like +ing) form when we enjoy something.
• We will use the infinitive (like + to do) when it is our habit or something that (although not enjoyable) we will consider convenient, helpful, and appropriate.
• In the above sentence 'does not like to do' will be the correction to make the sentence grammatically correct.
• Therefore, the correct answer is option 3.

The correct answer is - "will have attended"

Key Points

• From the given options, the most appropriate answer is "will have attended".
• By tomorrow shows that speaker (I) will have finished watching movie.
• Speaker speak the given sentence in present so it will become a Future Perfect Tense.
  • Structure of Future Perfect Continuous Tense - Sub + shall/will + have + V3+ obj +for/ from+time
  • Eg. He will have watered the plants by the time you reach home.
• In this way, Option 3 is correct option.

The correct answer is Option 1. i.e. Perturbation

Key Points

• The correctly spelt word is Perturbation. (व्याकुलता)
  • Example: The news of the disaster caused great perturbation among the community members.
• Perturbation means anxiety; mental uneasiness. (चिंता)

Therefore, the correct answer is- Option 1.

Additional Information

• Pertuberation, Pertubation, and Pertuebation are all incorrect spellings of the word Perturbation.

The correct answer is 'Scuttle'.

Key Points

• The most appropriate synonym of the given word 'Bustle' is 'Scuttle'.
• Let's look at the meaning and examples of the words given in the Options:

• Therefore, as per the points mentioned above, we find that the correct answer is Option 2.

आइए दिए गए शब्दों के अर्थ देखें:

The correct spelling is 'conscientious'.

Key Points

• Option 1, 2 and 3 are all wrong spellings.
• Conscientious- (used about people) careful to do something correctly and well (व्‍यक्ति) ईमानदार, कर्तव्यनिष्‍ठ
• Example- Alex was conscientious and he would never ask his employees to do anything he wouldn't do.
• Hence, the correct answer is option 4.

The correct answer is “About 30 per cent of India's freshwater resources and 40 per cent of its total hydroelectric potential."

Key Points

• Option '2' is correct, this answer is mentioned in the second line of the second paragraph.
• Refer to: “….The river accounts for about 30 per cent of India's freshwater resources and 40 per cent of its total hydroelectric potential.........…." In this context, option ‘2’ is the correct answer.
• Options ‘1,’ ‘3’ and ‘4’ is incorrect as they have not been mentioned anywhere in the passage.

Hence, the correct answer is “About 30 per cent of India's freshwater resources and 40 per cent of its total hydroelectric potential.”

The correct answer is “Media reports show China will build a hydroelectric dam that is 50 metres high.”

Key Points

• Option '4' is correct, this answer is mentioned in the second and third lines of the passage.
• Refer to: “….Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR) government, Power Construction Corporation of China (PowerChina), will build a 50-meter-high hydroelectric dam at the great bend of the Brahmaputra in.....…." In this context, option ‘4’ is the correct answer.
• There is no evidence in the passage to accept options ‘1,’ ‘2’ and ‘3’ as the correct answers.

Hence, the correct answer is “Media reports show China will build a hydroelectric dam that is 50 metres high.”

The correct answer is: For instance

Key Points

• Let's look at the usage of the given words.
  • 'For instance' is used especially as an example of something that happens generally.
  • 'Therefore' is used as a result; because of that; for that reason.
  • 'In addition' is used as an extra piece of information.
  • 'Likewise' is used in the same way or manner; similarly.
• The implied meaning of the sentence is: "For example, the majority of people in nations with high vaccination rates have never directly encountered the sickness that vaccines can prevent."
• So, as per the usage of the given words "For instance" is the most appropriate option.

Therefore, the correct answer is option 1.

Complete passage: Claims have been made that vaccines are responsible for certain (1) adverse health conditions, particularly autism, speech disorders, and inflammatory bowel disease. Some of those claims focused on thimerosal, a mercury-containing compound used as a preservative in vaccines. Some people believed that autism (2) was a form of mercury poisoning, caused specifically by thimerosal in childhood vaccines. Those claims have been discredited. Still, misinformation and fear generated by false claims about associations (3) between autism and vaccines had a significant impact on individuals’ perceptions about vaccine safety. (4) for instance, most individuals in countries where vaccination is widespread have never personally experienced the vaccine-preventable disease. Thus, the focus of concern for some people shifted from the negative effects of the vaccine-preventable disease to the possible negative effects of the vaccines (5)__________.

The correct answer is: themselves.

Key Points

• Let's look at the usage of the given reflexive pronouns.
• A reflexive pronoun is a pronoun used as an object that refers to the same person or thing as the subject.
  • 'Themselves' is used as the object of a verb or preposition to refer to a group of people or things previously mentioned as the subject of the clause.
  • 'Yourself' is used to refer to the person being addressed as the object of a verb or preposition when they are also the subject of the clause.
  • 'Ourselves' is used as the object of a verb or preposition when this is the same as the subject of the clause and the subject is the speaker and one or more other people considered together.
  • 'Itself' is used as the object of a verb or preposition to refer to a thing or animal previously mentioned as the subject of the clause.
• Since 'themselves' is an empathetic pronoun, it has the same connotations as "vaccines". "themselves" refer to the "vaccines" in this context.
• So, as per the usage of the given pronouns "themselves" is the most appropriate option.

Therefore, the correct answer is option 1.

Complete passage: Claims have been made that vaccines are responsible for certain (1) adverse health conditions, particularly autism, speech disorders, and inflammatory bowel disease. Some of those claims focused on thimerosal, a mercury-containing compound used as a preservative in vaccines. Some people believed that autism (2) was a form of mercury poisoning, caused specifically by thimerosal in childhood vaccines. Those claims have been discredited. Still, misinformation and fear generated by false claims about associations (3) between autism and vaccines had a significant impact on individuals’ perceptions about vaccine safety. (4) for instance, most individuals in countries where vaccination is widespread have never personally experienced the vaccine-preventable disease. Thus, the focus of concern for some people shifted from the negative effects of the vaccine-preventable disease to the possible negative effects of the vaccines (5) themselves.

The correct answer is "QPRS"

Key Points

• Let's find the introductory part of the sentence.
• Part Q starts with the noun "the council." It will be the introductory part, as no other parts start with a noun.
• Part Q ends in thankful, which will take the preposition "to."
• Part P starts with the preposition "to," so it will come next.
• Part R states why the "Survey of India" is thankful (for the certification of maps).
• Part S completes Part R (for certification of maps given in the textbook).

Hence, the correct sentence is "The Council is thankful to the Survey of India for certification of maps given in the textbook. "

The correct answer is "right".

Key Points

• The correct sentence: He is always right in his choices.
• Right - correct or true, exactly.
• Example - I am always right.
• The best-suited option in this question is 'right'.

Additional Information

• Rite - A ceremony performed by a particular group of people, often for religious purposes.
  • Example: He performed his father's last rites yesterday.
• Write - To make words, or letters on paper using a pen or pencil.
  • Example: I am writing a letter to my friend.
• Writ - A legal order to do or not to do something.
  • Example: They filed a writ against their families.

The original sentence is erroneous.
Reasons:
1. There is an indefinite article ‘a’ used with the plural noun ‘varieties.’ Either the article shall be removed or the noun shall be changed to its singular form.
Ex. He played a game on his phone.
Ex. He likes to play games on his laptop. 
2. The usage of ‘condition’ is incorrect as it does not agree in number with other words in the sentence. Thus, it shall be replaced with its plural form i.e. ‘conditions.’
Ex. Each of this task will be performed by a different person. (Incorrect)
Ex. Each of these tasks will be performed by different a person. (Correct)
Among the given options, only option B replaces the bold part most appropriately.
Correct Sentence:
The study showed that enzymes also work under a variety of conditions and in different food processes.
Option B is hence the correct answer.

In the given sentence, error is in option A.
‘Descent’ means ‘downward motion’ whereas ‘dissent’ means ‘difference of opinion.’
The sentence here would mean that her difference of opinion from her family’s religious beliefs caused a lot of ill-feeling.
The use of ‘dissent’ should be done here instead of ‘descent.’
Hence, option A is the correct answer.

The given words can be defined as:
Problem: a matter or situation regarded as unwelcome or harmful and needing to be dealt with and overcome
Dilemma: a situation in which a difficult choice has to be made between two or more alternatives, especially ones that are equally undesirable
Impasse a situation in which no progress is possible, especially because of disagreement
Stickler: a person who insists on a certain quality or type of behaviour
In the given context, histamine, when not broken down properly can lead to a problem.
Hence, option A is the correct answer.

“In an appraisal note examining the privatisation process, the finance ministry’s department of economic affairs had suggested the incorporation of a clause that “not more than two airports will be awarded to the same bidder” since “these six airports’ projects are highly capital-intensive projects”.”
The Adani Group controls six airports, instead of just two, as written in guidelines of the finance ministry and the Niti Aayog.
Option A is hence the correct answer.

Yardstick competition is a form of incentive regulation, and this form of regulation implies that the regulator is placing similar firms in competition with each other about their cost levels. In implementing yardstick competition, the regulator employs the cost levels of comparable firms to design a regulated price.
In the given context, if similar firms control airports, they will compete with each to be prove themselves the best. This will result in a higher standard of operations.
Option B is hence the correct answer.

“The Niti Aayog had concerns of its own. In a memo, the government think tank’s private-public-partnership section questioned the rationale of prior technical experience not being mandatory.”
The Niti Aayog is mentioned just before the sentence that first introduces the term “government think tank”. It can be concluded that “government think tank” refers to the Niti Aayog.
Option B is hence the correct answer.

In the given sentence, error is in option C.
Replace ‘tropical’ with ‘topical.’
‘Tropical’ means ‘with hot climate’ whereas ‘topical’ means ‘related to present time.’
The sentence here would mean that the weekly magazine’s aim was to discuss current issues going across the world.
Hence, option C is the correct answer.

The correct answer is option A. The correct word to fill in the blank is ‘diabolical.’
Diabolical : evil
Gregarious : friendly
Grub : work very hard
Bounteous : abundant
The sentence here would mean that his character in the play was an evil antagonist who sought to ruin the protagonist’s life.
Hence, option A is the correct answer.

The correct answer is 1, 2, and 3.

Key Points

Gupta Dynasty:

• The founder of the Gupta dynasty was Sri Gupta.
• He was succeeded by Ghatotkacha. These two were called Maharajas.
• The next ruler was Chandragupta I and he was the first to be called Maharajadhiraja.
• Chandragupta, I was succeeded by Samudragupta in about 330 A.D., who reigned for about fifty years.
• Chandra Gupta I married Lichchavi princess Kumaradevi and started a matrimonial alliance that helps him to control the portion of Bihar and Nepal.
• Samudragupta was the son of Chandra Gupta I and Lichchavi princess Kumaradevi, hence known as Lichavi Dauhitra. Hence statement 3 is correct.
• Samudragupta was a great military genius and is said to have commanded a military campaign across the Deccan, and also subdued the forest tribes of the Vindhya region.
• Hence, he was known as Nepolean of India. Hence statement 1 is correct.
• Much information related to Samudragupta is known from a long inscription, inscribed on the Ashokan pillar at Allahabad (now Prayagraj).
• It was composed as a Kavya by Harisena, who was a poet and a minister at the court of Samudragupta.
• This inscription is of a special kind known as a Prashasti, meaning 'in praise of.
• According to Allahabad Prasasti's exaggerated picture, SamudraGupta was a mano of many-sided genius, who put to shame the preceptor of the lord Gods and Tumburu and Narad and others by his sharp and polished intellect and Chorla -skill and musical accomplishment.
• His title of Kaviraj (King of poets) is justified by various poetical compositions. Hence statement 2 is correct.

The correct answer is Article 21.

Key Points

• Article 21- Protection of Life And Personal Liberty
• It states that no person shall be deprived of his life or personal liberty except according to the procedure established by law.
• Through various judgments, the Apex Court provided a list of some rights that are included in Article 21. They are as follows-
  • Right to live with human dignity
  • Right to a decent environment and protection from pollution
  • Right to livelihood
  • Right to privacy
  • Right to shelter
  • Right to health
  • Right to sleep
  • Right to electricity
  • Right to hearing
  • Right to legal aid
  • Right to information
  • Right to travel abroad.

Additional Information

• Article 21 is available for both citizens and non-citizens.
• The right to life and personal liberty can only be deprived by the procedure prescribed by law is reasonable and fair.
• It added the Right to life in Article 21.
• In Puttuswamy vs Union of India judgment, the Supreme court declared the Right to privacy as a fundamental right protected under Article 21 of the Indian Constitution.

The correct answer is Justiciable.

Key Points

• The Fundamental Duties of Indian citizens were not part of the original Constitution. These were introduced later by the 42nd Amendment Act in 1976, based on the recommendations of the Swaran Singh Committee. The duties are listed in Part IVA (Article 51A) of the Indian Constitution.
• Fundamental Duties, as per the Indian Constitution, have been established to promote a sense of respect and responsibility amongst citizens. Importantly, these duties are non-justiciable—they cannot be enforced through legal proceedings. This is in stark contrast with Fundamental Rights, which are enforceable in nature.
• The Fundamental Duties covered under Article 51A are ten in number and they were later expanded to eleven by the 86th Amendment in 2002.
• The Fundamental Rights, outlined in Part III of the constitution from Article 12 to 35, are integral to the Indian Constitution. Drafted by Dr. Ambedkar and the other framers of the Constitution, these rights were derived from the US Bill of Rights, the Irish Constitution, and various other sources. These rights are justiciable, meaning they can be enforced through the courts. If a person feels their Fundamental Rights have been violated, they can directly approach the Supreme Court or High Courts for enforcement or protection of such rights, according to Article 32 and Article 226 of the Constitution respectively.
• Fundamental Duties were not included in this part to maintain a clear demarcation between the rights that are enforceable by law (such as the fundamental rights) and moral obligations or responsibilities (such as the fundamental duties) that are not legally enforceable.

Additional Information
Fundamental Duties (Part IVA: Article 51A):

The correct answer is the Scattering of light.

Key Points

• The blue color of the sky is due to the scattering of light by the atmospheric particles.
• Light of shorter wavelength scatters more than the light of longer wavelengths and the violet color has a shorter wavelength, but our eyes are more sensitive to blue light. Hence, the color of a clear sky is blue.
• 

Additional Information

• Light is scattered by molecules of dust, and water vapor in the air.
• A clear cloudless sky is blue because molecules in the air scatter blue light from the sun more than they scatter red light.
• When we look towards the sun at sunset, we see red and orange colors because the blue light has been scattered out and away from the line of sight.
• Dispersion: The white light gets split into constituent "VIBGYOR".
• Interference: The change in waveform because of the superimposition of two or more light waves.

The correct pair is Diwan-i-Bandagani--Feroz Shah Tughlaq.

Key Points

• Feroz Shah Tughlaq established the Diwan-i-Bandagani department.
• This was a slave-oriented department.
• It was significant since Delhi had a large slave population at the time.
• It was the responsibility of Diwan-i-Bandagan to look after it.
• The officer in charge of this department was the Wakil-i-dar.

• Firoz Shah Tughlaq increased the number of slaves by capturing the defeated soldiers and young persons during the war.

Hence, we can conclude that Diwan-i-Bandagani--Feroz Shah Tughlaq is correctly matched.

Additional Information

• Diwan-i-Mustakhraj
• ​Alauddin Khalji took an important step in land revenue administration- to maintain a large army at a low cost
• Diwan-i-Mustakhraj was introduced to know and collect the revenue arrears.
• It was to realize arrears from collectors.
• Diwan-i-Kohi
• ​It is the Department of agriculture started by Muhammed Tughlaq.
• To improve cultivation in the Doab, the sultan set up a separate agriculture department called diwan-i-amir-kohi.
• The department divided the Doab into development blocs headed by an official who would give loans to farmers and engage them in the cultivation of superior crops.
• Diwan-i-Arz
• ​The military department of the sultanate was called Diwan-i-Arz.
• This was established by Balban.

The correct answer is pole

Key Points

• A curved surface whose reflecting surface is a cut part of a hollow glass sphere is called a spherical mirror.
  • Two types of spherical mirrors are Concave mirrors and Convex mirrors.
• A spherical mirror whose outer surface is reflecting and the inner surface is polished, is called a convex mirror.
• A spherical mirror whose reflecting surface is inwards and whose outer surface is polished is called a concave mirror.
• Pole is the central point of the reflecting surface of the mirror. Hence option 1 is correct.
• 

Additional Information

• The aperture is the diameter of the reflecting surface of a spherical mirror.
• The radius of curvature is the radius of a sphere of which the mirror is a part.
• Focal length is the distance between the principal focus and the pole of the mirror.
• The concave mirror is called a converging mirror and the convex mirror is called a diverging mirror.

The correct answer is to conduct local elections.

Key Points

• The Election Commission of India is a constitutional body under the ownership of the Ministry of Law and Justice.
• Article 324 of the Indian Constitution provides for an independent Election Commission for the 'superintendence, direction and control of the electoral roll and the conduct of elections in India.
• Election Commission of India:
  • issues directions to hold elections
  • control and conduct elections
  • supervise elections
• To assist the Election Commission of India there is a Chief Electoral Officer in every state.
• EC is not responsible for the conduct of local body elections.

Thus, we can say that conducting local elections is not the duty of the Election Commission of India.

Additional Information

• The State Election Commissions conduct the local elections.

Meghdoot is a lyric poem written by Kalidasa, considered to be one of the greatest Sanskrit poets.
Hence, option A is correct.

The instrument for measuring low temperature is called Cryometer.
These are special type thermometer which is used to measure very low temperature.

Hence, Option B is correct.

The Gold Panda is the highest conservation award by the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), the leading global environmental organisation. WWF is an international non-governmental organization founded in 1961, working in the field of the wilderness preservation, and the reduction of humanity’s footprint on the environment.
Hence option B is correct.