EmSAT Biology Mock Test - 1 - EmSAT Achieve MCQ

A detritus food chain begins with dead organic matter. It is made of decomposers which are heterotrophic organism fungi and bacteria.Rhizophora species is a saprophyticheterotrophs.

Primary productivity is the rate at which solar energy is converted and stored by the producers per unit area over a time period. It involves the conversion of solar energy into organic substances by photosynthetic and chemosynthetic autotrophs.

Nerve cell or neuron is the longest cell in human body. They are responsible for transferof information from one part of the body to the other in form of nerve impulses.

The chloroplast consists of a number of organised flattened membranous sacs called the thylakoids,Chlorophyll pigments are present in the thylakoids.

Rough endoplasmic reticulum carry ribosomes on their surface. The ribosomes present on rough endoplasmic reticulum synthesize secretory proteins. The proteins required for internal use of cell are synthesized on cytoplasmic ribosomes.

Figure (i) shows metaphase II and figure (iii) shows telophase II, Hence, the missing figure is that of anphase II.

Line in NCERT: "The stages through which a cell passes from one division to the next is called the cell cycle."

• Gregor Mendel is known as the Father of Genetics.
• He experimented on pea plants and discovered the basic inheritance rules. 

Hence, the correct option is A
NCERT Reference: Topic  MENDEL’S LAWS OF INHERITANCEof chapter "Principles of Inheritance and Variation" of NCERT

Line in NCERT: "Gregor Mendel, conducted hybridisation experiments on garden peas for seven years (1856-1863) and proposed the laws of inheritance in living organisms."

Flavr Savr tomato has thick fruit coat that enhance the self-life of the fruits and do not get spoiled soon. Common Indian tomato have thin coat and easily get destroyed during transportation and handling.

F1 progeny refers to the first generation of offsprings. This is also termed as the first Filial generation, thereby stating their filial relationship with the true-breeding plants.

Enzymes have a particular optimum range of working temperature, below which their activity decreases.

Human belongs to a species of Homo sapiens, where Homo represents genus and sapiens represent specific epithet under the class Mammalia.

Tropical rainforest shows the maximum diversity and also the maximum productivity. More solar energy and resources are available in tropics which promotes higher productivity. On land the maximum primary production rate is found in tropical rainforests followed by tropical deciduous forests, temperate forests, savannah, temperate grasslands and desert scrub.

There are 20 amino acids that make up proteins and all have the same basic structure, differing only in the R-group or side chain they have.

Animal cell do not possess plasmodesmata but it contain ribosomes, centriole andplamalemma. Plasmodesmata is the connection between two plant cells.

M.S. Swaminathan is known as father of green revolution. Green revolution increased the food production about three times the previous one. Use of hybrid seeds, fertilizers and modern method of agriculture results this achievement.

Lamarck theory of organic evolution is also known as inheritance of acquired traits. He believed that the character an individual gain in his life time is also passed to next generation.

Plant cell walls are made of cellulose. Paper made from plant pulp is cellulose.

RNA interference (RNAi) is present in all eukaryotic organisms as a method of cellular defense. This method involves silencing of a specific mRNA due to complementary dsRNA molecules that binds and prevents translation of the mRNA.

First gene therapy was done in 1990 to a 4 year old girl with a ADA deficiency. ADA enzyme is essential for proper functioning of immune system.

• Mendel studied the common garden pea plant, Pisum sativum because it was easy to cultivate and had a relatively short life cycle of 3 months. The plant exhibited discontinuous characteristics such as flower colour and pea texture.
• Owing to its anatomy, it was easy to control the self-pollination of the plant and cross-fertilization between desired parents could be accomplished artificially.
• The presence of pure breeding varieties and easily visible contrasting characters and presence of F₁ fertile hybrids were the additional advantageous characters for which Mendel choose garden pea as experimental material. 

Hence, the correct option is C

Topic in NCERT: MENDEL'S LAWS OF INHERITANCE

Line in NCERT: "Mendel conducted such artificial pollination/cross pollination experiments using several true-breeding pea lines."

When we will move away from the equator towards poles there is a gradual decrease in the species diversity. This is because climatic condition becomes gradually adverse as we move from equator to poles.

ELISA is abbreviation of Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. It is used to detected the disease at early stage.

• In the given cross, passing of disease is from carrier female to male progeny (criss-cross inheritance). Any trait that shows criss-cross inheritance is located on the sex chromosome.
• Presence of a single recessive gene i.e. Xc in carrier individuals (XXC) does not cause the disease, thus the trait is recessive.

Nepenthes (pitcher plant) and Drocera are insectivores plants to compensate for their protein requirement. They have green leaves that perform the photosynthesis process. So, they act as both producers as well as consumers.

In complementary strands of DNA, purines and pyrimidine are held together by Hydrogen bond (H-bond). Adenine and Thymine have double hydrogen bond and cytosine and guanine are held by triple hydrogen bond.

Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium cannot be disturbed by vegetative propagation as the all new offspring are clone of each other having same gene. Migration, genetic drift, mutation and natural selection affect the equilibrium of alleles in a population.

Transferases are enzymes that facilitate the transfer of functional groups from one substrate to another, which is essential for various metabolic processes.

If all members fo a host species die the parasite that obtain their food from the particular host also die off due to lack of food. This represent co-existence of species.

In the ecosystem, the flow of energy takes place in only one direction i.e. from producers to final consumers.
The energy present in one trophic level never returns back to the producer.

Energy flow in our ecosystem:

Code AUG code for Methionine. In all organism first amino acid coded is methionine by codon AUG.