Test: International Human Rights Law - CLAT PG MCQ

The principle of Non-Discrimination is fundamental to International Human Rights Law, ensuring that all individuals are entitled to their rights without any discrimination based on characteristics such as race, sex, or religion. This principle reinforces the idea that human rights are universal and should be accessible to everyone, thereby promoting equality and justice in societies.

The Human Rights Committee is responsible for monitoring state compliance with the ICCPR by reviewing reports submitted by states and assessing their adherence to the treaty's provisions. It plays a crucial role in ensuring accountability and promoting the protection of civil and political rights globally.

The right to education is explicitly protected under the ICESCR, particularly in Article 13, which emphasizes the importance of free primary education and access to higher education. This highlights the treaty's focus on promoting social welfare and the development of individuals through education.

The European Court of Human Rights is the judicial body responsible for enforcing the ECHR. It hears cases brought by individuals, groups, or states alleging violations of the rights set forth in the Convention, thus playing a key role in the protection of human rights in Europe.

The case of Velásquez Rodríguez v. Honduras set a significant precedent by holding the state accountable for its failure to protect the right to life and liberty, particularly in the context of enforced disappearances. This ruling emphasized the obligation of states to prevent such violations and to investigate them thoroughly.

Customary international law consists of practices and norms that have become accepted as legal obligations by states, regardless of whether they have ratified specific treaties. This means that certain fundamental rights, such as the prohibition of torture, are binding on all states due to their widespread recognition as customary law.

Inalienability refers to the concept that human rights are inherent to every individual and cannot be surrendered or taken away by any authority. This principle underscores the intrinsic nature of human rights as fundamental aspects of human dignity that must be upheld at all times.

The case of Soering v. United Kingdom was significant because it established the principle of non-refoulement, meaning that a state cannot extradite an individual to a country where they may face inhumane treatment or a real risk of torture. This ruling has important implications for extradition laws and the protection of human rights in the context of international law.

The Universal Periodic Review (UPR) is a unique process established by the UN Human Rights Council to assess and review the human rights records of all UN member states. It allows for an evaluation of how states are fulfilling their human rights obligations and provides a platform for dialogue and recommendations.

The NHRC plays a crucial role in the enforcement of human rights in India by monitoring and investigating allegations of violations. It has the authority to take suo motu cognizance of issues, conduct inquiries, and make recommendations to the government, thereby promoting accountability and protecting individuals' rights at the national level.