Test: Aids to Health - Class 10 MCQ

The local defense system acts as the body's first line of defense against pathogens, preventing their entry. It includes protective mechanical barriers like skin, hair, and mucus, which collectively work to block harmful microorganisms from entering the body.

Innate immunity refers to the non-specific immune responses that are present at birth, providing immediate defense against a wide range of pathogens. Unlike acquired immunity, it does not adapt or change based on exposure to specific antigens.

White blood cells (WBCs) play a crucial role in the immune response by engulfing and destroying pathogens through a process known as phagocytosis. This action helps eliminate infections and serves as an essential component of the body's defense system.

Mucus acts as a protective barrier by trapping bacteria and other harmful particles, thereby preventing their entry into the body. It is secreted by the epithelial lining of various organs and plays a vital role in respiratory and gastrointestinal health.

Active immunity is characterized by the body producing its own antibodies in response to an infection or vaccine. This type of immunity provides long-lasting protection against specific pathogens.

Antigens are chemical structures found on the surface membranes of germ cells. They trigger an immune response as the body recognizes them as foreign, leading to the production of antibodies.

Antibodies are proteins produced by lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell) and are specific to particular antigens. This specificity allows them to effectively neutralize or eliminate pathogens that the body encounters.

Immunization is the process of developing resistance to disease-causing germs or their toxins by introducing killed or weakened forms of these pathogens into the body, prompting an immune response that protects against future infections.

Lysol (dilute) is classified as an antiseptic. Antiseptics are mild chemicals used to kill or inhibit the growth of germs when applied to living tissues, making them suitable for use on wounds.

Disinfectants are strong chemical agents used to kill germs on surfaces and in environments where pathogens thrive. They are more potent than antiseptics and are not safe for direct application to living tissues.

AIDS is primarily caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), which attacks and weakens the immune system by infecting T-cells. This leads to a reduced ability to fight off infections and diseases.

In the event of a heart attack, the recommended immediate action is to lay the person flat and ensure they have access to fresh air. This helps to reduce stress on the heart while waiting for professional medical assistance.

Mouth-to-mouth resuscitation is a common method used for restoring breathing in an unconscious person. It involves providing breaths to the victim while ensuring their airway is clear, effectively delivering oxygen directly into their lungs.

Antibiotics are substances produced by microorganisms that can kill or inhibit the growth of other microorganisms, particularly bacteria. They have significant applications in treating infections and preserving food.

Hydrochloric acid, secreted by the stomach, plays a crucial role in the immune system by killing germs that may enter the body along with ingested food. This acidic environment helps prevent infections from ingested pathogens.