CG Vyapam Teacher Mock Test - 4 - CG TET MCQ

Failure is the state or condition of not meeting a desirable aim and may be viewed as the opposite of success. There are many cognitive, physical, intellectual, scholastical, emotional, and cultural causes for the failure of students.

Students' failure is defined as the lack of educational success that results in greater education costs as well as social and economic consequences.

Explanation

• Ways to minimize the students' failure-
  • Encourage them- The teacher should encourage children as much as possible and let them work at their own pace.
  • Provide the opportunity for self-reflection- it helps children to discover where they can grow and improve.
  • Making tasks comprehensible for children- It will help children to gain a better understanding of the concept and also boosts engagement.
  • Look for the underlying problem- The teacher should look for the cause of their disinterest in learning tasks and when act accordingly.
  • Helping students to understand the relevance of learning the task.
  • Connecting concepts to real-life situations- The teacher should relate the concept with the everyday experiences of the children so that the children would be more attentive to the topic and it will also generate interest in the concept.

Hence, we conclude that students' failure can be minimized by helping students to understand the relevance of learning the task.

The term ‘development’ refers to qualitative changes in an individual such as changes in personality or other mental and emotional aspects. However, very often growth and development are used interchangeably. The process of development continues even after the individual has attained physical maturity (growth). The individual is continuously changing as he/she interacts with the environment.

Explanation

• The interrelationship between all of these principles is what causes development, which is dependent on many different principles. Development depends on many factors such as heredity, family, and community. The early experiences of children will have an impact on them now and in the future. To develop and learn, children must have their basic needs met, feel safe, and feel valued.
• Physical, behavioral, cognitive, and emotional development and change are all a part of human development, which lasts a lifetime. The early years of life, from infancy to childhood, childhood to adolescence, and adolescence to adulthood, are characterized by enormous change.
  Each person progresses through the process, forming attitudes and values that direct decisions, interactions, and comprehension.
• Child development is influenced by a variety of principles, and it is accomplished through the relationships among all of these principles.
  A child's development is based on their age and is a lifelong process.

As a result, it can be said that (A) and (R) are both true, and (R) is the explanation that (A).

Important Points There are some principles of development, which show the features of development, these are:

• Principle of Continuity: Development follows the principle of continuity which starts with conception and ends with death. It is a never-ending process in life.
• Principle of Individual Differences: It says that every individual is unique in himself/herself as the heredity and environmental factors make him/her different from others.
• Principle of Generality to Specificity: The development process starts with general responses shown by the child as s/he passes through the later stages s/ he starts exhibiting specific behaviors.
• Principle of Interrelation: The development of an individual is reflected through the balanced interrelation of all the aspects of life. Development in any aspect affects the other aspect also.
• Principle of Interaction: The principle of interaction suggests that an individual is the product of heredity and environment. In other words, the interaction takes place within and outside forces of the child.
• Principle of Integration: The principle of Integration refers to the integration of various aspects of development like physical, mental, emotional, social, and moral.
• Principle of Predictability: Development is predictable i.e. with the help of the uniformity of the pattern and sequence of development, we can predict the behavior to a great extent of a child in one or more aspects in a particular stage of her/his growth and development.
• Principle of Sequentiality: It states that every individual although exhibit difference in change, they follow the same sequence of change.

Conducive learning and thinking environment refers to an environment that is free of distraction and disruption. It introduces a new dimension to educational experiences.
Explanation A conducive learning environment could be made more constant and enlivening by allowing students to take some decisions about what and how to learn as it will:

• Promote the child-centered approach to education.
• Get students to focus on you now and then by not keeping slides up for too long.
• Give primacy to children's experiences and needs.
• Allow children to work at their own pace freely and willingly.
• Provide them opportunities to foster their own strategy of learning.

Hence, it becomes clear that allowing students to make some decisions, is appropriate for a conducive environment.

A child always sympathizes with other children, is an emotional habit. Sympathy is an emotional response characterized by feelings of compassion, concern, or sorrow for someone else's situation or emotions. It involves understanding and sharing the emotions of others, which is a key aspect of empathy.

Explanation

• Emotional habits refer to consistent patterns of emotional responses that individuals develop over time. These habits are shaped by a combination of innate tendencies, personal experiences, and social influences. They are deeply ingrained and can have a significant impact on how individuals perceive and interact with the world around them.
• In the case of a child who consistently sympathizes with other children, this emotional habit indicates a natural inclination towards empathy and compassion. Empathy is the ability to understand and share the feelings of others, while compassion involves a genuine concern for their well-being.
• When a child consistently exhibits sympathy towards other children, it suggests that they are attuned to the emotions and experiences of their peers. They may feel deeply moved or affected by the struggles, pain, or sadness that other children may be experiencing. This emotional habit can manifest as a willingness to offer support, comfort, or assistance to those in need.
• Children who possess a strong emotional habit of sympathy often demonstrate traits such as kindness, understanding, and a desire to help others.

In conclusion, a child who consistently sympathizes with other children demonstrates an emotional habit rooted in empathy and compassion. This habit reflects their ability to understand and share the emotions of others, and it plays a crucial role in their social and emotional development.

NVLD stands for Non-verbal learning disabilities.

Explanation

• Non-verbal learning disabilities (NVLD) are a neurological condition that affects the ability to understand non-verbal cues, spatial relationships, and social interactions.
• Individuals with NVLD typically have strong verbal skills but struggle with tasks such as interpreting body language, understanding social nuances, and navigating visual-spatial information.
• This condition is often characterized by difficulties in social skills, organization, problem-solving, and motor coordination.
• It is important to recognize and support individuals with NVLD to help them succeed academically, socially, and emotionally.

Thus, it is concluded that NVLD means Non-verbal learning disabilities.

दिए गए विकल्पों में से 'छाती पर मूँग या कोदो दलना' मुहावरे का सही अर्थ "किसी व्यक्ति को आशंका से सदा पीड़ित रखना" है।

• वाक्य प्रयोग - आलोक के घर प्रिया, दिन-रात आलोक की विधवा माँ की छाती पर मूँग दल रही है।

अन्य संबंधित बिंदु

• ‘मुहावरा’ शब्द अरबी भाषा का है जिसका अर्थ है ‘अभ्यास होना’ या आदी होना’।
• इस प्रकार मुहावरा शब्द अपने–आप में स्वयं मुहावरा है,
• क्योंकि यह अपने सामान्य अर्थ को छोड़कर असामान्य अर्थ प्रकट करता है।

कुछ मुहावरे -

दिए गए विकल्पों में से विकल्प 2 'राम खाता होगा'। संदिग्ध वर्तमान काल का उदाहरण है।

स्पष्टीकरण

• क्रिया के जिस रूप से वर्तमान काल क्रिया के होने या करने पर शक हो, उसे संदिग्ध वर्तमान काल कहते है। अथार्त जिन वाक्यों के अंत में ता होगा, ती होगी, ते होंगे आदि आते हैं, उसे संदिग्ध वर्तमान काल कहते हैं।
• अतः उपर्युक्त वाक्य इसका उदाहरण है।
• अन्य विकल्प सामान्य वर्तमान काल के उदाहरण हैं।

अन्य संबंधित बिंदु

क्रिया के जिस रूप से कार्य करने या होने के समय का ज्ञान होता है उसे 'काल' कहते है।

• काल के तीन भेद होते है-
  • वर्तमान काल (present Tense) - जो समय चल रहा है।
  • भूतकाल(Past Tense) - जो समय बीत चुका है।
  • भविष्यत काल (Future Tense)- जो समय आने वाला है।
• वर्तमान काल:- क्रिया के जिस रूप से वर्तमान में चल रहे समय का बोध होता है, उसे वर्तमान काल कहते है।
• जैसे-
  • पिता जी समाचार सुन रहे हैं।
  • प्रियंका स्कूल जाती हैं।
• वर्तमान काल के पाँच भेद होते है-
  • सामान्य वर्तमानकाल
  • अपूर्ण वर्तमानकाल
  • पूर्ण वर्तमानकाल
  • संदिग्ध वर्तमानकाल
  • तत्कालिक वर्तमानकाल
  • संभाव्य वर्तमानकाल

सही उत्तर है - प्रश्न चिन्ह।

स्पष्टीकरण

• इस वाक्य में क्यों शब्द से पता चलता है कि यहाँ प्रश्न पूछा जा रहा है।
• अतः प्रश्न चिन्ह का प्रयोग होगा।
• प्रश्नवाचक चिन्ह (?):-
  • बातचीत के दौरान जब किसी से कोई बात पूछी जाती है अथवा कोई प्रश्न पूछा जाता है, तब वाक्य के अंत में प्रश्नसूचक-चिन्ह का प्रयोग किया जाता है।
  • जब वाक्य में क्या, क्यों, कैसे, कब, कहाँ, कौन, इत्यादि शब्द आते हैं तो प्रश्नवाचक चिन्ह लगता है।
  • तुम कहाँ से आ रहे हो?

अन्य संबंधित बिंदु

• विराम चिन्ह – भाषा के लिखित रूप में विशेष स्थानों पर रुकने का संकेत करने वाले चिन्हों को विराम चिन्ह कहते हैं।

इसका सही उत्तर "ऐक्‍य" हैl

स्पष्टीकरण

'एकता' का पर्यायवाची 'ऐक्य':

समान अर्थ:

• 'एकता' और 'ऐक्य' दोनों एकजुटता या एक होने की भावना को व्यक्त करते हैं।

गहराई:

• 'ऐक्य' शब्द एकता की भावना को और भी गहराई से दर्शाता है, विशेषकर आध्यात्मिक या विचारधारात्मक संदर्भ में।

अन्य संबंधित बिंदु

विशेष

अन्य शब्दों के पर्यायवाची

The correct answer is 'Ubiquitous'.

Explanation

• "Pervasive" describes something that spreads widely throughout an area or a group of people. This term implies an all-encompassing presence.
• "Ubiquitous" aligns closely in meaning, indicating a state of being present, appearing, or found everywhere.
• Within the context of social media's influence, both terms suggest the extensive, almost unavoidable presence of these platforms in modern life.
• The synonym underlines the widespread use and impact of social media, emphasizing its embodiment in daily activities and societal operations.
• Choosing "ubiquitous" reflects understanding nuances in English synonyms, where bothwords depict the far-reaching effect with a slightly different connotation but similar implications.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 2'.

The correct answer is '1. Verb'.

Explanation

• "Democratized" functions as a verb in the context provided, denoting the action of making something accessible to everyone or embodying democratic principles.
• It specifically refers to the distribution and access of information through social media, emphasizing the process or action of achieving widespread involvement or engagement.
• Verbs indicate actions or states of being. In this case, "democratized" outlines the action taken by social media to shift how information is spread and accessed.
• This verb encapsulates a critical aspect of social media's influence, highlighting its role in transforming traditional communication and information landscapes.
• Understanding "democratized" as a verb acknowledges the active, transformative impact attributed to social media platforms within the passage.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 1'.

The correct answer is ‘A medium that offers only advantages’

Explanation

• The passage characterizes social media as having both positive effects (like democratizing information and fostering global connections) and negative impacts (such as spreading misinformation and contributing to mental health issues).
• The phrase "double-edged sword" is used to describe something that has both favorable and unfavorable consequences, emphasizing the need for careful consideration to maximize benefits while minimizing drawbacks.
• This reflects the complexity and duality of social media's role in modern society, highlighting that its influence cannot be viewed as wholly good or bad but as a mixture of both.
• The correct replacement for "double-edged sword" should thus capture this nuanced perspective, which involves acknowledging both the potential benefits and the associated risks of social media.
• By distinguishing between these mixed outcomes, it becomes clear that describing social media as offering only advantages neglects the substantial concerns cited in the passage.

Therefore, the correct answer is ‘Option 2.

A multilingual classroom refers to a classroom where the pupils speak various languages.

• Multilingual classrooms are considered the biggest challenge for English language teachers and students not only in India but also in other parts of the world.
• The teachers and the students face a number of problems due to the different local languages spoken by the students in the classrooms.
• Multilingual classrooms are not easy to handle and sometimes it becomes very difficult for the English teachers to cope with the challenges.

Important Points

Teaching the English language in a multilingual context is an enormous challenge for English teachers due to linguistic diversity in the classrooms. Some of the challenges faced by the English teacher in a multilingual classroom are:

• The learners in multilingual classrooms lack the confidence to use the English language because they hesitate to commit mistakes.
• Due to the lack of confidence, the learners are not interested in learning a new language.
• Further, the teacher sometimes finds it difficult to implement the right instruction for different proficiency levels in one class.
• Also, on occasions, he/she might find it difficult to adapt to cultural backgrounds in one class in order to integrate all of them.​

Hint

• Multilingualism refers to the ability of a learner to communicate effectively in three or more languages.
• To manage a multilingual class a teacher has to prepare some contextual teaching-learning material, such as a picture storybook, alphabet chart, Word Web, Multilingual dictionary, Total Physical Response (TPR) in a second language, etc.

From the above, we can conclude that in a multilingual classroom the major problem faced by an English teacher is that students are not interested in learning a new language.

The correct answer is ' /plʌmz/'.

Explanation

• The IPA symbol /ʌ/ represents the vowel sound in the word, which is a short "uh" sound as in "cup" or "love."
• The letter "s" at the end of "plums" indicates a plural form, which in IPA is denoted by /z/ when following a voiced sound like /m/.
• The combination of /plʌmz/ accurately captures the consonants and the vowel sound of "plums."
• This representation accounts for the pronunciation of the word in a standard American English accent, which is likely the accent considered given the poet's background.
• The use of /ʌ/ rather than /ʊ/ or /ɪ/ is specific to the vowel sound in "plums," distinguishing it from words like "plume" or "plims."

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 1'.

Language learning deals with various activities to understand and use the language for communication skills. It helps in increasing studying skills but also in developing listening reading and writing skills.

Explanation

Peer Group Interactions: A peer group is a social group that consists of individuals of the same social status who share similar interests and are close in age. Peer Learning is a teaching and learning strategy that involves groups of students working together to solve a problem, complete a task, or create a product. For example, an English language teacher divides the class into pairs to read a sequence of pictures and then describe it to each other.

Advantages of Peer group Interactions:

• Peer interaction allows the group to construct new knowledge and place it within a conceptual framework of existing knowledge, thus leading to a better understanding of concepts.
• It helps them make sense of what they are learning and what they still need to understand or learn.
• Students learning in a collaborative situation develop greater knowledge acquisition, retention of material, and higher-order problem solving and reasoning abilities than students working alone.
• It allows students to enhance their skills in working effectively with others.
• Peer relationships contribute to students’ engagement. Peers provide psychosocial and academic resources that enhance individual students’ academic outcomes.
• It develops a sense of responsibility and accountability among students.
• It helps in developing mutual help and a better understanding of each other among students as they plan and work together.

Remedial teaching refers to the method of teaching that helps the teacher to provide learners with the necessary help and guidance to overcome the problems which are determined through diagnosing them.

Explanation

• Remedial teaching is used for 'learning disabled children' as the objective of the remedial method is to give additional help to learners who have fallen behind the rest of the class in any topic or subject.
• It is a teaching or instructional approach to provide the remedial measures to help students to get assistance on their weaknesses. In this view, the general or specific nature of weakness of the pupil is identified and appropriate steps are taken.
• It is nothing but re-teaching the incorrectly learned skills to the students. It is the process of identifying slow learners and improving their ability to learn something.

Hence, it could be concluded that Remedial teaching provides the remedial measures to help students to get assistance on their weaknesses.

Language is a symbolic, rule-governed system, shared by a group of people to express their thoughts and feelings. In a child, language development takes place through language acquisition and language learning.

Explanation

• Language acquisition requires a language-rich environment where learners can interact, listen, speak, read, and write in meaningful contexts.
• A language-rich environment provides opportunities for authentic communication, exposure to diverse language inputs, and meaningful language use.
• It facilitates the subconscious learning process by immersing learners in real-life language situations, enabling them to absorb vocabulary, grammar, pronunciation, and cultural nuances naturally and intuitively.
• While tools like smart boards and language laboratories can support language learning, they alone are not sufficient for comprehensive language acquisition.

Hence, it is clear that language acquisition requires only language-rich environment for a subconscious learning process.

Grammar is the backbone of any language. It is the womb that gives birth to sentences. These sentences are fertilized using grammar to form correct and appropriate speech.

Explanation

• The place of grammar in practicing communication skills can be described as "grammar in context."
• This means that grammar is integrated into meaningful and authentic language use situations.
• Instead of focusing solely on isolated grammar rules, the emphasis is on using grammar in real-life contexts to facilitate effective communication.
• By using grammar in context, learners can understand how grammar structures contribute to clear and accurate communication and apply them appropriately in various situations.

Hence, it is clear that the place of grammar in practicing communication skills can be described as grammar in context.

Given:

Speed = 24.5 km/hr

Time = 10 minutes = 10/60 hours = 1/6 hours

Formula used:

Distance = Speed × Time

Calculation:

Distance = 24.5 km/hr × 1/6 hr

⇒ Distance = 24.5/6 = 4.08 km

∴ The distance covered will be 4.08 km.

Explanation:

• Different chemical compounds, when heated, decompose to form various products.
• Some compounds contain nitrogen and can decompose to produce nitrogen gas, while others do not.

1) Ammonium dichromate ((NH₄)₂Cr₂O₇):

Upon heating, it decomposes to produce nitrogen gas (N₂), water vapor (H2O), and chromium(III) oxide (Cr₂O₃).

(NH₄)₂Cr₂O₇(s) → N₂(g) + 4 H₂O(g) + Cr₂O₃(s)

2) Ammonium nitrite (NH₄NO₂):
Upon heating, it decomposes to produce nitrogen gas (N₂) and water vapor (H₂O).

NH₄NO₂(s) → N₂(g) + 2 H₂O(g)

3) Barium azide (Ba(N₃)₂):
Upon heating, it decomposes to produce barium metal (Ba) and nitrogen gas (N₂).

Ba(N₃)₂(s) → Ba(s) + 3 N₂(g)

4) Silver nitrate (AgNO3):
Upon heating, it decomposes to produce silver metal (Ag), nitrogen dioxide gas (NO₂), and oxygen gas (O₂). Note that nitrogen gas (N₂) is not formed in this reaction.

2 AgNO₃(s) → 2 Ag(s) + 2 NO₂(g) + O₂(g)

These reactions represent the decomposition of each compound upon heating and the resulting products.

So, nitrogen gas cannot be obtained by heating Silver nitrate.

Other Related Points

• Nitrogen gas is a common product in the thermal decomposition of many nitrogen-containing compounds due to nitrogen's tendency to form a very stable N₂ molecule with a strong triple bond.
• While heating these compounds can produce nitrogen gas, this must be done in a controlled and safe manner, as some of these reactions can be explosive.
• These types of reactions, where a compound breaks down into simpler substances when heated, are examples of thermal decomposition reactions.
• While nitrogen gas is a common product in these reactions, the other products can vary widely and depend on the specific compounds involved.
• For example, chromium(III) oxide from ammonium dichromate, water from ammonium nitrite, and barium metal from barium azide.
• Nitrogen gas is a diatomic molecule (N₂), not to be confused with nitrogen oxides like NO₂ or N₂O, which can be produced in other reactions.

Calculations:

Let's assume the distance from the village to the railway station is 'd' kilometers.

When the man traveled from the village to the railway station at a speed of 25 km/h, the time taken can be calculated as:

Time = Distance(d)/Speed, Time = d / 25

When the man walked back from the railway station to the village at a speed of 4 km/h, the time taken can be calculated as:

Time = Distance(d /Speed, Time = d / 4

the total journey took 5 hours and 48 minutes, which can be converted to hours as 5 + 48/60 = 5.8 hours.

The sum of the two times should equal the total journey time:

d / 25 + d / 4 = 5.8

4d + 25d = 5.8 × 100

29d = 580

d = 20

Hence, the distance of the railway station from the village is 20 kilometers.

Given:

O is the point of intersection of two chords AB and CD.

OB = OD

∠AOC = 45º

Calculation:

We have given,

In this figure,

∠AOC = ∠BOD = 45 (Vertically opposite angles)

OB = OD (given)

Then,

∠ODB = ∠OBD (because equal sides have equal angles)

⇒ ∠OBD = (180 - 45)/2 = 67.5° = ∠ODB

Also,

∠ BAC = ∠ CDB = 67.5°

[Angles subtanded by same arc BC]

Similarly,

∠ ACD = ∠ ABD = 67.5°

[Angles subtanded by same arc AD]

Hence AAA (Angle Angle Angle) similarity,

∠ OAC ≈ ∠ ODB

Also, no angle of measures 60°

Hence the triangles are not equilateral and so they are isosceles as only two sides are of same length and similar.

∴ The correct answer is option 3.

The correct answer is the Repeal of Salt laws.

• Repeal of Salt laws was the ultimate goal of Gandhiji’s Salt Satyagraha.

Explanation

• The Salt Satyagraha was a mass civil disobedience movement initiated by Mahatma Gandhi against the salt tax imposed by the British government in India. He led a large group of people from Sabarmati Ashram on 12 th March 1930 till Dandi, a coastal village in Gujarat, to break the salt law by producing salt from seawater.
• Dandi March and Salt Satyagrah:
  • Gandhi, along with a band of 78 members of Sabarmati Ashram, was to march from his headquarters in Ahmedabad through the villages of Gujarat for 240 miles. On reaching the coast at Dandi, the salt law was to be violated by collecting salt from the beach.

  • Spread Of Salt Disobedience:

    • non-payment of revenue in ryotwari areas;
    • the no-chowkidar-tax campaign in zamindari areas
    • violation of forest laws in the Central Provinces.

Other Related Points

• Satyagraha at different places and leaders:
  • Tamil Nadu- C. Rajagopalachari
  • Malabar- K.Kalappan
  • Orissa- Gopalbandhu Chaudhari
  • Assam- Strike against the Cunningham Circular.

The correct answer is Article 61.

• Article 61:- Procedure for Impeachment of the President Of India
  • When a President is to be impeached for violation of the Constitution, the charge shall be preferred by either House of Parliament.
  • No such charge shall be preferred unless -
    • The proposal to prefer such charge is contained in a resolution which has been moved after at least fourteen days’ notice in writing signed by not less than one-fourth of the total number of members of the House has been given of their intention to move the resolution, and such resolution has been passed by a majority of not less than two-thirds of the total membership of the House.
  • When a charge has been so preferred by either House of Parliament, the other House shall investigate the charge or cause the charge to be investigated and the President shall have the right to appear and to be represented at such investigation.
  • If as a result of the investigation a resolution is passed by a majority of not less than two-thirds of the total membership of the House by which the charge was investigated or caused to be investigated, declaring that the charge preferred against the President has been sustained, such resolution shall have the effect of removing the President from his office as from the date on which the resolution is so passed.

Other Related Points

• ​Article 62 (Time of holding an election to fill a vacancy in the office of President and the term of office of person elected to fill a casual vacancy):
  • An election to fill a vacancy caused by the expiration of the term of office of President shall be completed before the expiration of the term.
  • An election to fill a vacancy in the office of President occurring by reason of his death, resignation or removal, or otherwise shall be held as soon as possible after, and in no case later than six months from, the date of occurrence of the vacancy; and the person elected to fill the vacancy shall, subject to the provisions of article 56, be entitled to hold office for the full term of five years from the date on which he enters upon his office
• Article 60 (Oath or Affirmation by the President):
  • ​Every President and every person acting as President or discharging the functions of the President shall, before entering upon his office, make and subscribe in the presence of the Chief Justice of India or, in his absence, the senior-most Judge of the Supreme Court available, an oath or affirmation in the following form, that is to say -
    • “I, A.B., do swear in the name of God / solemnly affirm that I will faithfully execute the office of President (or discharge the function of the President) of India and will to the best of my ability preserve, protect and defend the Constitution and the law and that I will devote myself to the service and well-being of the people of India.”
• Article 57 (Eligibility for Re-Election):
  • ​A person who holds, or who has held, office as President shall, subject to the other provisions of this Constitution be eligible for re-election to that office.

The correct answer is 17.

Explanation

• Mahmud of Ghazni was a Turkish conqueror who attacked India 17 times between 1000 to 1027 AD.
• The biggest invasion of Mahmud of Ghazni was in 1025 AD wherein he invaded the Somnath temple in Gujarat.
• In all his 17 invasions, a number of dynasties were conquered by him.

Other Related Points

• Al-Biruni was an Iranian scholar and polymath. He was from Khwarezm — a region that encompasses modern-day western Uzbekistan, and northern Turkmenistan.
• The scholar was entrusted by Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni to write an account of the subcontinent.
• Kitab al-Hind is a book written by Al-Beruni and is an important source of Historians.

The correct answer is 30 January 1990.

• The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989 came into force on 30 January 1990.
• This Act to prevent the commission of offenses of atrocities against the members of the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes.
• This act applies to a person who is not a member of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (person commits crimes against members of this class).
• It gives special protection and rights to the victims.

Important Points

Penalties for crimes of atrocities:

• There is a provision of a sentence from 6 months to 5 years, the imposition of a penalty.
• For the crime of cruel murder, there is a provision for the death penalty.
• On giving false testimony(by non-SC/ST) against the members of SC /ST, or they may be penalized with the death penalty or life imprisonment and fine.
• Government employees (non-SC/ST) if they deliberately neglect to obey this act, will be punished with a sentence ranging from 6 months to 1 year.

• President can say to the council of ministers to reconsider an advice.
  • This is the correct statement.
  • Under the Indian Constitution, the President acts on the aid and advice of the Council of Ministers, as per Article 74.
  • However, the President has the right to ask the council to reconsider its advice.
  • Once the advice has been reconsidered and if the same advice is given again, the President is bound by it.
• President can say to the council of ministers to consider a decision of a minister.
  • This is the incorrect statement.
  • Decisions made by individual ministers or ministries are generally considered to be on behalf of the entire Council of Ministers, which collectively bears responsibility to the Parliament.
  • While the President might raise concerns or seek clarification, typically, it's not a matter of considering a decision of an individual minister in isolation but rather in the context of the collective decision-making of the Council of Ministers.
• Governor can say to the council of ministers to reconsider an advice.
  • This is the correct statement.
  • Similar to the President at the central level, a Governor at the state level acts on the aid and advice of the state's Council of Ministers, as per Article 163 of the Constitution.
  • The Governor can ask the council to reconsider its advice but is bound to act on it if the advice is given again after reconsideration.
• Governor can say to the council of ministers to consider a decision of a minister.
  • This is the correct statement
  • While the direct intervention in a decision of an individual minister is not standard practice, the overall responsibility lies with the Council of Ministers, and the Governor can seek clarification or reconsideration of decisions as part of broader discussions with the council.
  • Governors often play a mediating or advisory role, especially in cases where the finer points of governance and policy are concerned.

The correct option is option D.

Explanation

• Precision farming: Computers and technology play a crucial role in precision farming, enabling farmers to monitor soil conditions, control water usage, and optimize crop yields through data analysis and automated systems.
• Office: In office environments, computers are indispensable for tasks such as document creation, data analysis, communication through emails and video conferencing, project management, and much more.
• Teaching: Computers and technology enhance teaching by providing access to a vast repository of information, digital multimedia resources, interactive learning platforms, and tools for both remote and in-person education settings.

• Healthcare: For patient records management, diagnostic imaging, telemedicine, and more.
• Engineering and Design: Computers are used for simulations, modeling, and design in architecture, automotive, aerospace, and many other engineering fields.
• Entertainment and Media: From digital content creation, graphical design, and video editing to streaming services and virtual reality experiences.
• Finance: In banking, stock trading, financial modeling, and risk management.
• Research and Development: Across all scientific disciplines, computers facilitate complex calculations, data analysis, and the simulation of experiments.

- Statement 1 is correct. Despite increased funding for metro rail projects, the majority of India's public transport infrastructure still heavily relies on road-based solutions, such as buses, due to the vast and varied geographical and urban landscape.

- Statement 2 is incorrect. The PM e-Bus Sewa initiative is a positive step towards improving public transport, but the current operational capacity of urban buses is still insufficient to meet the growing demands of India's rapidly urbanizing population. Thus, the initiative alone has not been sufficient.

- Statement 3 is correct. Kochi's planned reintroduction of trams is indeed seen as a model for sustainable urban mobility. Trams are considered cost-effective alternatives because they typically have lower operational costs and reduced dependency on subsidies compared to other forms of public transportation such as metros.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option B: 1 and 3 Only.

- Statement 1 is correct. The Rising Lion operation by Israel indeed involved over 200 jets and targeted more than 100 sites in Iran. This statement reflects the scale and intensity of the military operation conducted by Israel against Iran's nuclear and missile infrastructure.

- Statement 2 is incorrect. The reactions from the Sunni Arab world were mixed, not unanimous in support of Israel's actions. While there is suspicion towards Iran, there are also concerns over Israeli aggression, indicating a lack of unanimous support.

- Statement 3 is correct. The withdrawal from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) by the United States under President Trump's administration and the subsequent reinstatement of sanctions significantly weakened Iran's strategic position. This geopolitical shift played a role in the current dynamics between Israel and Iran.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option C: 1 and 3 Only, as statements 1 and 3 are correct, while statement 2 is incorrect.