MPTET Varg 1 History Mock Test - 1 - MPTET MCQ

हमेशा बहुवचन में प्रयुक्त होने वाला शब्द है: 'अमीर'।

• उदाहरण- वह अमीर है, वे अमीर हैं।
• दोनों में प्रयुक्त हो सकता है।

स्पष्टीकरण
अन्य विकल्प
सामग्री - एकवचन शब्द का वाक्य प्रयोग – हवन के लिए सामग्री कम पड़ेगी।
बहुवचन शब्द का वाक्य प्रयोग – पूजा के लिए सभी आवश्यक सामग्री आ गई है।
नारी - एकवचन शब्द का वाक्य प्रयोग – नारी की अवहेलना भगवान का अपमान है।
बहुवचन शब्द का वाक्य प्रयोग – आज की नारियाँ पुरुषों से किसी मामले में कम नही।
अन्यसंबंधित बिंदु

The correct answer is "let a song be sung by him"

Explanation

• The question was in active voice and we need to change it to passive voice.
• Active Voice means the subject of the sentence is the one doing the action expressed by the verb.
  • Example: My mom cooked biryani today.
• Passive voice, the subject is the person or thing acted on or affected by the verb's action.
  • Example: Biryani has been cooked by mom.

Additional Information

• Passive voice is utilized when the practitioner of the activity isn’t known and the focal point of the sentence is on the activity and not the subject.
• Rules of passive voice: The subject changes into the object.
  • Use the third form of the verb, such as is, am, are, was, were, be or being, according to the passive voice tenses.
  • Pronouns that were once active now become passive, such as "I" becomes "me."
  • Sentences in the present, past, future and future continuous forms do not use the passive voice.
  • In the passive voice, place "by" before the subject.

The correct answer is 'distort.'
Explanation

• Let us see the meaning of Deform:
  • Deform: to change or spoil the natural shape of something.
• Let us see the meanings of the given options:
  • Fashion: a popular or the latest style of clothing, hair, decoration, or behaviour.
  • Distort: to change the shape or sound of something so that it seems strange or is not clear.
  • Beautify: improve the appearance of. 
  • Mould: to make something into a particular shape or form by pressing it or by putting it into a mould.
• From the meanings of the given words, the synonym of "Deform" is "distort."
• Hence, the correct answer is Option 2.

Children at the Foundational Stage need to engage with texts in a variety of forms (e.g., picture books, storybooks, graded readers, and worksheets).

ExplanationThe following are the principles for textbook design:-

• Curriculum Principle: The textbook should be designed specifically to achieve the Competencies as articulated for the Foundational Stage. Textbook developers and designers should not only be aware of the competencies of the particular domain or subject area for which the textbook is being developed but also of the Competencies for the whole Stage. This would allow them to bring in horizontal connections across the domains in the Foundational Stage.
• Discipline Principle: Textbook developers should have sound knowledge of applied linguistics and mathematics. The content and sequence included in the textbook should be careful not to contradict some of the core principles of these disciplines.
• Pedagogy Principle: Textbook developers need to have a clear understanding of the pedagogy that is appropriate for the Competency and content (e.g., in language the balanced approach of including oral language, phonics, and word-solving instruction and meaning-making needs to be incorporated all together).
• Technology Principle: Textbook developers should be aware of the current technology and audio-visual materials available for enhancing the learning experience of children. Activities that involve digital technology and references to external material should be embedded appropriately in the textbook.
• Diversity and Inclusion: In the Indian context, it is important to maintain diversity and inclusion as an important principle in the choice of content for textbooks.

Thus, it is concluded that exclusion principle is not a principle for textbook design.

Problem-solving skills are skills that enable people to handle unexpected situations or difficult challenges at work. Problem-solving is an essential skill in the workplace and personal situations. Problem-solving and decision making are closely related skills, and making a decision, solving may sound obvious but often requires more thought and analysis.

Explanation

Problem-solving abilities are skills that allow individuals to efficiently and effectively find solutions to issues. These skills include the following:

Important Points

• Problem-solving is the ability to use appropriate methods to tackle unexpected challenges in an organized manner.
• Problem-solving is a mental process and is related to the analytical power of the brain that concludes the part of the larger problem process that includes problem finding and problem shaping.
• It is based on the conviction that an analytic mind and perseverance can help in overcoming problems. Therefore, it reposes faith in the ability of distant learners to analyze the problematic situation and identify the resources at their disposal with which they can overcome the problem.
• Analytic skills allow us to evaluate problems, both simple and complex.
• Effective problem solving requires a controlled mixture of analytical and creative thinking.
• The act of defining a problem, determining the cause of the problem, identifying and selecting alternatives for a solution, and implementing a solution.
• Problem-solving is all about using logic as well as imagination to make sense of a situation and come up with an intelligent solution.

Hence, we can conclude that problem-solving skill is related to analytical power of the brain.

The correct answer is Muhammad Shah.

Explanation

• Muhammad Shah was the Mughal emperor from 1719 to 1748.
• He was an ineffective, pleasure-seeking Mughal emperor of India.
• Due to his pleasure-loving attitude, he was also called Rangila.
• His name was Roshan Akhtar.
• During his reign, Maratha under Baji Rao for the first in Mughal history raided Delhi.

• Nadir Shah of Persia invaded Delhi with the help of Sadat Khan who defeated the Mughal army at the Battle of Karnal in 1739 during his reign.

Therefore, we can conclude that the ruler of India during Nadir Shah's invasion was Muhammad Shah.

The Correct Answer is Option 3 i.e Superintendent of tolls.
In the Mauryan Municipal administration, the term Sulkadhyaksha is a Collector of tolls.

The correct answer is Iltutmish.

Key Points

• Governor of Bengal, Ali Mardan, became an independent sultan at the time of Iltutmish succession in 1211.
• Soon Ali Mardan was overthrown by Hasanuddin Iwaz Khalji and assumed the title of Sultan Ghiyasuddin.
• He attacked and conquered Bihar.
• He also suppressed a revolt against him by a local Hindu chieftain.
• In 1225, Iltutmish ordered his army to reoccupy Bihar and Bengal.
• His army recovered Bihar and prepared to attack Bengal.
• Sultan Ghiyasuddin pleaded with Iltutmish not to attack Bengal, in return he will accept the suzerainty of Delhi. Iltutmish accepted the offer and order his army to return to Delhi.
• Iltutmish accepted the offer and returned to Delhi after appointing Malik Alauddin Jani as the governor of Bihar.​

• Baji Rao II, the son of the former Peshwa Raghunathrao, was the last Peshwa of the Maratha Empire and ruled from 1795 to 1818.
• Nana Sahib, also known as Dhondu Pant, was the adopted son of last Peshwa Baji Rao II.
• Indian Peshwa of the Maratha empire, Nana Sahib led the rebellion in Kanpur by motivating the rebels against British rule.

The correct answer is option 4.

Explanation

Indian National Congress:

• The INC was established in 1885, by A.O. Hume, a retired civil servant who was staying in Shimla post-retirement.
• He invited many Indian leaders regarding the Indian cause, and he laid the foundation of the ‘Indian National Union’.
• But, after the suggestion of Dadabhai Naoroji, its name was changed to ‘Indian National Congress.’ The word ‘Congress’ was taken from the American Constitution.

Aims and Objectives of the Congress:

• Found a democratic, nationalist movement;
• Politicize and politically educate people;
• Establish the headquarters for a movement;
• Promote friendly relations among nationalist political workers from different parts of the country;
• Develop and propagate an anti-colonial nationalist ideology;
• Formulate and present popular demands before the government with a view to unifying the people over a common economic and political programme;
• Develop and consolidate a feeling of national unity among people irrespective of religion, caste, or province.
• Carefully promote and nurture Indian nationhood. Hence, options 1, 2, and 3 are correct.​
• To end British rule was not the objective of INC in the initial stages. In the Lahore session of INC (1929), there was a demand for Poorna Swaraj. Hence, option 4 is not correct.

The correct answer is Nana Saheb.

Explanation

• Nana Saheb led the revolt of 1857 in the city of Kanpur.
• He was the 14th Peshwa of the Maratha Empire.
• The original name of Nana Saheb was Dhondu Pant.
• He was the adopted son of the late Peshwa Baji Rao.
• He was the successor of Peshwa Baji Rao II.
• Tatya Tope was the general of Nana Saheb in the 1857 revolt.
• The British East India Company forces reached Kanpur on 16 July 1857.
• It is believed that Nana Saheb escaped to Nepal when the rebellion collapsed.

The correct answer is A. D. 1509-1529.

Explanation Krishnadevaraya was an emperor of the Vijayanagara Empire, who reigned between 1509 to 1529.

• He was the ruler of the Tuluva dynasty. He reigned the largest empire in India after the decline of the Delhi Sultanate. Presiding over the empire at its zenith, he is regarded as an icon by many Indians
• Krishnadevaraya was a talented general and diplomat as well as architect and city planner. He embraced Hinduism and constructed the magnificent city of Vijayanagaram as a holy site for the worship of the Hindu gods as well as the administrative center of his vast empire.
• His kingdom had fabulous wealth, much of that going into an ambitious building program. Most part of the of the empire's wealth came from tributes paid by kingdoms he conquered, including Andhra Pradesh, the Gijapati kings of Orissa, Raichur Doab, and the Deccan sultanates.
• He used much wealth for the promotion of scholarship.Due to which Krishnadevaraya have left his greatest mark and attained his greatest fame. He ushered in the Golden Era of Telugu Literature, writing Amuktamalyada, a narrative poem describing the pangs of sorrow suffered by Godadevi when absent from her husband Vishnu

Other Related Points

• The king, of medium height, had a cheerful disposition, respectful to foreign visitors, ruthless in maintaining the law and prone to fits of anger. He maintained himself at a high level of physical fitness by daily physical exercise. The king was an able administrator and an excellent army general. He led from the front and even attended to the wounded.
• Krishnadevaraya had been born to parents Nagala Devi and Tuluva Narasa Nayaka, an army commander under Saluva Narasimha Deva Raya, who later took control of the empire to prevent it from disintegration

The correct option is 3 i.e., Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq.

• Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq was the founder of the Tughlaq dynasty.
• Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq's father was a Turk and mother was a Jat woman of Punjab.
• Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq founded the city of Tughlaqabad.
• Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq died in 1325, from the collapse of a wooden pavilion.
• Tomb of Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq (situated near Tuglaqabad fort) is the first tomb constructed within the walled encloser which is polygonal in shape.
• Ibn Battuta was a traveler from Morocco came to India during the reign of Muhammad Bin Tughlaq.

The correct answer is Mewar.

Important Points

Mughal period gained glory and power during Akbar's long reign of nearly forty years.

• Most of the part of Akbar's rule went on consolidating Mughal territory over India.
• Many Indian rulers started accepting Mughal supremacy, and the Mughals campaigned and fought against rulers who did not obey them.
• Although due to Akbar's tremendous military skills he had got hold of the major part of Rajputana, yet Mewar was not ready to accept his supremacy.

Other Related Points Rana Pratap:

• He was the grandson of none other than the great Rana Sanga.
• He was born in the kingdom of Mewar, in modern-day Rajasthan, which was ruled by his father. In 1568, Akbar conquered Chittaur, Mewar's capital.
• In 1572, Pratap became Rana (king) of Mewar with the support of the elder nobles. He then began a life-long war against Akbar.
• At a time when the formidable fort of Chittaur, his ancestral home, was under Mughal occupation and his co-Rajputs such as Raja Man Singh of Jaipur were part of Akbar's council.
• He stood alone in fighting the Mughal supremacy over Rajputana.
• He lived a life of a fugitive drawn away from Chittaur by Akbars's onslaught, he cherished a dream of regaining the lost glory of Mewar.
• Many times Akbar tried to win him over by his friendly gestures but Maharana was unrelenting, he refused to surrender and even returned Akbar's special emissary, Raja Man Singh, of Amber, saying that he is not ready to talk to a person who got his sister married to a foreigner.
• Insulted Raja Man Singh, came back with a huge Mughal army.
• Later a gruesome and bloody battle followed between Rana Pratap's forces and Mughal forces, who were led by fellow Rajput rulers who had joined hands with Akbar, in HaldiGhati, the year was 1576.
• Many soldiers of Mewar were killed or captured but Pratap wasn't. He escaped to the hills in his legendary horse Chetak.
• Later on, he organized a small army of Bheels (a tribe of India) and started a Guerrilla war against Akbar.
• In the later stages of his life, he re-conquered some parts of Mewar but due to failing health and an untimely death his long-cherished goal of winning back Chittaur remained unaccomplished.

Buddhism advocated 'Middle way' or 'Middle Path'.

Explanation

• Buddhism started in India over 2,600 years ago as a way life that had a potential of transforming a person.
• It is one of the important religions of South and South-Eastern Asian countries.
• The religion is based upon the teachings, life experiences of its founder Gautama Buddha, born in 563 BCE.
• Buddha asked his followers to avoid the two extremes of indulgence in worldly pleasure and the practice of strict abstinence and asceticism.
• He ascribed instead the 'Madhyam Marg' or the Middle Path or Middle way' which was to be followed.
• According to him everyone was responsible for their own happiness in life, stressing upon the individualistic component of Buddhism.

• The main teachings of Buddhism are encapsulated in the basic concept of Four Noble Truths or ariya-sachchani and Eightfold Path or astangika marg.

Thus, we can conclude that Buddhism advocated 'Middle way' or 'Middle Path'.

Other Related Points

• Buddha’s Four Noble Truths are:
  • Life is full of sorrow and misery.
  • Desire is the cause of misery.
  • Sorrows and sufferings can be removed by giving up one’s desire.
  • The desire can be overcome by following the right path (Noble eight-old path)
• Eight Fold Path of Buddha is:
  • Right View
  • Right Thought
  • Right Speech
  • Right Action
  • Right Livelihood
  • Right Effort
  • Right Knowledge
  • Right Meditation

Kumar Devi was the wife of Chandragupta I.

Explanation

• Chandragupta I, the first important ruler of the Gupta dynasty, ascended the throne of Magadha in 320 CE.
• He married Kumar Devi, a princess of the powerful Lichchhavi tribe of Vaishali, and got Pataliputra as part of his dowry.
• He ruled from Pataliputra and laid the foundation of the Gupta Empire by conquering a number of territories with the support of the Lichchhavis.
• He expanded his kingdom as far as Allahabad.
• He ruled for 15 years and took the title of 'Maharajadhiraja'.
• The gold coins attributed to Chandragupta bear portraits of Chandragupta and Kumaradevi, and the legend Lichchhavayah (the Lichchhavis).

• Their son Samudragupta is described as Lichchhavi-dauhitra ("Lichchhavi daughter's son") in the Gupta inscriptions.

Hence, we can conclude that Kumar Devi was the wife of Chandragupta I.

The correct answer is Raja Raja Chola I.

Explanation

• Raja Raja Chola I (985 - 1014 AD)
  • ​He was one of the greatest emperors of the Chola empire.
  • In his reign, the Cholas expanded beyond South India stretching from Kalinga in the north to Sri Lanka in the south.
  • He also conquered the Maldives, Sumatra, and other places in the Malay Peninsula.
  • He fought many battles with the Chalukyas in the north and the Pandyas in the south.
  • He built the Brihadishwara temple in Thanjavur dedicated to Lord Shiva.
  • He also helped in the construction of a Buddhist monastery at Nagapattinam.

  • He was succeeded by his son Rajendra Chola I in 1014 AD.

Hence, we conclude that the Chola king who conquered the Maldives was Raja Raja Chola I.

Other Related Points

• Rajendra Chola I (1014 -1044 AD)
  • ​He was considered one of the greatest rulers and military generals of south India.
  • Apart from reaching northwards to river Ganga and moving overseas to the Maldives and Sri Lanka, he also invaded the Southeast Asian territories.
  • He defeated Jayasimha II of the western Chalukyas and consequently, River Tungabhadra was recognized as the boundary between the Cholas and Chalukyas.
  • He founded the city Gangaikondacholapuram and constructed the famous Rameshwaram temple in the city.
  • He also excavated a large irrigation tank called Cholagangam on the western side of the city.
  • He assumed many titles, the most important ones being Mudikondan, Gangaikondan, Kadaram Kondan, and Pandita Cholan.
• Sundara Chola (957-973 AD)
  • ​He was also known as Parantaka Chola II.
  • He was crowned as the Chola King despite the presence of Uttama Chola, the son of Gandaraditya.
  • He also encouraged Tamil and Sanskrit literature.
• Raja Raja Chola II (1150 - 1173 AD)
  • He was made the heir apparent in 1146 AD by Kulothunga II.
  • ​The closing years of Raja Raja Chola II saw civil unrest in his empire.
  • He was succeeded by Rajadhiraja Chola II.

The correct answer is Vasudeva.Explanation

• The Kanva dynasty had a Brahmanic origin.
• The dynasty was named after the gotra of the ruler Kanva.
• Vasudeva Kanva founded the Kanva dynasty.
• It is believed that Vasudeva Kanva killed the Shunga ruler Devabhuti and established his own empire in 72 BCE.
• He ruled for a short period and was succeeded by Bhumimitra.
• The empire was extended into parts of eastern India and central India.
• The Kanva dynasty had claimed Vidisa as their capital.

The major rulers during that phase were:

• Vasudeva Kanva
• Bhumimitra
• Narayana
• Susarman
• Bhumimitra ruled for a period of 14 years and his son Narayana ruled for 12 years.
• The Satvahana dynasty defeated the Kanva dynasty and established their empire.
• The last Kanva king Susarman was killed by the Satavahana (Andhra) king.

The correct answer is Liberal Party.

Explanation

• First Indian elected to the British House of Commons, Dadabhai Naoroji contested on the ticket of Liberal Party.
• Dadabhai Naoroji:
  • Dadabhai Naoroji was also known as the "Grand Old Man of India" and "Unofficial Ambassador of India".
  • He was an Indian political leader, merchant, scholar and writer who was a Liberal Party Member of Parliament in the United Kingdom House of Commons between 1892 and 1895.
  • Naoroji is honoured for his work in the Indian National Congress, of which he was one of the founding members and thrice — in 1886, 1893, and 1906 — elected president.
  • His authored book Poverty and Un-British Rule in India brought attention to his theory of the Indian "wealth drain" into Britain.
  • India Post showing Naoroji on stamps in 1963, 1997 and 2017.

Other Related Points

• Liberal Party:
  • Liberal Party, a British political party that emerged in the mid-19th century as the successor to the historic Whig Party.
  • It was the major party in opposition to the Conservatives until 1918, after which it was supplanted by the Labour Party.
  • The Liberals continued as a minor party until 1988 when they merged with the Social Democratic Party to form what is now called the Liberal Democratic Party.
  • Through its long history, the Liberal Party included various schools of thought, but all Liberals were united by the conviction that the source of progress lay in the free exercise of individual energy.
• Labour Party:
  • Labour Party, a British political party whose historic links with trade unions have led it to promote an active role for the state in the creation of economic prosperity and in the provision of social services.
  • In opposition to the Conservative Party, it has been the major democratic socialist party in Britain since the early 20th century.
  • In 1900 the Trades Union Congress (the national federation of British trade unions) cooperated with the Independent Labour Party (founded in 1893) to establish a Labour Representation Committee, which took the name Labour Party in 1906.
• Conservative Party:
  • Conservative Party, byname Tories, in the United Kingdom, a political party whose guiding principles include the promotion of private property and enterprise, the maintenance of a strong military, and the preservation of traditional cultural values and institutions.
  • Since World War I the Conservative Party and its principal opponent, the Labour Party, have dominated British political life.
  • The name Conservative was first used as a description of the party by John Wilson Croker writing in the Quarterly Review in 1830.
• Communist Party:
  • The Communist Party of Britain (CPB) is a communist political party in Great Britain idealized to Marxist–Leninist theory.
  • The party came out from a dispute between Eurocommunists and Marxist-Leninists in the Communist Party of Great Britain in 1988.
  • Ex-members included General Secretaries of three organisations: Bob Crow of the RMT union, Ken Gill of the Manufacturing, Science and Finance (MSF) union and member of the TUC General Council, and Kate Hudson of the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND).

Explanation:

• Dandi March was started by Mahatma Gandhi in 1930.
• This was done to break the salt law.
• Gandhiji and his followers marched for over 240 miles from Sabarmati to the coastal town of Dandi.
• They broke the government law by gathering natural salt found on the seashore, and boiling seawater to produce salt.
• Peasants, tribals and women participated in large numbers.
• The government tried to crush the movement through brutal action against peaceful satyagrahis.
• It was an important event in India's struggle for independence.

Important Points
Salt Law:

• According to this law, the state had a monopoly on the manufacture and sale of salt.
• Mahatma Gandhi along with other nationalists reasoned that it was sinful to tax salt since it is such an essential item of our food.
• It started in 1930. Correct
• It was done to protest against the salt law. Correct
• The movement started from Dandi. Incorrect

The correct answer is option 3) i.e. ​Mehrgarh.

The correct answer is The Third Reich of Dreams.Explanation

• Charlotte Beradt was a Jewish artist who secretly recorded people's dreams in her diary and later published them in a highly disconcerting book titled "The Third Reich of Dreams".
• The book was an attempt to document the psychological effects of the Nazi regime on those living in Germany during that period.
• It recorded the dreams of Jews during the Nazi era, which focused on the stereotypical images of Jews propagated by the Nazi press.
• The book also documented the psychological trauma inflicted by the Nazi regime and the indomitable spirit of those who sought to bear witness and preserve the memory of the Holocaust.

The correct answer is Sikander Lodi.

Explanation

• Sikander Lodhi was the son of Bahlol Lodi who conquered Bihar and Western Bengal.
• He founded the city of Agra and moved his capital from Delhi to Agra.
• He introduced the Gaz-i-Sikandari of 32 digits for measuring cultivated fields.

Other Related Points

• Bahlol Lodi
  • He was the chief of the Pashtun Lodhi Tribe.
  • He was the founder of the Lodi Dynasty.
  • He became sultan in 1451.
  • He was the first Afghani King.
  • He introduced new copper coins called Bahloli Coins.
  • He ruled over Delhi till 1489.
• Ibrahim Lodi
  • He was the last ruler of Lodi as well as the Delhi Sultanate who ruled from 1517 to 1526.
  • He was the son of the second ruler of the Lodi dynasty Sikander Lodi
  • He was defeated by Babur in the First Battle of Panipat in 1526.

Several images of Bodhisattva Maitreya have been found in Gandhara art.

Important Points

• Artists belonging to the Gandhara School of Art most oftenly depicted the bodhisattva Maitreya.
• Maitreya:
  • ​In the Buddhist traditions, he is known as the 'Future Buddha'.
  • Maitreya can be identified by the vase he holds in his left hand.
  • According to tradition, he would descend from the heaven and preach a new dharma (law) on the complete decay of Gautam Buddha's teachings.

  • The 'Laughing Buddha' is said to be an incarnation of Maitreya.

Therefore, we can conclude that Maitreya is the correct answer.

Other Related Points

• Bodhisattva:
  • The idea of the Bodhisattva assumed importance under Mahayana. Unlike older Buddhism or Hinayana, where the highest goal was the attainment of nirvana/nibbana (liberation from the cycle of life and death) and becoming an arhat (a person who has attained enlightenment).

  • Mahayana considered this a lesser goal and considers following the path of a bodhisattva the higher goal.

  • There is a crucial difference between the arhat and bodhisattva.

  • The arhat is one who strives to attain nibbana, and having achieved this goal, disappears from the cycle of birth and rebirth.

  • The bodhisattva, on the other hand, is one who has attained great wisdom, but decides to refrain from taking the final step into nibbana, and chooses to actively engage with the world in order to help others achieve this goal.

• Gandhara School of Art:

  • ​This school of art developed in present-day north-western Pakistan and eastern Afghanistan between the 1st century CE and the 7th century CE.
  • This school was significantly influenced by Hellenistic art.
  • This school flourished during the time Kushana rule, particularly during Kanishka's reign.

The correct answer is Haryanka dynasty.

ExplanationHaryanka Dynasty (543BCE-412BCE):

• There were three important kings in Haryanaka Dynasty- Bimbisara, Ajatashatru and Udayin.
• Giriviraja was the earliest capital of Magdha and later shifted to Rajagriha by Ajatashatru.
• Ajatashatru convened the 1st Buddhist Council at Rajagriha soon after the death of Buddha.

Bimbisara (543BCE-491BCE):

• Bimbisara was also known as Sreniya or Soeniya.
• He was the first king to have standing army started matrimonial alliances to strengthen its position as a king after defeating the Kingdom of Anga.
• He was contemporary to the Buddha.
• Pukkusati came into his court who was the ambassador of the Gandhara ruler of Taxila.
• He sent his personal physician Jivak, to his rival Chandapradyota Mahasena of Ujjain to cure him.

• Ajatashatru was the son of Bimbisara and Chellana who occupied throne by after Bimbisara.

Thus, we can conclude that Bimbisara, under whom Magadha emerged as a major territorial power in the sixth century BC, belonged to Haryanka dynasty.

After the death of Prophet Muhammad his Political authority was transferred to Umma.

Important Points

• After Prophet Muhammad’s death in 632, no one could legitimately claim to be the next prophet of Islam.
• As a result, his political authority was transferred to the umma with no established principle of succession.
• This created opportunities for innovations but also caused deep divisions among the Muslims.
• The biggest innovation was the creation of the institution of caliphate, in which the leader of the community (amir al-muminin) became the deputy (khalifa) of the Prophet.
• The first four caliphs (632-61) justified their powers on the basis of their close association with the Prophet and continued his work under the general guidelines he had provided.

• The twin objectives of the caliphate were to retain control over the tribes constituting the umma and to raise resources for the state.

Based on the above discussion, we can conclude that after the death of Prophet Muhammad his Political authority was transferred to Umma.

The Correct Answer is Option 1 i.e Bahadur Shah Zafar.

Explanation

• Bahadur Shah Zafar (1837-1857):
  • Also known as Bahadur Shah-II.
  • He was the last Mughal emperor of India who reigned from 1837-58.
  • For most of his reign, he was a client of the British and was without real authority.
  • He was chosen as a nominal leader of the revolt of 1857.
  • After the rebellion was put down by the British, he was exiled to Rangoon in Burma(Myanmar) and later he died there.

Other Related Points

• Akbar II (1806-1837):
  • He gave the title Raja to Rammohan Roy.
  • During his time, the British company stopped calling itself as lieutenant or subordinate of Mughal Badshah.
• Shah Alam II (1759-1806):
  • Third Battle of Panipat (1761) took place during his time.
  • He was defeated in Battle of Buxar 1764, after that he lives in Allahabad as British Pensioner.
  • He was a poet and Aftab is his pen name.
• Ahmad Shah (1748-1754):
  • During his time, 1st attack of Ahmad Shah Abdali was made,
  • He was blinded and killed by his Wazir "Imad-ul-Mulk".

The Governor of the East India Company was elected by the members of the East India Company.

Explanation

• When East India Company came to India, it controlled Bengal through a post named as "Governor of Bengal".
• The first Governor of Bengal was Robert Clive.
• Other Presidencies, Bombay and Madras, had their own Governor.
• The Governor of the East India Company was elected by the members of the East India Company.
• The company constituted a committee known as the Court of Directors with the purpose of carrying out administrative functions smoothly.
• Court of Directors consisted of 24 members (directors).
• It also appointed the Governor of the East India Company in India.
• However, after the passing of Regulating Act 1773, the post of Governor of Bengal was converted into "Governor-General of Bengal".

• The first Governor-General of Bengal was Warren Hastings.

Therefore, we can conclude that Governor of the East India Company was Elected by the members of the East India Company.

The correct answer is Aurangzeb.

• Belonging to the aristocratic Timurid dynasty, Aurangzeb's early life was occupied with pious pursuits.
• He held administrative and military posts under his father Shah Jahan and gained recognition as an accomplished military commander.

Important Points

1. Aurangzeb, the sixth ruler of the Mughal Empire is referred to as Alamgir meaning conqueror of the world. His reign lasted for 49 yrs and is widely considered the last effective Mughal emperor. The Mughal Empire reached its greatest extent, ruling over nearly all of the Indian subcontinent during his reign.
2. Under Aurangzeb's emperorship, the Mughals reached their greatest extent with their territory spanning nearly the entire South Asia.
3. His reign is characterized by a period of rapid military expansion, with several dynasties and states being overthrown by the Mughals. His conquests acquired him the regal title Alamgir.

Hence, The Mughal emperor Aurangzeb adapted the title of Alamgir.

Mahatma Gandhi launched the Civil Disobedience Movement on 12 March, 1930.

Explanation

• To carry out the mandate given by the Lahore Congress, Gandhi presented the government with 11 demands and gave a deadline of January 31, 1930 to accept or reject these demands.
• With no positive response from the government to these demands, Gandhi was given full authority to launch the Civil Disobedience Movement at a time and place of his choosing by the Congress Working Committee.
• By the end of February, Gandhi had decided to make salt the movement's central formula.
• The celebration of Independence Day in 1930 was followed by the launch of the Civil Disobedience Movement, led by Gandhi.
• Civil Disobedience Movement started with Gandhi's famous Dandi March on March 12, 1930.
• Gandhi set out on foot from the Sabarmati Ashram in Ahmedabad with 78 other Ashram members for Dandi, a village on India's western seacoast about 385 kilometres from Ahmedabad.
• They arrived in Dandi on April 6, 1930.
• Gandhi broke the salt law there.
• Because salt was a government monopoly, it was illegal for anyone to produce it.

• Gandhi defied the government by picking up a handful of salt that had formed as a result of sea evaporation.

Hence, we can conclude that Mahatma Gandhi launched the Civil Disobedience Movement on 12 March, 1930.