Test: Continuity Equation - Electrical Engineering (EE) MCQ

Answer: c
Explanation: The current is defined as the rate of change of charge in a circuit ie, I = dq/dt. On differentiating the charge with respect to time, we get 3 + 2t. At time t = 2s, I = 7A.

Answer: b
Explanation:

The continuity equation in the context of electrical engineering is a way to express the principle of conservation of electric charge. This principle is derived from two of Maxwell's equations: Gauss's law for electricity and the Ampere-Maxwell law (which is Ampere's law including Maxwell's addition of the displacement current).

Gauss's law states that the electric charge creates an electric field and that the electric flux through a closed surface is proportional to the charge enclosed by the surface.

Ampere's law with Maxwell's addition links magnetic fields to the electric currents and changes in electric fields that produce them.

Thus, the continuity equation, which reflects the conservation of charge, is a consequence of these two laws.

I = ∫ J.ds is the integral form of Ohm’s law and Div (J) = dq/dt is the Gauss law analogous to D. Through these two equations, we get Div(J) = -dρ/dt. This is the continuity equation.

Answer: b
Explanation: Using continuity equation, the problem can be solved. Div(J) =
– dρ/dt. Div(J) = 20cos x + cos z. At origin, we get 20cos 0 + cos 0 = 21. To get ρ, on integrating the Div(J) with respect to t, the charge density will be 21t.

Answer: c
Explanation: The current density is the product of conductivity and electric field intensity. J = σE. To get σ, put J = 12 and E = 20. σ = 12/20 = 0.6. Since the conductivity is less than unity, the material is a dielectric.

Answer: c
Explanation: The convection current density is given by J = ρe x v. To get ρe, put J = 120 and v = 5. ρe = 120/5 = 24 units.

Answer: d
Explanation: The conduction current density is given by J = σE and the convection current density is J = ρe v. When both are equal, ρe v = σE. To get E, put σ = 20, ρe = 2.4 and v = 10, E = 2.4 x 10/20 = 1.2 units.

Answer: b
Explanation: The mobility is defined as the drift velocity per unit electric field. Thus μe = vd/E = 23/11 = 2.1 units.

Answer: a
Explanation: The resistance is given by R = ρL/A = L/σA. Put L = 100, σ = 12 and A = 200, we get R = 100/(12 x 200) = 1/24 units.

Answer: d
Explanation: The electric field is given by E = V/L. To get V, put E = 12.3 and L = 2.Thus we get V = E x L = 12.3 x 2 = 24.6 units.

Answer: a
Explanation: The generic current density equation is J = I/A and the point form of Ohm’s law is J = σ E. On equating both and substituting E = V/L, we get V = IL/σ A = IR which is the Ohm’s law