SRMJEEE Biology Mock Test - 10 - JEE MCQ

Among vertebrates, fish account for the maximum share with approximately 26,959 species. Birds have 9,700 identified species and reptiles have 7,150 species.

In figure above, A represent helicase and B represents single strand binding protein. These structures are formed during semiconservative replication of DNA.

(a) Correct. The tunica media, which consists of smooth muscle and elastic fibers, is indeed thinner in veins than in arteries, aiding in the easier compliance and expansion of veins.
(b) Incorrect. The systemic circulation carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the tissues of the body, not from the lungs.
(c) Incorrect. The hepatic portal system transports blood from the gastrointestinal tract and spleen to the liver, not directly to the heart.
(d) Incorrect. Adrenal medullary hormones typically increase the cardiac output by stimulating the heart rate and strength of contractions.
(e) Correct. Coronary Artery Disease involves the narrowing of the coronary arteries due to deposits of fats, cholesterol, and other substances, leading to atherosclerosis.
Options A: (a) and (e) accurately describe aspects of the circulatory system and its disorders.

Emphysema is a chronic disorder in which alveolar walls are damaged due to which respiratory surface is decreased. One of the major causes of this is cigarette smoking

Solution: Chlorophyll a plays a crucial role in photosynthesis by absorbing sunlight and converting it into chemical energy. This process is fundamental to the primary reaction of photosynthesis, where light energy is transformed into chemical or electrical energy, enabling the synthesis of ATP and NADPH. Interesting fact: Chlorophyll a is considered the universal photosynthetic pigment because it is found in all photosynthetic plants, highlighting its essential role in the energy conversion process.

A constant input of solar energy is the basic requirement for any ecosystem to function and sustain. Primary production is defined as the amount of  biomass or organic matter produced per unit area over a time period by plants during photosynthesis. It is expressed in terms of weight (gm^–2 ) or energy (kcal m^–2 ). The rate of biomass production is called productivity. It is expressed in terms of gm² yr ^–1 or (kcal m^–2 ) yr ^–1 to compare the productivity of different ecosystems.

Microsporangium is surrounded by four wall layers. The innermost layer is tapetum. Tapetum nourishes the developing pollens. The three outer walls provide protection and help in dehiscence of anther to release pollen grains.

Opioids are the drugs which bind to specific opioid receptors present in our central nervous system and gastrointestinal tract.

Topic in NCERT: Drugs and alcohol abuse

Line in NCERT: "opioids are the drugs, which bind to specific opioid receptors present in our central nervous system and gastrointestinal tract."

This is the correct option as all of these factors influence enzyme activities.

The primary purpose of passing effluent into a settling tank is to allow bacterial flocs to sediment, which helps in further purification of the sewage.

A bioreactor is used to provide optimal conditions for cell growth, ensuring cells are in their physiologically most active phase.

• Baculoviruses are pathogens that attack insects and other arthropods.
• The majority of baculoviruses used as biological control agents fall under the genus Nucleopolyhedrovirus.

Hence, the correct option is C.
NCERT Reference: Topic- MICROBES AS BIOCONTROL AGENTS” of chapter "Microbes in Human Welfare" of NCERT.  

Topic in NCERT: Baculoviruses as biocontrol agents

Line in NCERT: "baculoviruses are pathogens that attack insects and other arthropods."

Primary treatment of sewage treatment involves physical removal of large and small particles like paper, plastic, pebble by passing through screen.

• This graph indicates stabilizing selection. As we can see, the peak gets higher and narrower.
• In this selection, most of the individuals acquire mean character value.

Crossing over is a process in genetics by which the two chromosomes of a homologous pair exchange equal segments with each other. Crossing over occurs in the first division of meiosis. At that stage, each chromosome has replicated into two strands called sister chromatids.
Translocation is the process of exchange of segments of two non-homologous pairs of chromosomes.
Chromosomal aberration is the alteration in the chromosome number or structural changes within the chromosome.
Transformation is the process of transfer of DNA from one bacterial cell to another.

Th G₂ Phase synthesizes RNAs, proteins and other biochemicals for spindle formation and M-Phase division. Both cell and nucleus grow in the G₂ Phase. The cell also undergoes a check phase at this stage.

Simple cuboidal epithelium is found lining the ovary, pancreatic ducts, and thyroid follicles. However, the Fallopian tube is lined with ciliated columnar epithelium, which helps in the movement of the ovum. Therefore, the correct answer is that the Fallopian tube is not lined by simple cuboidal epithelium.

In Basidiomycetes, the dikaryotic phase is crucial as it involves the coexistence of two haploid nuclei in one cell, which later fuse in a process called karyogamy. This phase is significant as it precedes the formation of basidiospores, which occur after nuclear fusion and meiosis within the basidium. This makes Option B the correct answer. Option A is incorrect as zoospores are not part of the Basidiomycetes lifecycle. Option C, while true for Basidiomycetes, does not specifically relate to the significance of the dikaryotic phase. Option D is incorrect because it misunderstands the necessity of nuclear fusion in spore formation in Basidiomycetes.

• Mangifera indica is the scientific name for mango.
• Mangifera represents the genus and indicia represents the species.
• Mangifera indica Linn. It indicates that this species was first described by Linnaeus.

Hence, the Correct Answer is D

NCERT Reference: Topic- Diversity in the living world from chapter "The Living world" of NCERT

During intense physical exercise, the CNS processes sensory information from muscles and organs, sending efferent impulses through the PNS to regulate actions like muscle contraction and heart rate. Simultaneously, the PNS sends afferent impulses back to the CNS from the lungs and heart, providing feedback, which is crucial for coordinating the response to the increased demand for oxygen and energy.
Topic in NCERT: PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
Line in NCERT: "The afferent nerve fibres transmit impulses from tissues/organs to the CNS and the efferent fibres transmit regulatory impulses from the CNS to the concerned peripheral tissues/organs."

Statement i is incorrect because there is no complete cure for HIV/AIDS, but the disease can be managed with treatment.
Statement ii is correct as anti-retroviral drugs help control the replication of HIV and can prolong life.
Statement iii is correct because safe sex practices and other preventive measures can reduce the transmission of HIV, and there is no current vaccine.
Statement iv is incorrect as HIV treatment can be effective throughout the course of the disease, not just in the early stages.
Thus, the correct answer is Option B: ii and iii.

Topic in NCERT: Treatment of aids with anti-retroviral drugs

Line in NCERT: "treatment of aids with anti-retroviral drugs is only partially effective. they can only prolong the life of the patient but cannot prevent death, which is inevitable."

This question asks to match types of white blood cells (List I) with their usual proportion in the blood (List II). The correct matchings are :

Eosinophils (A) - typically make up 1-6% of white blood cells, so the best match is (I) 6 - 8%

Lymphocytes (B) - typically make up 20-40% of white blood cells, but none of the options are in this range. However, since the other cells have more fitting matches, the remaining percentage (III) 20 - 25% would be the best fit.

Neutrophils (C) - these are the most common type of white blood cells, making up 50-70% of all white blood cells, so the best match is (IV) 60 - 65%

Monocytes (D) - typically make up 2-8% of white blood cells, so the best match is (II) 2 - 3%
So, the correct answer is Option C : A-(I), B-(III), C-(IV), D-(II)

• In angiosperms, the microsporangium represents the future pollen sac.
• Microsporangial wall has four types of layer - epidermis, endothecium, 1−3 middle layers and tapetum.
• The outer three wall layers perform the function of protection in the young anther and mechanism of dehiscence in the ripe anther.
• Tapetum provides nutrition to pollen.

• Statement i is correct because nucleic acids are indeed made up of polynucleotides that include ribose in RNA and deoxyribose in DNA.
• Statement ii is incorrect; the building blocks of nucleic acids are nucleotides, not amino acids (which are the building blocks of proteins).
• Statement iii is correct as it accurately lists the nitrogenous bases found in nucleic acids.
• Statement iv is incorrect; DNA contains deoxyribose, while RNA contains ribose.

Thus, the correct answer is C: i, iii, and iv.

• Primary structure of protein is formed by peptide linkages between two amino acids.
• Secondary structure, i.e. α-Helix and β-Sheath, of protein is formed by hydrogen bonds.
• Tertiary structure of protein is formed by disulphide linkages between different amino acids
• Quaternary structure is formed when multiple chains of polypeptides held together by hydrogen bonds.

• Each organised skeletal muscle in our body is made of a number of muscle bundles or fascicles held together by a common collagenous connective tissue layer called fascia.
• Each muscle bundle contains a number of muscle fibres.
• A characteristic feature of the muscle fibre is the presence of a large number of parallelly arranged filaments in the sarcoplasm called myofilaments or myofibrils.
• The portion of the myofibril between two successive ‘Z’ lines is considered as the functional unit of contraction and is called a sarcomere.

SAN (sino-atrial node) is located in the right upper y corner of right atrium. AV bundle continues from AVN (Atrio-ventricular node). Purkinje fibres are modified cardiac muscle fibres that originate from AV node and spread into two ventricles. The nodal musculature has the ability to generate action potential without any external stimuli i.e. it is autoexcitable. AVN is located in the lower left corner of the right atrium close to the atrio-ventricular septum.