JIPMER Biology Mock Test - 1 - NEET MCQ

Right answer is a. jointed appendages (arthro + pod) haemocoel and chitinous skeleton is exclusive feature of all arthropods. but wings are not exclusive features as they are not present in all arthropods. for example- insects like ant etc

The path followed by blood on one circuit through the heart is:
- Atrium: The journey begins in the atrium, which is the upper chamber of the heart. The atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs (in the case of the left atrium) or deoxygenated blood from the body (in the case of the right atrium).
- Atrioventricular (AV) valve: From the atrium, the blood flows through the atrioventricular valve. There are two types of AV valves: the tricuspid valve on the right side and the mitral valve on the left side. These valves prevent the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
- Ventricle: After passing through the AV valve, the blood enters the ventricle, which is the lower chamber of the heart. The left ventricle receives oxygenated blood from the left atrium, while the right ventricle receives deoxygenated blood from the right atrium.
- Semilunar valve: Once the ventricles are filled with blood, they contract and pump the blood out of the heart. The blood leaves the ventricles through the semilunar valves. There are two types of semilunar valves: the pulmonary valve, which allows blood to flow from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery and then to the lungs, and the aortic valve, which allows blood to flow from the left ventricle to the aorta and then to the rest of the body.
- Atrium: Finally, after passing through the semilunar valves, the blood returns to the atrium. In the case of the left circuit, oxygenated blood returns to the left atrium, while in the case of the right circuit, deoxygenated blood returns to the right atrium. This completes one circuit of blood flow through the heart.
Therefore, the correct answer is B: Atrium, Atrioventricular valve, Ventricle, Semilunar valve.

The nematocysts in Hydra is filled up with a poisonous fluid, known as hypnotoxin, which is protein in nature. Penetrant, the largest nematocysts in Hydra produce hypnotoxin. 

The prophase is the longest because a great deal of preparation for actual division takes place from early through late prophase, from spinning down the DNA/chromatin into chromosomes, to the dissolution of the nuclear membrane, to the initiation of spindle formation.

The answer should be D.because buffycoat, also known as Leuckocyte concentrate, is the fraction of an anticoagulated blood sample that contains most of the Leuckocytes and platelets following density gradient centrifugatiom of blood. it is used to extract DNA from the blood of mammals. 

Plasma makes up of 92% water, constitutes 55% of blood volume.

Dentition in mammals is a complex topic that involves the structure and arrangement of teeth. Let's break down the options and explain each one in detail:
Heterodont:
- Heterodont dentition refers to the presence of different types of teeth in the mouth.
- Mammals have heterodont dentition, meaning they possess a variety of tooth types, such as incisors, canines, premolars, and molars.
- Each type of tooth is specialized for a specific function, such as cutting, tearing, grinding, or crushing food.
Thecodont:
- Thecodont dentition refers to the condition in which teeth are set in sockets (alveoli) in the jawbone.
- Mammals do not have thecodont dentition, as their teeth are not deeply rooted in sockets but are attached to the jawbone by a root.
Diphyodont:
- Diphyodont dentition refers to the presence of two sets of teeth during an individual's lifetime.
- Mammals, including humans, have diphyodont dentition, meaning they develop two sets of teeth: the deciduous (baby or milk) teeth and the permanent teeth.
- The deciduous teeth are eventually replaced by the permanent teeth as the individual grows.
All of these:
- The correct answer to the question is "All of these" because all three options (heterodont, thecodont, and diphyodont) are characteristics of mammalian dentition.
- Mammals have heterodont dentition with different types of teeth, their teeth are not thecodont as they are not set in sockets, and they have diphyodont dentition with two sets of teeth during their lifetime.
In conclusion, the dentition in mammals is characterized by heterodont dentition, the absence of thecodont dentition, and the presence of diphyodont dentition. All three options are correct, making option D the correct answer.

Essential oils are those oils which are taken by external sources . here according to above statement oils which yield perfume.

D)Beet Root
As it contains high level of sucrose....

Answer:
Introduction:
A milk-like preparation can be made from the seeds of the soybean. Soy milk is a popular plant-based alternative to dairy milk and is widely consumed by people who are lactose intolerant, vegan, or looking for a dairy-free option.
Explanation:
To understand why soybean seeds can be used to make a milk-like preparation, let's look at the process of making soy milk:
1. Soaking: The soybean seeds are soaked in water overnight or for several hours to soften them and make them easier to blend.
2. Grinding: The soaked soybeans are then ground into a fine paste using a blender or food processor. This step helps to break down the beans and release their natural oils.
3. Straining: The ground soybean paste is mixed with water and strained through a cheesecloth or fine-mesh strainer to separate the solids from the liquid. The resulting liquid is soy milk.
4. Cooking: The soy milk is then heated to a boiling point to kill any potential bacteria and improve its flavor. Sweeteners, flavorings, or thickeners can be added during this step to enhance the taste and texture of the soy milk.
5. Cooling and Storage: Once the soy milk has been cooked, it is cooled down and can be stored in the refrigerator for several days.
Advantages of Soy Milk:
- Nutritional Benefits: Soy milk is a good source of protein, calcium, and vitamin D, making it a healthy choice for those who cannot consume dairy products.
- Lactose-Free: Soy milk is lactose-free, making it suitable for people with lactose intolerance.
- Vegan-Friendly: As a plant-based alternative, soy milk is suitable for vegans and vegetarians.
- Versatility: Soy milk can be used in various recipes, such as smoothies, coffee, baking, and cooking.
In conclusion, soybean seeds can be used to make a milk-like preparation called soy milk. It is a popular dairy-free alternative consumed by individuals with dietary restrictions or those who prefer plant-based options.

India (majority in West Bengal) & Bangladesh together contribute approximately 85% of world's total Jute production.

Cast nets are nets that are thrown or cast into the water. When thrown, the net opens up in a large flat circular shape and sinks quickly to the bottom. The net is then pulled up out of the water and the catch is emptied. Cast nets are used to catch bait fish, shrimp, and pan-sized fish.

The influence of soil on plant behavior is known as edaphic factor. Here is a detailed explanation of the influence of soil on plant behavior:
Importance of Soil
Soil is a vital component for plant growth and development. It provides physical support, nutrients, water, and oxygen to the plants. The composition of soil greatly affects the behavior and growth patterns of plants.
Edaphic Factor
The influence of soil on plant behavior is referred to as the edaphic factor. It includes various soil characteristics and properties that impact plant growth. Some of the key edaphic factors are:
1. Soil Texture: The texture of soil, which refers to the proportion of sand, silt, and clay particles, affects the water-holding capacity and drainage of the soil. It determines the root penetration and nutrient availability for plants.
2. Soil pH: The pH level of soil determines its acidity or alkalinity. Different plants have different pH requirements for optimal growth. Soil pH affects nutrient availability and the activity of microorganisms in the soil.
3. Soil Structure: The arrangement and bonding of soil particles influence the aeration, water movement, and root penetration in the soil. Good soil structure promotes healthy root development and nutrient uptake.
4. Soil Nutrients: The availability of essential nutrients in the soil affects plant growth and development. Soil nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and micronutrients are necessary for various plant metabolic processes.
5. Soil Organic Matter: The presence of organic matter in the soil improves its fertility, water-holding capacity, and nutrient availability. Organic matter also enhances soil structure and promotes beneficial microbial activity.
6. Soil Moisture: The water content in the soil is crucial for plant growth. Different plants have different moisture requirements. Soil moisture affects the availability of nutrients and the uptake of water by plant roots.
Conclusion
The influence of soil on plant behavior, known as the edaphic factor, encompasses various soil characteristics such as texture, pH, structure, nutrients, organic matter, and moisture. Understanding and managing these edaphic factors are essential for optimizing plant growth and productivity.

Answer:
Introduction:
Of all the species of insects known, nearly 70-80% are found in various habitats around the world. However, the majority of these insect species are concentrated in specific regions. In this question, we are asked to identify the habitat where the highest number of insect species can be found.
Explanation:
To find the correct answer, let's analyze each option:
A: Tropical savannah:
- Tropical savannahs are characterized by grasslands with scattered trees and shrubs.
- While insects can be found in this habitat, it is not known for having the highest insect diversity.
- Therefore, option A is unlikely to be the correct answer.
B: Chapparal:
- Chaparrals are characterized by dense, evergreen shrubs and small trees.
- Although insects can be found in this habitat, it is not typically known for having high insect diversity.
- Therefore, option B is unlikely to be the correct answer.
C: Tropical rainforests:
- Tropical rainforests are known for their high biodiversity and are home to a wide range of species, including insects.
- The warm and humid conditions in tropical rainforests provide a suitable environment for many insect species to thrive.
- Due to the sheer abundance of insect species found in tropical rainforests, option C is the most likely correct answer.
D: Deciduous forests:
- Deciduous forests are characterized by trees that lose their leaves seasonally.
- While insects can be found in this habitat, it does not typically have the highest insect diversity compared to tropical rainforests.
- Therefore, option D is unlikely to be the correct answer.
Conclusion:
Based on the analysis above, it can be concluded that the correct answer is Tropical rainforests (option C). These habitats are known for their high insect diversity, with nearly 70-80% of all known insect species found in tropical rainforests.

Epinephrine, also called adrenaline,hormone that is secreted mainly by the medulla of the adrenal glandsand that functions primarily to increase cardiac output and to raise glucose levels in the blood. Strong emotions such as fear or anger cause epinephrine to be released into the bloodstream, which causes an increase in heart rate, muscle strength, blood pressure, and sugar metabolism.

Bacteria in an ecosystem:
Bacteria play a crucial role in ecosystems as they contribute to various biogeochemical cycles and are involved in nutrient recycling. In terms of their ecological role and position in the food chain, bacteria are considered as micro-consumers. Here's a detailed explanation:
1. Micro-consumers:
- Micro-consumers are organisms that consume organic matter, usually in the form of dead plant and animal material, and break it down into simpler forms.
- Bacteria are microscopic organisms that decompose organic matter and release nutrients back into the ecosystem.
- They feed on dead organic material, such as fallen leaves, dead animals, and waste products, converting them into simpler compounds through the process of decomposition.
- By breaking down complex organic matter, bacteria make nutrients available for other organisms to use.
2. Macro-consumers:
- Macro-consumers are larger organisms that feed on other organisms.
- Examples of macro-consumers include herbivores (animals that feed on plants), carnivores (animals that feed on other animals), and omnivores (animals that consume both plants and animals).
- Bacteria are not considered macro-consumers as they do not directly feed on other organisms in the ecosystem.
3. Primary consumers:
- Primary consumers are herbivores that feed directly on plants to obtain energy.
- Bacteria do not fit into this category as they do not directly consume plant material.
4. Secondary consumers:
- Secondary consumers are carnivores that feed on primary consumers.
- Bacteria are not classified as secondary consumers as they do not consume other organisms in the food chain.
In conclusion, bacteria are considered as micro-consumers in an ecosystem. They play a vital role in nutrient cycling and decomposition, breaking down complex organic matter and releasing nutrients back into the ecosystem.

This is because addison and cushing are due to degeneration of adrenal gland and acromegaly is due to oversecretion of growth hormone in adults simmond disease is due to atrophy of anterior lobe of pituitary gland.

C) Okazaki fragments form during DNA replication because DNA is anti parallel and can only be synthesized in one direction (3' to 5'). Because of this, at each replication fork, there is a leading strand, that is synthesized in the 3' to 5' direction, and a lagging strand, synthesized in the 5' to 3' direction. Cells do not have a mechanism for 5' to 3' DNA synthesis, so instead they use short segments, called Okazaki fragments, of 3' to 5' synthesis, and then join them together.

Papaver somniferum.Opium is obtained from the opium poppy (papaver somniferum) by scraping the unripe seed capsule, and then collecting and drying the rubbery exudate. The name opium comes from the Greek opion, or poppy juice. It is important as a painkilling drug in its own right,

In test cross phenotypes and genotypes ratio are the same.

An alternative form of a character in a pair, controlled by a single gene is called Allele. It is dominant either in a homozygous or heterozygous state.

So, the correct option is ‘Both homozygous or heterozygous’.

"Ishihara test" is used in diagnosis of red-green ... morecolour blindness... protanopia(red colour blindness) and Deuteranopia (green colour blindness) are allosomal disorders while Tritanopia(blue colour blindness) is autosomal disorder.. So, it means that the colour blind person cannot distinguish between red n green colours.

Clotting of collected blood can be prevented by :
- coating test tubes with silicon (which produces non-wettable surface similar in its smoothness to endothelial lining of blood vessels)
- adding chelating agents (includes trisodium citrate, sodium oxalate and sodium EDTA) which remove calcium which is important for blood coagulation, and prevent blood clotting. Hence test tube containing calcium carbonate cannot be used.
- adding heparin, most powerful anticoagulant which acts indirectly by activating plasma antithrombin III. Heparin is effective both in vivo and in vitro.

A liquid called perilymph, the properties of which closely resemble those of cerebrospinal fluid, flows between the bony and membranous labyrinths. Another fluid, called endolymph, is contained in the membranous labyrinth. The endolymph has concentrations of electrolytes that differ from those of typical bodyfluids.

Radial Symmetry in Star Fish:
- Star fish belongs to a group of animals called echinoderms, which are known for their radial symmetry.
- Radial symmetry means that the body parts of the organism are arranged around a central axis in a circular pattern.
- In the case of star fish, their body plan is characterized by five or more arms radiating out from a central disk.
- Each arm of the star fish is a mirror image of the others, and they can regenerate their arms if they are damaged or lost.
- This radial symmetry allows star fish to move in any direction and to capture prey from any angle.
Other Options:
- Apple Snail: Apple snails do not possess radial symmetry. They have a coiled shell and a distinct head-foot region.
- Frog: Frogs do not possess radial symmetry. They have bilateral symmetry, where their body can be divided into two equal halves along a single plane.
- Pigeon: Pigeons do not possess radial symmetry. They also have bilateral symmetry, similar to frogs.
Conclusion:
- Among the given options, only the star fish possesses radial symmetry.
- Its body plan is characterized by multiple arms radiating out from a central disk, giving it a circular pattern of body parts.

Adenoids (or pharyngeal tonsils, or nasopharyngeal tonsils) are a mass of lymphoid tissue situated at the very back of the nose, in the roof of the nasopharynx, where the nose blends into the mouth