Edible Education 101: Farming: Food; Soil; Climate and Water with David Mas Masumoto Video Lecture | Edible Education: Understand Food & its production - Personal Skills

MAN: WE
WANT
TO HELP YOU
KIND OF
DEVELOP THE SKILLS OF REFLECTING
AND THEN TURNING REFLECTION INTO
ACTION.
WE WANT THIS COURSE TO HELP YOU
GET ACTIVATED AND EMPOWERED TO
MAKE CHANGE.
WE WANT YOU TO DEVELOP WHAT I
WOULD CALL FOOD SYSTEM
INTELLIGENCE.
IT IS KIND OF A SKEPTICAL MIND
SET.
IT IS A MIND SET THAT CAN TEAR
THROUGH NOISE AND CONFUSION AS
ALICE MENTIONED LAST WEEK
TERMINOLOGY AND DISHONEST TEE TO
REALLY UNDERSTAND THE TRUTH AND
THEN UNDERSTAND HOW THAT TRUTH
RELATES TO YOUR OWN VALUES.
THEN WE WANT TO HELP YOU DEVELOP
A PLAN OF ACTION AND ALSO SEE
HOW YOUR EDUCATIONAL EXPERIENCE
MIGHT TRANSLATE OR MANIFEST IN
PARTICIPATING EITHER
PROFESSIONALLY OR IN SOME
CAPACITY IN THE $7 TRILLION FOOD
SYSTEM.
SO THIS IS OUR OPPORTUNITY NOW
TO TAKE ATTENDANCE.
SO FOR THOSE OF YOU THAT ARE
TAKING THIS COURSE FOR A
GRADE -- BY THE WAY I SHOULD
HAVE MENTIONED ON THE GRADING,
YOU GET ONE POINT OR TURNING IN
YOUR QUESTION ON TIME.
YOU GET A HALF A POINT FOR
TURNING IT IN LATE BUT BEFORE
THE CLASS STARTS.
YOU GET 0 POINTS FOR TURNING IT
IN AFTER THE CLASS STARTS.
MANY OF YOU GOT A POINT.
AND THEN OF ALL OF THE QUESTIONS
WE GET WE HAVE 217 STUDENTS
REGISTERED FOR THE CLASS.
EVERY WEEK THE READERS SELECT
THREE QUESTIONS EACH AND OF
THOSE NINE QUESTIONS, I PICK
THREE OR FOUR TO TRY TO WEAVE
INTO THE CONVERSATION WITH OUR
GUEST, AND WE WILL ACKNOWLEDGE
YOU FOR YOUR CONTRIBUTION OF A
QUESTION, AND IF YOUR QUESTION
WAS ONE OF THOSE NINE SELECTED,
WE ARE GOING TO PUT YOU IN A
DRAWING FOR A LUNCH OR DINNER AT
CHEZ PANISSE.
OH, NOW YOU ARE INSPIRED AND
MOTIVATED.
(LAUGHTER)
MAN: SO HERE IS TODAY'S
ATTENDANCE QUESTION.
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING TERMS IS
NOT A FAST FOOD VALUE PER ALICE
WATER'S LECTURE LAST WEEK, A,
UNIFORMITY, B, SPEED, C,
TRANSPARENCY, D, CHEAPNESS, E,
TERMINOLOGY.
WOMAN: WE WILL GIVE YOU ABOUT 20
MORE SECONDS.
88 PERCENT GOT THE RIGHT ANSWER.
WELL DONE.
WE HAVE A LITTLE OVER 260 OF OUR
217 REGISTERED TODAY.
AS YOU KNOW EACH WEEK YOU GET
SOME READINGS AND THE READINGS
ARE OFTEN RECOMMENDED BY ME OR
OUR GUESTS.
THIS WEEK YOU HAVE THE GREAT
PRIVILEGE OF READING SOMEBODY'S
WRITING WHO REALLY KNOWS HOW TO
WRITE.
DAVID MAS MASUMOTO IS A LYRIC
FARMER.
HIS WRITING IS VERY PERSONAL AND
I HOPE HE WILL READ SOMETHING TO
US TONIGHT.
LAST WEEK WE TALKED ABOUT ALICE
TALKED A LOT ABOUT FIRST VALUES.
WHEN SHE FIRST GAVE THE LECTURE,
I THOUGHT SHE WAS REALLY JUST
TALKING ABOUT FOOD AND FAST
FOOD.
THE MORE I REFLECTED ON IT SHE
WAS TALKING ABOUT OUR CULTURE.
SHE IS TALKING ABOUT CULTURE
BROADLY.
SHE TALKED ABOUT HER FAST FOOD
VALUES AND SHOWCASED THE NOTIONS
OF UNIFORMITY, SPEED AND WITH
SPEED COMES MULTI-TASKING AND
WITH MULTI-TASKING COMES
FRAGMENTED ATTENTION AND LACK OF
CONCENTRATION WITH LACK OF
CONCENTRATION COMES EXPECTATIONS
FOR INSTANT GRATIFICATION, AND A
WHOLE PLETHORA OF OTHERS.
SHE TALKED ABOUT UBIQUITY OF
AVAILABILITY THAT WE EXPECT
EVERYTHING SHOULD BE AVAILABLE
ANY TIME, ANYWHERE WE NEED IT.
THROUGH THIS, WE TEND TO START
DIMINISHING THE APPRECIATION OF
THE UNIQUENESS OF THINGS.
THERE'S A WONDERFUL JAPANESE
TERM CALLED WABISABI.
DOES ANYBODY KNOW WHAT IT MEANS?
IT MEANS THE PERFECTION AND I AM
PERFECTION.
IT IS A QUALITY THAT JAPANESE
POTTERS WOULD GIVE TO THEIR
HANDMADE VESSELS WHEN THEY WOULD
MAKE SAY TEA BOWLS.
THEY WOULD LOOK AND FIND WHAT
WAS IMPERFECT ABOUT IT AND IT
WAS THAT I AM PERFECTION SHE
WOULD HONOR BECAUSE IT WASN'T
UNIFORM LIKE EVERYTHING ELSE.
SHE TALKED ABOUT -- CHEAPNESS.
SHE TALKED ABOUT HOW THE WAYS
OUR FARM BILLS ARE STRUCTURED
AND SUBSIDIES COME INTO THE
FARMING EQUATION IT IS HARD TO
SEE WHAT THE REAL COST OF FOOD
IS.
WE WILL GET A FIRST HAND ACCOUNT
FROM THE FARMING PERSPECTIVE
TODAY.
SHE ALSO TALKED ABOUT DISHONESTY
AND TERMINOLOGY.
THIS WAS AN ILLUSTRATION OF WHAT
GOES FOR CAGE FREE EGGS.
THIS IS WHAT CAGE FREE EGGS LOOK
LIKE.
MORE IS BETTER.
THESE ARE FAST FOOD VALUES.
I HOPE ALL OF YOU HAVE AN INDEX
CARD.
EVERYBODY HAVE AN INDEX CARD?
IF YOU NEED ONE RAISE YOUR HAND.
WHAT I WOULD LIKE YOU TO DO IS
TAKE OUT YOUR PEN AND REFLECT
FOR A MINUTE.
TAKE A SECOND AND WRITE DOWN 3
TO 5 VALUES THAT YOU HOLD DEAR,
THAT YOU CHERISH, THAT YOU WOULD
PROTECT AND PRESERVE AND ACT ON
BEHALF OF.
WHAT WILL 3 TO 5 VALUES THAT YOU
CARE ABOUT, VALUES ARE WHAT DO
WE CARE ABOUT DEEPLY?
TAKE A FEW MORE MINUTES.
IF YOU NEED MORE TIME TO REFLECT
ON THIS THAT'S PERFECTLY OKAY.
NOW I WANT YOU TO FLIP THE CARD
OVER.
TAKE A SECOND.
I WANT YOU TO THINK ABOUT WHAT
FAST FOOD VALUE HAVE YOU
UNWITTINGLY ADOPTED OR
PRACTICED.
WHAT'S A FAST FOOD VALUE THAT
MAYBE HAS CREEPED INTO YOUR OWN
LIFE, MAYBE YOU ARE NOT PROUD
OF, NOT NECESSARILY A VALUE YOU
THINK YOU HOLD, BUT IT MAY BE
ONE THAT YOU ARE ACTUALLY
PRACTICING.
CAN YOU THINK OF SOMETHING
THAT'S A FAST FOOD VALUE THAT
HAS CREEPED INTO YOUR LIFE?
ALL RIGHT.
LET'S START WITH THE FAST FOOD
VALUES.
WHO HAS A FAST FOOD VALUE THEY
WANT TO SHARE?
DON'T BE SHY.
WOMAN: UNIFORMITY.
MAN: IN WHAT WAY?
HOW HAS THAT CREEPED INTO YOUR
LIFE?
WOMAN: (INAUDIBLE ANSWER).
MAN: SO BEING REALLY STRICT
ABOUT YOUR ROUTINE.
WHO ELSE?
WOMAN: (INAUDIBLE)
MAN: MECHANIZATION.
WHO ELSE HAS SOMETHING A LITTLE
DIFFERENT?
WOMAN: (INAUDIBLE ANSWER)
MAN: MORE IS BETTER THINKING YOU
NEED TO BE PRODUCTIVE ALL
OF THE
TIME.
WOMAN: (INAUDIBLE)
MAN: EFFICIENCY.
OKAY VERY IMPATIENT.
FLIP IT OVER AND GIVE ME A
COUPLE OF THE VALUES YOU
CHERISH.
WHO HAS ONE YOU WANT TO SHARE.
ANYBODY?
MAN: INTEGRITY.
MAN: WHAT DOES THAT MEAN TO YOU?
MAN: (INAUDIBLE)
MAN: INTEGRITY IS DOING WHAT YOU
SAY YOU ARE GOING TO DO.
BRINGING GOOD INTENTION.
THAT'S GOOD.
MAN: HEALTH.
MAN: THE VALUE OF HEALTH.
MAN: (INAUDIBLE)
MAN: DID EVERYBODY HEAR THAT?
HEALTH, TAKING CARE OF ONE'S
SELF, ONE'S BODY WHAT THEY PUT
IN THEIR BODY.
YEAH, UP THERE.
SAY THAT AGAIN?
WOMAN: (INAUDIBLE).
MAN: SO LIVING YOUR OWN EDIBLE
LIFE IN A WAY THAT YOU ARE FREE
OF CRUELTY.
LESS HARM.
SO BEING MINDFUL OF THAT.
ONE MORE.
MAN: ALL RIGHT.
REFLECTION.
REFLECTION IS A VALUE MEANING I
AM GOING TO LOOK BACK ON WHAT I
DID AND BECOME MORE AWARE OF
WHAT I AM DOING.
THIS IS A BIG STEP IN EDIBLE
EDUCATION, HONESTLY, IS THIS
PROCESS OF REFLECTION.
SOMETIMES IF YOU ARE OVERLY
MECHANIZED OR SCHEDULED OR
RIGOROUSLY PRODUCTIVE, ARE YOU
PUTTING IN THE APPROPRIATE TIME
TO KIND OF REFLECT ON WHAT YOU
ARE DOING?
THE REASON WE WANTED TO GIVE YOU
A CARD WAS SO THAT YOU MIGHT
HOLD THIS KIND OF SEPARATE FROM
ALL OF YOUR OTHER STUFF AND
REFLECT ON IT DURING THE WEEK
AND MAYBE REFINE IT.
WHAT WE REALLY LIKE IS FOR YOU
AS THE COURSE PROGRESSES TO
REFINE THESE VALUES AND ALMOST
BE ABLE TO COME UP WITH YOUR OWN
STATEMENT OF CORE VALUES, AND
PARTICULARLY THOSE CORE VALUES
THAT IMPACT THE WAY YOU EAT AND
PARTICIPATE IN THE FOOD SYSTEM.
THINK ABOUT THAT.
WE ARE PLANTING A SEED FOR ONE
OF YOUR FUTURE PAPERS.
ALICE -- LAST WEEK I WAS LOOKING
AT THIS PICTURE.
HOW MANY OF YOU PARTICIPATED IN
THE FARMER'S MARKET LAST WEEK
AND WENT HOME WITH A BUNCH OF
VEGETABLES.
A LOT OF PEOPLE.
QUITE AMAZING.
ALICE BROUGHT SEVERAL TABLES OF
PRODUCE, AND IT MADE ME THINK
THERE WERE SEVERAL VALUES THAT
WERE PART OF THE FOOD MOVEMENT
THAT SHE DIDN'T ARTICULATE, ONE
REALLY BEING GENEROSITY.
SHE WAS VERY GENEROUS.
SHE IS A GENEROUS PERSON TO COME
TEACH, TO GIVE AWAY THE FOOD.
SHE OFTEN SAYS TO ME, WE HAVE TO
WIN THEM OVER.
SHE WINS PEOPLE OVER THROUGH
GENEROSITY.
IT'S A VERY IMPORTANT VALUE IN
THE FOOD MOVEMENT.
ANOTHER VALUE THAT I THINK KIND
OF WENT UNSAID BUT ACTUALLY
DEMONSTRATED IS THIS NOTION OF
GRATITUDE, BEING THANKFUL FOR
THE OPPORTUNITIES WE HAVE, BEING
THANKFUL FOR THE FOOD THAT WAS
WITH US, BEING THANKFUL FOR THE
GUESTS THAT WE HAVE, WHAT HAVE
YOU, BUT THE PRACTICE OF
GRATITUDE CERTAINLY IS SOMETHING
THAT CAN BE PART OF A REFLECTIVE
PROCESS TO DEVELOP MORE
AWARENESS AGAIN ABOUT YOUR OWN
ROLE AND THE FOOD SYSTEM.
TONIGHT I WANTED TO INTRODUCE A
COUPLE MORE THEMES FOR THE
COURSE TO THINK ABOUT.
DISRUPTION WAS A THEME THAT WAS
IN THE READING THAT MAS
SUGGESTED.
WE ARE IN A VERY INTERESTING
TIME RIGHT NOW KIND OF MASSIVE
DISRUPTION AND UPHEAVAL.
PEOPLE USE THIS WORD IN MANY
DIFFERENT WAYS.
SOME PEOPLE COME TO UC BERKELEY
TO LEARN HOW TO DISRUPT AN
INDUSTRY OR A CATEGORY OR A
BUSINESS, HOW TO CHANGE THE WAY
OF AN INCUMBENT.
IN MAS' ARTICLE WE LEARN THE
TRACTOR DISRUPTED THE HORSE.
THEN I HEARD IN ANOTHER CLASS
THIS LAST WEEK A LOT OF THE SELF
DRIVING AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE
TECHNOLOGY WHICH WE ARE ALL
HEARING ABOUT NOW FROM UBER HAS
ACTUALLY BEEN AROUND FOR YEARS
AT A LITTLE COMPANY CALLED JOHN
DEERE THAT HAS TRACTORS.
IT TURNS OUT THE AUTONOMOUS
INTELLIGENCE FOR VEHICLES
STARTED ON THE FARM.
DISRUPTION ALSO LEADS TO
DISPLACEMENT.
WHENEVER THERE'S A DISRUPTION,
THERE'S GENERALLY A
DISPLACEMENT.
THAT DISPLACEMENT CAN BE VERY
PAINFUL FOR THOSE THAT WERE
DISPLACED.
WE ARE EXPERIENCING A LOT OF
THAT RIGHT NOW IN OUR COUNTRY
WHERE THERE'S KIND OF A
PREVAILING MENTALITY OF WINNERS
AND LOSERS.
I WANT US TO BECOME AWARE THAT
DISRUPTION MAY BE GOOD, BUT IT
ALSO CREATES DISPLACEMENT, AND
THOSE WHO ARE DISRUPTING, DO
THEY BEAR ANY RESPONSIBILITY FOR
THE DISPLACEMENT?
THAT'S AN INTERESTING QUESTION.
OR PERHAPS IN THIS DISPLACEMENT
THEY ARE NOT THINKING ABOUT OR
IN THE DISRUPTION THEY ARE NOT
THINKING OR ARE EVEN AWARE OF
THE DISPLACEMENT.
I SEE THIS VERY INTERESTING.
IT WILL TIE INTO NEXT WEEK'S
LECTURE AND THE NEXT LECTURE
WHEN WE TALK ABOUT LABOR.
WE ARE TALKING ABOUT ROBOTS.
THE CHANGING LABOR
CHARACTERISTICS AROUND THE WORLD
AS IT RELATES TO FOOD.
TWO OTHER CONCEPTS TO SHARE WITH
YOU, SCALE.
YOU ARE GOING TO HEAR A LOT OF
COMPETING VISIONS OF HOW THE
FOOD MOVEMENT AND THE FOOD
SYSTEM SHOULD WORK.
RIGHT NOW IT PRETTY MUCH WORKS
AT A GLOBAL MULTI-NATIONAL
SCALE.
THE STORIES YOU WILL HEAR ABOUT
TONIGHT ARE OF A SMALL PORTION
OF THE FOOD SYSTEM.
BUT THERE'S ALSO ATTENTION WITH
SCALE ABOUT THE SOUL OF THE
ENTERPRISE.
ANOTHER VALUE YOU HEARD ABOUT A
LOT LAST WEEK FROM ALICE AND IT
SORT OF PERMEATES EVERYTHING WE
ARE TALKING ABOUT IS THE NOTION
OF A BIOLOGICAL SYSTEM WHERE
EVERYTHING IS INTERCONNECTED.
TONIGHT WE ARE GOING TO TALK
ABOUT FARMING AS IT RELATES TO
THE INTERCONNECTEDNESS BETWEEN
SOIL AND WATER AND HAIR AND
NUTRITION AND HUMAN HEALTH AND
CLIMATE HEALTH AND ECONOMIC
HEALTH, CULTURAL HEALTH, AND OUR
GUEST TONIGHT REALLY WAS
THINKING THERE'S PROBABLY NOBODY
THAT KNOWS MORE ABOUT RIPENESS
THAN DAVID MAS MASUMOTO.
MAS, I MET I WAS THINKING BACK I
THINK IT WAS IN 2000 OR 2001.
IT WAS AT AN EVENT I HELPED
ORGANIZE AND HE BROUGHT TWO OR
THREE OF HIS BEAUTIFUL FRUIT
TREES TO GIVE AWAY AS GIFTS TO
PARTICIPANTS AT THIS GATHERING.
IT WAS REALLY ALL ABOUT LAND
USE.
HE READ FROM HIS BOOK, AND I WAS
REALLY TOUCHED.
FOR THOSE OF YOU WHO READ HIS
BIOGRAPHY YOU KNOW HE IS A UC
BERKELEY GRADUATE.
MAN: A LONG TIME AGO.
MAN: HE HAPPENS TO HAVE A
DAUGHTER WHO IS A UC BERKELEY
GRADUATE WHO IS NOW PART OF THE
FAMILY BUSINESS.
I WOULD LOVE FOR YOU TO TALK A
LITTLE BIT ABOUT THAT.
HE IS REALLY A REMARKABLE, AWARD
WINNING AUTHOR.
WORLD'S GREATEST TEACHER.
WITHOUT FURTHER ADIEU PLEASE
WELCOME DAVID MAS MASUMOTO.
(APPLAUSE)
MAN: THANK YOU VERY MUCH.
IT IS A PLEASURE TO BE HERE.
I WOULD ADD (INDISCERNIBLE).
IT'S A PLEASURE TO HEAR SOME OF
THE STORIES.
I AM GOING TO BEGIN WITH A
PASSAGE FROM MY DAUGHTER.
ON OUR FARM WE GROW SOMETHING OF
VALUE WHILE KEEPING AND SHARING
OUR VALUES.
OUR LIFE IS BUILT AROUND A
NETWORK OF RELATIONSHIPS AND
SHARING THE MEANING OF
EMPTINESS, LIKE THE FEELING IN
THE STILLNESS OF A SUMMER
MORNING JUST BEFORE THE RUSH OF
HARVEST OR IN THE SOLITUDE OF
STANDING ON A FARMHOUSE PORCH IN
THE MIDDLE OF THE NIGHT ALONE.
I BRING THAT UP TO CONTRAST SOME
OF THE DYNAMICS OF LOOKING AT
FARMS THROUGH DIFFERENT LENSES.
WILL TALKED ABOUT WABISABI.
IT IS A TERM I GREW INTO AND
USED ON MY FARM.
IT TRANSLATES INTO LIFE IS
IMPERMANENT, WORK IS INCOMPLETE.
I THINK IT IS APPROPRIATE GIVEN
TODAY'S DYNAMIC ESPECIALLY WITH
THE POLITICAL DISRUPTION THAT'S
OCCURRING NOW.
TONIGHT I WANT TO TALK ABOUT
ECOSYSTEMS.
USUALLY YOU THINK OF ECOSYSTEMS
IN TERMS OF BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS
WHERE YOU LOOK AT BIOLOGY OF
LIFE ON A FARM WHICH INCLUDES
PLANTS, BACTERIA, SOIL,
MICROORGANISMS AND HOW THEY ALL
WORK TOGETHER AND ARE
INTERCONNECTED WITH EACH OTHER.
IT IS A SYSTEM THAT WORKS AS ONE
IN MANY WAYS.
TONIGHT I WANT TO EXPAND THAT
VISION TO LOOK AT LIFE ON A FARM
NOT ONLY WHAT'S GROWN IN OUR
ORGANICS AND RAISINS, BUT
ECOSYSTEM ON A FARM THAT IS
ABOUT THE FARM AND THE FARMER,
ABOUT THOSE WHO WORK THE FARM
WHICH NECESSARILY INCLUDES FARM
WORKERS AND ALL OF THOSE WHO ARE
A PART OF A SYSTEM WHICH
INCLUDES TRUCKERS, THE BROKERS,
THE MARKETERS, THE
RESTAURANTEURS AND ALL OF YOU IN
THIS ROOM.
IT IS ALL PART OF THE ECOSYSTEM
OF AN OPERATION OF A BUSINESS.
IT IS LOOKING AT THINGS NOT AS A
COMMODITY BUT SOMETHING THAT
CARRIES LIGHT WITHIN IT.
IT INVOLVES SOCIAL, CULTURAL AND
ECONOMIC CAPITAL.
IT EMBODIES LIFE THROUGH
STORIES.
THESE STORIES CAPTURE THAT
ESSENCE OF THE MEANING OF THE
ECOSYSTEM.
IT IS ABOUT SHARED VALUES THAT
YOU CAN FIND IN THE STORIES.
WHAT I LIKE ABOUT STORIES IT
GOES BEYOND A COMMODITY BASED
PERSPECTIVE.
YOU DON'T A -- ATTACH AN
ECONOMIC VALUE TO A STORY.
IT IS SOMETHING THAT GROWS ON
YOU.
I WILL READ ONE PASSAGE FROM ONE
OF MY EARLIER BOOKS THAT
CAPTURES THAT POWER OF STORY
THAT WILL SYMBOLIZE AND MANIFEST
THE WORK THAT I DO ON OUR FARM.
SUN CREST IS ONE OF THE LAST
REMAINING TRULY PIECES.
WHEN YOU WASH THAT TREASURE
UNDER A STREAM OF COOLING WATER
YOUR FINGER TIPS INSTINCTIVELY
SEARCH FOR THAT GUSHY SIDE OF
THE FRUIT.
YOUR MOUTH WATERS IN
ANTICIPATION.
YOU LEAN OVER THE SINK TO MAKE
SURE YOU DON'T DRIP ON YOURSELF.
YOU SINK YOUR TEETH INTO THE
FLESH AND THE JUICE TRICKLES
DOWN YOUR CHEEKS AND DANGLES ON
YOUR CHIN.
THIS IS THE REAL BITE, A PRIMAL
ACT, A MAGICAL SENSORY
CELEBRATION ANNOUNCING SUMMER
HAS ARRIVED.
THAT'S THE KIND OF PEACH THAT I
GROW.
THAT'S HOW, HOPEFULLY, PEOPLE
WILL ENJOY OUR PEACHES.
AGAIN, NOT AS A COMMODITY, BUT
AS SOMETHING THAT HAS A
DIFFERENT TYPE OF VALUE.
AT THE SENT HER -- CENTER OF OUR
FARM THAT I HOPE WAS CAPTURED
WITH HUMAN AND SOCIAL CAPITAL.
AGAIN, AN ECOSYSTEM THAT IS NOT
JUST BIOLOGICAL LIFE ON A FARM,
IT IS ALSO THE HUMAN AND
CULTURAL SOCIAL LIFE ON THE
FARM.
AND IT IS INTERESTING, BECAUSE I
AM TRYING TO PUT HUMANS BACK
INTO THE FOOD SYSTEM.
THE LAST 100 YEARS WITH THE RISE
OF INDUSTRIALIZATION, IT HAS
BEEN A DE PERSONALIZATION OF
FARMERS OFF THE LAND.
A CONSTANT TRENCH LINE TO PUSH
HUMANS OFF THE FARM AS
TECHNOLOGY AND MECHANIZATION
TOOK OVER.
SO WE ARE GOING TO START WITH A
QUIZ.
THE FIRST QUESTION IF THEY CAN
PICK IT UP.
IT TALKS ABOUT THE DE
PERSONALIZATION THAT'S OCCURRING
ON THE FARM.
YOU GET YOUR CLICKERS OUT AND
GET READY FOR THIS.
THE FIRST QUESTION, IN 1900 FARM
JOBS WERE APPROXIMATELY WHAT
PERCENT OF U.S. JOBS?
THIS IS 1900.
A, 58 PERCENT.
B, 38 PERCENT.
C, 22 PERCENT.
1900.
ARE WE READY?
AND THE RESULTS ARE --
THE
ANSWER MOST OF THEM GAVE A.
THE CORRECT ANSWER IS B.
38 PERCENT.
YOU WERE RIGHT IF YOU WERE ABOUT
20-YEARS INTO THE 1880'S.
1880'S IS WHEN THE MAJORITIES
STILL LIVED AND WORKED ON FARMS
IN AMERICA.
WHAT HAPPENED PRECISELY IN
AMERICA RIGHT AROUND THAT TIME?
THE GROWTH OF THE INDUSTRIAL
REVOLUTION.
AT THAT POINT THERE WAS A SHIFT
THAT OCCURRED ON THE FARM.
QUESTION NUMBER 2, TODAY FARM
JOBS ARE WHAT PERCENT OF U.S.
JOBS, A, 20.4.
B, 10.8.
C, 2.6.
REGISTER YOUR ANSWERS?
THE WINNER GETS A PEACH FROM OUR
FARM.
NO JUST KIDDING.
THE RESULTS ARE, MOST PEOPLE
SAID C.
WHO ANSWERED D?
THAT'S INTERESTING.
TRUE DISRUPTIVES.
THE CORRECT ANSWER IS 2.6.
THINK OF THAT COLLAPSE OF AN
INDUSTRY.
IF YOU THINK ABOUT FARMING
MAJORITY OF AMERICANS IN 1880
LIVED ON FARMS.
BY 190038 PERCENT AND IT DROPS
DOWN TO 2 PERCENT.
2 PERCENT HIT AROUND 1980 THEN
IT FLATTENED OUT.
WHY?
YOU STILL NEED SOME HUMANS ON
THE FARM.
IT POSSIBLY WON'T GO MUCH LOWER
THAN 2.6 PERCENT AT LEAST AS
LONG AS I AM ALIVE.
IF YOU READ THE ARTICLE ABOUT
HORSES IT IS THE SAME TREND LINE
THAT COLLAPSED ABOUT THEN.
IT IS INTERESTING, THOUGH, WHEN
YOU LOOK AT THOSE CHANGES YOU
HAVE TO REALIZE WHERE DID ALL OF
THOSE DISPLACED PEOPLE GO?
WERE THEY KICKED OFF THE FARM
INTO THE STREETS?
NO, THEY WERE ABSORBED BY WHAT?
THEY WERE ABSORBED BY INDUSTRIAL
AMERICA.
TAKING ALL THOSE JOBS.
PEOPLE WEREN'T KICKED OFF THE
FARM.
THEY WERE HAPPY TO LEAVE THE
FARM.
IT WAS HARD, PHYSICAL WORK AND
ISOLATING WORK AND THEY WORKED A
REGULAR JOB MONDAY THROUGH
FRIDAY.
THEY HAD WEEKEND OFF.
IT GAVE RISE TO A LEISURE
INDUSTRY.
THERE IS A WHOLE SHIFT THAT
OCCURRED FROM THAT.
IT WAS A DISRUPTION ON THE FARM,
BUT FOR MILLIONS IT WAS A HAPPY
DISRUPTION.
UNLIKE HORSES, WHEN THEY ARE
DISPLACED OFF THE FARM?
WHERE DID THEY GO?
THEY DIDN'T GO RETIRE TO THE
SUBURBS AND HAVE WEEKEND OFF.
WHEN YOU LOOK AT SOME OF THIS,
AGAIN, THINK OF THIS IDEA OF AN
ECOSYSTEM THAT IS OCCURRING AND
A MASSIVE CHANGE WITHIN THE LAST
100 TO 150 YEARS WHEN THE
MAJORITY OF US WERE FARMERS.
IF YOU GO BACK INTO MOST OF YOUR
FAMILY LINE TWO TO THREE
GENERATIONS BEFORE THEY WERE
FARMERS.
THERE ARE SOME POCKETS THAT LONG
AGO WHEN THEY IMMIGRATED OTHER
COUNTRIES LEFT THAT LIFESTYLE
BEHIND.
MOST OF US HAVE FARM BLOOD IN
OUR LINEAGE.
MOST OF US WON'T CLAIM THAT VERY
PROUDLY BUT THAT'S OKAY, TOO.
AGAIN, WHEN THERE WAS A SHIFT IN
AGRICULTURE, WHAT HAPPENED?
IT WAS A NATURALIZATION OF
CERTAIN COMMODITIES.
MAINLY THE BIG GRAINS, CORN,
WHEAT, SOYBEANS.
THAT WAS A NATURAL PROGRESSION.
YOU COULD SEE TRACTORS TAKING
OVER THOSE THAT WERE HARVESTED
BY HAND.
MY FATHER GREW COTTON AT ONE
TIME ON OUR FARM AND HAND PICKED
IT.
THAT WAS ONLY ABOUT 60 TO 70
YEARS AGO.
THAT IS PLACEMENT WASN'T ALWAYS
THAT RAPID.
AS WILL TALKED ABOUT, PART OF
THAT DISPLACEMENT OCCURRED WHERE
NOW YOU HAVE DRIVERLESS
TRACTORS.
YOU HAVE GPS SYSTEM IT IS SO THE
TRACTOR DRIVES ITSELF.
YOU HAVE BIG FARM EQUIPMENT AND
BIG OPEN LAND.
YOU CANNOT HAVE DRIVERLESS
TRACTORS ON OUR FARM BECAUSE
NONE OF MY ROWS ARE STRAIGHT.
YOU HAVE TO HAVE STRAIGHT ROWS.
YOU HAVE TO HAVE AREAS WHERE YOU
CAN TURN THE EQUIPMENT BECAUSE
THEY ARE MASSIVE SIZES.
IT IS THAT SHIFT THAT OCCURS IN
CERTAIN AREAS OF AGRICULTURE.
BUT PRODUCE IS ONE THAT STAYS
VERY, VERY LABOR INTENSIVE WITH
MANY HANDS ON THE FARM.
IT IS IRONIC BECAUSE NOW THERE
ARE FOOD SAFETY CONCERNS.
THERE'S A DEFINITION THAT THEY
OFTEN USE FOR CREATING STERILE
ENVIRONMENTS.
ONE OF THE CHALLENGES I HAVE IN
TERMS OF LOOKING AT WANTING TO
HAVE SAFE FOOD.
ON THE OTHER HAND WHAT IS SAFE
FOOD?
IS IT FOOD THAT GROWS AND IS
PROCESSED BY MACHINES AND
TECHNOLOGY?
TECHNOLOGY AND THE MACHINES ARE
BEING CLEANED.
SO WE ARE ALREADY FALLING INTO
THE TRAP OF DEFINITIONS AS ALICE
TALKED ABOUT LAST WEEK.
MOST OF YOU WILL PROBABLY
AUTOMATICALLY THINK HANDS HAVE
BACTERIA WHERE MACHINES ARE
CLEAN.
ONE IS GOOD AND ONE IS BAD.
FROM HEALTH OFFICIALS THEY ARE
SAYING THAT'S OPPOSITE.
WE NEED BACTERIA IN US.
WE NEED THAT KIND OF
MICROORGANISMS AROUND US.
THE UNHEALTHY POPULATIONS WILL
BE THOSE OF YOU WHO GREW UP WITH
ANTIBIOTICS, THE PINK STUFF.
REMEMBER THAT WHEN YOU WERE A
KID?
IN THE READING THAT YOU DID
THERE WAS A SECTION I WROTE
ABOUT GHOSTS IN THE FIELD.
THOSE GHOSTS ARE PART OF OUR
LIFE AND PART OF WHAT WE DO.
I WILL READ A PORTION OF THAT
THAT WAS IN -- THIS IS ANOTHER
BOOK I WROTE.
THIS WAS WRITTEN AS A SERIES OF
LETTERS.
THIS ONE WAS TO MY FATHER.
DEAR DAD I WORK WITH THE GHOSTS
OF FARM WORKERS.
THEY HAUNT ME MOSTLY IN WINTER
WHERE THE FALL HUGS THE EARTH
FOR DAYS.
I TRUDGE THROUGH THE FIELD
FORCING MYSELF TO VENTURE INTO
WET, BONE CHILLING COLD
LISTENING TO THE MOISTURE DRIP
FROM THE PEACH TREES AND
GRAPEVINES.
THAT'S WHAT THE GHOSTS GREET ME,
A SHADOW IN THE GRAY MIST,
SOMETHING FAMILIAR IN THE DESERT
MOVING METHODICALLY AMONG THE
GRAPEVINES, A FELLOW WORKER LOST
IN THE SILHOUETTE.
I WORK WITH GHOSTS IN MY FIELD.
THE REASON I KNOW THAT IS WE
HAVE 100-YEAR-OLD VINES IN FRONT
OF OUR HOUSE THAT WERE OBVIOUSLY
PRUNED 100 TIMES.
THE SCARS OF THE PRUNERS HELPED
SHAPE THE VINES.
WHEN I WAS A KID, A HIGH SCHOOL
KID MY DAD WANTED MAE TO PRUNE
THE TREES.
HE TAUGHT ME HOW TO PRUNE.
I MASSACRED THOSE TREES.
YEARS LATER I REGRET THAT
BECAUSE I HAVE TO LIVE WITH THE
HIGH SCHOOLER WHO WANTED TO GO
TO THE FOOTBALL GAME, WHO WANTED
TO GO DO WHAT I DID IN HIGH
SCHOOL, AND I LIVE WITH THE
SCARS OF THAT ON THE TREE.
I BRING THAT UP BECAUSE WE THINK
OF FOOD IN A NARROW CONTEXT OF
TODAY.
ALL FOOD HAS HISTORY WITH IT.
ON OUR FARM IT'S THE HISTORY OF
THE FARMER WHO OWNED THE LAND
BEFORE US AND THE FARMER BEFORE
THAT.
IN THE HISTORY OF MY
GRANDPARENTS IMMIGRANTS IN JAPAN
WORKING IN THE FIELDS AS FARM
WORKERS.
MY PARENTS WORKING IN THE SAME
FIELDS I HAVE NOW INHERITED
THAT.
IT'S THE HISTORY THAT HAS DARK
SIDES, TOO.
WHEN MY GRANDPARENTS IMMIGRATED
THEY COULD NOT OWN LAND IN
CALIFORNIA BECAUSE THERE ARE
LAND LAWS BARRING ORIENTALS FROM
BUYING LAND IN CALIFORNIA.
A NUMBER OF WESTERN STATES HAVE
SIMILAR LAWS.
SOUNDS FAMILIAR TO TODAY,
DOESN'T IT?
BARRING CERTAIN IMMIGRANTS
BECAUSE THEY WERE DIFFERENT.
RIGHT?
THAT'S A HISTORY THAT IS PART OF
OUR FARM.
PART OF OUR FARM HAD TO DO WITH
JAPANESE OR AMERICANS BEING
INCURRED DURING WORLD WAR II.
THIS IS THE 75TH ANNIVERSARY OF
THAT.
THEY LOOKED LIKE THE ENEMY.
MY PARENTS AND GRANDPARENTS WERE
IN PRISON IN THE ARIZONA DESERT
BEHIND BARBED WIRE FOR FOUR
YEARS.
THAT HISTORY IS PART OF OUR
FARM.
WHY?
PART OF IT WAS MY PARENTS CAME
BACK TO OUR AREA TO FARM.
WE DID NOT OWN FARMLAND BEFORE
THE WAR.
THEY WERE OCCURRING.
PART OF THAT LEGACY OF THAT
HISTORY IS VERY LITERALLY IN THE
SOIL THAT WE HAVE.
OF COURSE WHAT DOES THAT MEAN
TODAY?
POLITICS AND A NEW PRESIDENT,
YOU HEAR A LOT OF DEMONIZATION
OF IMMIGRANTS, THE TALK OF
DEPORTATION AND EXCLUSION.
YET THESE ARE SOME OF THE SAME
PEOPLE WHO HARVEST THE FOOD THAT
WE EAT TODAY.
ARE WE TALKING ABOUT A CLASS OF
PEOPLE WHO LIVE IN THE SHADOWS
THAT LIVE WITH THAT BIAS AND
RACISM.
HOW DOES THAT FIT OUR ECOSYSTEM?
THEY ARE OFTEN DIFFICULT.
THEY ARE PART OF THE HANDS THAT
YOU DON'T SEE THAT TOUCH OUR
FOOD.
SO THAT'S LOOKING AT THE FARMING
AND FOOD THROUGH A DIFFERENT
LENS.
IT IS NOT JUST FARMERS.
IT IS IN THE BACK OF THE HOUSE
OF PEOPLE THAT ARE WORKING THAT
YOU DON'T SEE BEHIND THE FOOD
THAT YOU EAT IN RESTAURANTS,
TOO.
IT IS ALL PART OF THAT HISTORY
THAT GETS WOVEN INTO THAT
ECOSYSTEM OF ALL FARMS THAT WE
HAVE.
NOW ON OUR FARMS WE HAVE
SOMETHING VERY UNIQUE.
WE HAVE A LONG TIME LINE.
WHY?
BECAUSE MY DAUGHTER IS TAKING
OVER THE FARM.
IT HAS CHANGED THE WAY I LOOK AT
THE FIELD, BECAUSE I ALWAYS
LOOKED AT HOW MANY HARVESTS DO I
HAVE LEFT?
I JUST TURNED 63.
SO AT 63, HOW MANY HARVESTS OF
PEACHES ARE IN ME?
10, 20?
THERE'S A FINE MIGHT HORIZON,
WITH OUR DAUGHTER TAKING IT OVER
WE CAN PLANT A NEW ORCHARD
KNOWING THAT IT WILL MATURE AND
SHE WILL SEE IT FOR DECADES
AFTER THAT.
IT CHANGES THE TIME LINES,
BECAUSE YOU DON'T THINK OF FOOD
OFTEN IN TERMS OF THESE
DIFFERENT TIME LINES.
WE THINK OF THE IMMEDIATE WITH
THAT.
AGAIN, WE WILL DESCRIBE MY
DAUGHTER.
SHE WENT TO BERKELEY HERE.
AND SHE MAJORED IN THE PERFECT
MAJOR THAT TOOK HER BACK TO THE
FARM.
SHE WAS A WOMAN AND GENDER STUDY
MAJOR HERE.
SHE LOVED IT.
THE A YOUNG WOMEN NOW ENTERING
THIS MALE DOMINATED PROFESSION.
SHE IS OUTSPOKEN.
SHE IS PART OF THIS CHANGING
WORLD OF AGRICULTURE PART OF THE
NEW ECOSYSTEM.
SHE CHALLENGES THAT OLD
DEFINITION, PART OF THAT
DISRUPTION WE WILL TALK ABOUT.
SHE ALSO GETS A LOT OF PUSH BACK
AT THE SAME TIME.
THAT'S WHY MAJORING IN WOMEN AND
GENDER STUDIES POSSIBLY WAS THE
EXACT RIGHT THING FOR HER.
IT'S A DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVE.
MY DAUGHTER WOULD LOVE THAT.
(LAUGHTER)
SO WHEN WE THINK IN TERMS OF THE
FOOD ECOSYSTEM HOW DOES THAT
ELEMENT FACTOR IN.
HOW DOES IT PLAY INTO THE FOODS
THAT WE EAT.
LET ME NOW GIVE YOU A FLAVOR OF
OUR FARM AND OUR DAUGHTER AND WE
ARE GOING TO PLAY A TRAILER FROM
A PBS DOCUMENTARY THAT WAS
NATIONALLY BROADCAST LAST MAY OF
LAST YEAR.
THAT'S THE OTHER ONE.
IT TALKS ABOUT OUR FARM.
THIS IS JUST A TRAILER TO THE
DOCUMENTARY.
MAN: HOW MANY HARVESTS DO WE
HAVE LEFT?
IF YOU TRY TO MAKE A RATIONAL
DECISION IT DOESN'T MAKE SENSE.
YOU PUT IN HOURS AND HOURS OF
LABOR THE ECONOMIC RETURN ON IT
IS DIFFICULT.
IT BREAKS DOWN IN YOUR BODY AND
I AM GETTING OLDER AND I AM VERY
AWARE OF THAT.
(INDISCERNIBLE)
MAN: I SAT THERE THINKING HOW
MANY HARVESTS DO I HAVE?
I STARTED THINKING HOW MANY
HARVESTS DO I HAVE?
THIS HAS ANOTHER WHOLE ROUND WE
CAN PICK ON.
MAN: MY DECISION TO COME BACK TO
THE CENTRAL VALLEY AND LIVE,
BEING KOREAN, BEING MIXED RACED,
BEING PROGRESSIVE, I CAME HOME
WITH NO ILLUSION THAT IT WOULD
BE EASY.
THERE IS A (INDISCERNIBLE).
I AM HERE AND I AM MAKING MY WAY
BUT THE BIG TIMING IS YET TO
COME.
MAN: THAT'S BETTER.
MAN: (INDISCERNIBLE)
SHE WANTS TO PASS THAT ON TO HER
CHILD AND AT THE SAME TIME THE
JOY OF HAVING YOUR OWN CHILD
FOLLOW.
THE ALL RIGHT?
MAN: I HAVE FOUND A HOME FOR
MYSELF HERE.
IT IS ON THE FARM AS A PEACEFUL
PLACE FOR ME TO BE FREE WITH THE
TREES AS MY BEST FRIENDS AND MY
FAMILY.
THE BIG PICTURE IS RESILIENCE.
THE BIG PICTURE IS TO CONTINUE
TO DO THIS TO SAVE THE FAMILY
FARM FOR ANOTHER GENERATION, TO
KEEP FEEDING PEOPLE.
THAT'S THE RENEWAL THAT I GET
FROM THE COMMUNITY OF PEOPLE WE
HAVE COME TO SHARE OUR HARVESTS
WITH.
(APPLAUSE)
MAN: THANK YOU.
THAT DOCUMENTARY, OUR HOPE WAS
IT WOULD SHOW THE TRANSFER OF
THE FARM FROM ONE GENERATION TO
ANOTHER.
IT ISN'T NECESSARILY A SMOOTH
TRANSITION.
CERTAINLY MY WIFE HERE TONIGHT
WILL TELL YOU ABOUT WHY IT
HASN'T ALTER BEEN SMOOTH AT
DIFFERENT TIMES.
IT IS PART OF THE NOTION OF
DISRUPTION.
YOU WOULD THINK THIS IS GREAT TO
HAVE ANOTHER GENERATION COME TO
THE FARM.
IT IS ALSO VERY DISRUPTIVE.
CAN YOU IMAGINE WORKING THE REST
OF YOUR LIFE WITH ONE OF YOUR
PARENTS?
TALK ABOUT DISRUPTION.
THAT'S EMBEDDED IN THIS TIME
LINE.
JUST LIKE AS YOU READ THE
ARTICLE ABOUT HORSES AND
TRACTORS, IT WASN'T SMOOTH
ESPECIALLY IF YOU WERE A HORSE.
THERE IS THIS NOTION OF
PROGRESSION AND CHANGE, THE
NOTION OF DISRUPTION AND
STABILITY AT THE SAME TIME.
BUT IN THE CORE FUNCTION I THINK
OF LOOKING AT AN ECOSYSTEM IS
UNDERSTANDING THAT TRANSPARENCY
THAT IS OCCURRING THROUGH TIME
AND EXACTLY LOOKING AT THE
DIFFERENT FLASH POINTS OF CHANGE
AND DISRUPTION.
WHEN IT IS WORKING RIGHT, I
THINK YOU WILL SEE THE CONTEXT
OF FOOD, ESPECIALLY THROUGH A
STORY.
I COULD TALK ABOUT GENERATIONS
SHIFTING ON FARMS, PUTTING A
FACE WITH IT ADDS AN ELEMENT OF
A STORY, CREATES A GOOD
CHARACTER.
YOU CAN SEE THE TRENDS THAT ARE
DEVELOPED IN A PICTURE FROM THE
PAST TO THE PRESENT TO THE
FUTURE.
WHAT HAPPENS ON THE FARM WHEN
YOU LOOK AT THAT CONTEXT OF FOOD
IN THIS BROADER PERSPECTIVE.
ONE OF THE RESULTS THAT HAS
OCCURRED THROUGH THIS CHANGE ON
THE FARM HAS BEEN AND I TALKED
ABOUT IT THIS CHEAP FOOD POLICY,
A MODIFICATION OF FOOD WHERE THE
GOAL OF FARMING WAS TO DRIVE
DOWN PRICES.
HERE'S THE QUIZ.
QUESTION NUMBER 3, IN 1930'S,
GET YOUR CLICKERS OUT,
APPROXIMATELY WHAT PERCENT OF
INCOME WAS SPENT ON FOOD IN THE
U.S. IN 1930.
WAS IT A, 50 PERCENT OF
HOUSEHOLD INCOME SPENT ON FOOD.
B, 35 PERCENT OR C, 35 PERCENT.
1930.
OKAY.
LOCKED IN.
THE RESULTS -- SOMEONE CHOOSE D.
OH, IT'S FAIRLY SPLIT BETWEEN A,
45 PERCENT -- EXCUSE ME.
45 PERCENT CHOOSE A WHICH IS 50
PERCENT OF THE FOOD OR B, 35
PERCENT.
THE CHARACTER ANSWER IS C, 25
PERCENT.
AGAIN, YOU THINK MOST OF IT.
THINK ABOUT IT.
IF YOU SPENT 50 PERCENT OF YOUR
MONEY ON FOOD, YOU ALSO HAVE TO
PAY FOR THE OTHER MAIN COMPONENT
OF YOUR LIFE WHICH WOULD BE
SHELTER.
WHAT ELSE DOES THAT LEAVE YOU
WITH?
THIS WAS THE BEGINNING OF THE
GREAT DEPRESSION.
YOU ARE RIGHT.
IT WAS AN ECONOMY WHERE U.S.
WASN'T THAT POOR IN THE 1900'S.
IN 1930 THAILAND SPENT 54
PERCENT OF THEIR INCOME ON FOOD.
TO GIVE YOU A CONTEXT OF IT.
NOW, QUESTION NUMBER 4, LAST
CLICKER QUESTION.
TODAY WHAT PERCENT OF INCOME IS
SPENT ON FOOD IN THE U.S.?
IS IT A, 20 PERCENT.
B, 9.4 PERCENT OR C, 5.3
PERCENT?
ANSWERS LOCKED IN.
THIS WILL DETERMINE THE GRADE IN
YOUR CLASS.
YOU KNOW THAT?
WE HAVE THE RESULTS.
MAJORITY CHOOSE B, 9.4 PERCENT
FOLLOWED CLOSELY BY C, 5.3.
THE CORRECT ANSWER IS 9.4
PERCENT.
B.
CONGRATULATIONS.
STOP AND THINK ABOUT THAT.
IN THE HEIGHT OF THE DEPRESSION,
WHEN MAJORITY OF 1.4 DIDN'T HAVE
A JOB, 1-4 WERE LAID OFF IN THE
DEPRESSION.
TODAY WITH A MUCH MORE ROBUST
ECONOMY WE ARE STILL SPENDING
9.4.
IS THAT HIGH OR LOW?
IT IS ABOUT THE SAME.
MOST PEOPLE WOULD WANT THESE
PRICES TO CONTINUE TO DROP DOWN.
ISN'T THAT THE GOAL OF
CAPITALISM?
GET MORE EFFICIENCIES AND MORE
PRODUCTIVITY TO DROP PRICES.
IT IS INTERESTING, THOUGH, I AM
NOT SO SURE IT COULD DROP MUCH
LOWER THAN 9 PERCENT.
I CERTAINLY DON'T WANT IT TO
DROP LOWER.
IT WOULD MEAN LESS HANDS ON THE
FARM.
IT WOULD BE MOVING TO A VERY
STERILE, MECHANIZED FOOD SYSTEM.
YOU ALSO NEED THE COMPARATIVE
THINGS.
TODAY IN TODAY'S WORLD, THE SAME
QUESTION FOR NIGERIA 56 PERCENT
IS SPENT ON FOOD IN NIGERIA.
THE PHILIPPINES 42 PERCENT.
I NEVER THOUGHT OF THE
PHILIPPINES AS THAT POOR OF A
NATION.
SAME QUESTION, IF YOU LOOK AT
IT, 20 PERCENT OF THE POOR
HOUSEHOLDS IN AMERICA TODAY ARE
STANDING BETWEEN 30 AND 40
PERCENT ON FOOD.
AS A NATION WE ARE SPENDING 10
PERCENT, 9.6.
ALL RIGHT?
THE TOP 20 PERCENT OF THE
WEALTHIEST HOUSEHOLDS IN AMERICA
STAND ABOUT 6 PERCENT ON FOOD.
SO IF YOU WERE POOR IN AMERICA
YOU ARE STILL SPENDING A LARGE
AMOUNT OF YOUR INCOME ON FOOD.
EVEN THOUGH THE PRICES HAVE
DROPPED, IF YOU ARE STILL POOR
YOU ARE STILL SPENDING ABOUT A
FOURTH OF YOUR INCOME ON FOOD.
SO THAT MEANS IF YOU START
WORKING, LOW INCOME PEOPLE TEND
TO HAVE -- THEY STRUGGLE WITH
POVERTY, MINIMUM WAGE.
IF WE ARE PAID $10 AN HOUR, 2.50
OF EVERY HOUR THAT YOU SPENT OF
MONEY IS GOING JUST TO FOOD.
WE ARE NOT COUNTING SHELTER OR
TRANSPORTATION, WE ARE NOT
COUNTING HEALTHCARE, WE ARE NOT
COUNTING EDUCATION, AND
CERTAINLY NOT COUNTING ANY KIND
OF ENTERTAINMENT WITH IT.
THERE IS THIS DYNAMIC OF EVEN
THOUGH WE HAVE A CHEAP FOOD
POLICY IT ISN'T CHEAP FOR
EVERYBODY.
ONE OF THE DYNAMICS OF AN
ECOSYSTEM, WE ARE TALKING ABOUT
AN ECOSYSTEM OF A FARM THAT
INCLUDES FARMERS, FARM WORKERS,
IT INCLUDES SHIPPERS AND
TRUCKERS.
HOW DO WE MEASURE THE HEALTH OF
THIS ECOSYSTEM.
IS IT DOLLARS SPENT ON FOOD?
WITH FARMERS THERE'S A DRIVE TO
PUSH PRICES LOWER.
IT IS WHAT IS KILLING ME.
IT IS WHAT MY DAUGHTER WILL
INHERIT THE PRODUCTIVITY AND
EFFICIENCY WHEN WE ARE TRYING TO
CREATE VALUE IN FOOD AT THE SAME
TIME.
WHAT WE ARE MISSING IN THE
ECOSYSTEM IS AN ABSTRACT IDEA
CALLED JOY.
FOOD IS SUPPOSED TO BE NICE.
YOU ENJOY IT.
THAT'S WHY WE HAVE THIS DIVERSE
DIET.
NUTRITION IS WE COULD PROBABLY
EAT A TYPE OF GRUEL AND SURVIVE
THAT HAS THE BASIC FRUIT AND
VITAMINS IN IT.
YOU WANT THE AESTHETIC ASPECT OF
IT WHICH CHANGES THE DYNAMIC OF
IT.
PART OF THAT JOY FROM A FARMER I
THINK IS TRYING TO LOOK AT
DIFFERENT THINGS IN THE WORK
THAT WE DO.
TRYING TO PUT JOY BACK INTO
FARMING.
IT IS HARD BECAUSE YOU HAVE
THESE PRICES DRIVING YOU DOWN TO
9.6 PERCENT OF FOOD, OF INCOME
SPENT ON FOOD WHILE AT THE SAME
TIME TRYING TO FIND JOY IN IT.
IT AIN'T JOY IN COUNTING THE
MONEY WE ARE MAKING.
WHERE IS THE JOY IN FARMING?
IS FOR ME IT IS TRYING TO FIND
THIS IS AESTHETICS OF THINGS.
TRYING TO USE A DIFFERENT LAND,
TRYING TO USE A DIFFERENT
PERSPECTIVE WHEN YOU LOOK AT THE
ECOSYSTEM AND FINDING JOY IN THE
HUMAN ELEMENTS PART OF THE
FARMING LANDSCAPE.
I THINK THAT IS WHY ALL OF YOU
ARE THERE TONIGHT, TOO.
YOU ARE LOOKING FOR THAT OTHER
ELEMENT.
OTHERWISE YOU WOULD BE IN
ECONOMIC STATISTICIAN OR
SOMETHING LIKE THAT.
CAN'T HELP IT, I FIND JOY ON OUR
FARM.
ALL GOOD FARMS HAVE A JUNK PILE.
IT STAYS WITH THE LAND AND
SUCCESSION OF OWNERS WHO
CONTRIBUTE TO THE COLLECTION OF
ODD MACHINE PARTS, OLD EQUIPMENT
AND DISCARDED BUT NEVER
FORGOTTEN STORIES.
MY FIRST MAJOR CONTRIBUTION IS
TO RESTACK MOST OF IT ON LIVING
PALLETS.
I NOW HAVE A PORTABLE JUNK PILE.
I CAN MOVE STUFF FROM PLACE TO
PLACE LIKE A MODERN
ARCHAEOLOGIST USING MACHINERY.
I USE THE JUNK TO FIX THINGS AND
GLEAN NEW IDEAS.
HE WAS ENTHRALLED BY THE VARIETY
OF SHAPES AND ANGLES.
(INDISCERNIBLE)
HE WAS PART OF IT AND CALLED
THIS MODERN ART.
I LEFT IT IN PLACE FOR A FEW
MONTHS AND DUG IT OUT WHEN I
NEEDED TO CULTIVATE THAT AREA
TOSSING IT BACK ON TO THE JUNK
PILE CALLING IT POST MODERN ART.
IN MY JUNK TREASURES LIE HIDDEN.
OLD PIECES TELL ME THE HISTORY
OF A FARM.
THE TIME IS LEFT BEHIND IN THE
ZEALOTS NOT AS A MEMORIAL TO THE
PAST, THE REMAINS ARE TO BE USED
BY FUTURE FARMERS.
AFTER I SPOKE AT A FARM
CONFERENCE IN WISCONSIN THE
FARMER APPROACHED ME TO TALK TO
ME ABOUT HIS JUNK PILE.
OUT HERE WE DON'T CALL THEM JUNK
PILES HE ANNOUNCED.
I THOUGHT HE WAS GOING TO USE
THE TERM BONE PILES WHICH IS
RARELY USED IN CALIFORNIA.
INSTEAD HE SAID OUT HERE WE CALL
THEM AND THEN HE LEANS CLOSER TO
WHISPER A SECRET.
WE CALL THEM INVENTORY.
IT IS REDEFINING SPACE.
IT IS REDEFINING ELEMENTS ON THE
FARM.
IT IS ABOUT LOOKING AT SOMETHING
THAT IS EVERY DAY AND NORMAL
THROUGH A DIFFERENT LENS.
THAT'S THE JOY I FIND IN OUR
FARM.
I THINK THAT'S THE JOY YOU ARE
GOING TO FIND WHEN YOU LOOK AT
THINGS THROUGH A DIFFERENT LENS
THAT YOU ARE LEARNING.
IT IS ALL PART OF A NEW MOVEMENT
THAT SOMETIMES CALLS THE
EXPERIENCE ECONOMY.
PEOPLE MORE AND MORE ARE LOOKING
FOR MEANING, NOT THINGS.
IT IS AN INTERACTION THAT IS
PERSONAL, NOT AN ACCUMULATION OF
MORE STUFF.
THEY SPEND TIME ON LIVING --
THEY SPEND TIME LIVING WITH
ELEMENTS OF A SHARED SOCIAL
MEDIA.
IT IS A NEW POINT OF VIEW.
PRODUCTS ARE ASSUMED BUT
SERVICES ARE EXPERIENCED.
MY QUESTION IS, MY PEACHES CAN
THEY BE BOTH A PRODUCT AND ALSO
AN EXPERIENCE?
THIS IS PART OF THE NEW SHIFT,
THE NEW DISRUPTION THAT IS
OCCURRING ON OUR FARM.
IT IS PART OF THE STORY, THE
POWER OF STORY THAT I WRITE
ABOUT, THE POWER OF STORY THAT
HELPS DEFINE FOOD IN OUR LIFE
TODAY.
I THINK I AM REALIZING THAT I AM
JUST NOT A PRODUCER OF STORIES,
BUT I AM ALSO A FARMER THAT HAS
PEACHES AND THE BACK STORY OF
WHAT WE DO MATTERS.
IT ONLY WORKS IN COLLABORATION
WITH OTHERS.
USED TO BE WHEN I WAS A KID YOU
GREW PEACHES, WAVED GOOD-BYE TO
THEM AT THE LOADING DOCK AND THE
ONLY RETURN YOU HAD WAS HOW MUCH
THEY SOLD FOR.
A SHIFT OCCURRED WITH THE
INTERNET OF THINGS.
WE HAVE TO PUT STICKERS ON OUR
FRUIT.
THEY HAVE THE PLU, THE PRICE
LOOK UP CODES WRITTEN ON THEM
FOR THE MARKETERS.
BUT NOW WE PUT OUR WEB SITE ON
THAT.
I CAN ACTUALLY HEAR FROM PEOPLE.
THEY CAN GO TO THE WEB SITE AND
LEARN ABOUT IT AND SEE THE FACES
BEHIND THEIR FOODS.
IT IS A NEW WAY OF LOOKING AT AN
ECOSYSTEM OF FOOD WHERE
EVERYBODY ARE COLLABORATORS.
I HOPE NO ONE USES YELP TO
CRITIQUE AND REVIEW OUR PEACHES,
BUT IT IS A TYPE OF DYNAMIC
WHERE CONSUMERS AND CUSTOMERS
ARE NOW PART OF THE FOOD SYSTEM
MORE THAN EVER.
I WANT TO DEMONSTRATE THIS WHOLE
IDEA OF COLLABORATION IN AN
ECOSYSTEM USING A VERY, VERY
DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVE.
IT IS THE VIDEO I WANT TO SHOW
YOU.
I WANT TO DEMONSTRATE THIS IN
TERMS OF MUSIC.
THE VIDEO I AM GOING TO SHOW YOU
IS CAROLE KING WINNING A
NATIONAL MEDAL AT THE KENNEDY
CENTER.
CAROLE KING WAS THIS WONDERFUL
WOMAN MUSICIAN AND SONG WRITER
IN THE 60'S AND 70'S.
THIS VIDEO IS ABOUT HER
COLLABORATION WITH THIS AMAZING
SINGER CALLED ARETHA FRANKLIN.
AS YOU WATCH THE VIDEO I WANT
YOU TO THINK ABOUT HOW
COLLABORATION WORKS.
PAY ATTENTION TO THE JOY CAROL
FACES WHEN SHE COLLABORATES WITH
ARETHA FRANKLIN.
WOMAN: THERE IS ONLY ONE ARETHA
FRANKLIN.
\M\M
\M\M
\M\M
\M\M
\M\M
\M\M
\M\M
\M\M
MAN: CAROLE KING SAYS THIS,
QUOTE, REMARKABLE FEELING TO SEE
A SONG OF YOURS COME BACK WITH
ALL OF THE EMBELLISHMENTS AND IT
IS EVEN BETTER.
YOU CAN SEE THE JOY IN CAROLE
KING'S FACE AS SHE AS A SONG
WRITER WAS ABLE TO LET GO OF HER
WORK, GIVE IT TO SOMEONE ELSE
WHO MADE IT BETTER.
THAT'S THE KIND OF COLLABORATION
I THINK THAT IS IN THE POTENTIAL
OF THE NEW FOOD SYSTEM.
YOU CAN HAVE THIS COLLABORATION
OF MANY PARTS AND MANY PEOPLE
WHO MAKE IT BETTER.
IT MAKES ME THINK ARE FARMERS
SINGERS OR ARE WE SONG WRITERS?
I ASK MYSELF AM I LIKE A SONG
WRITER WHEN I CREATE SOMETHING
AND I AM LETTING GO AND TRUST
OTHERS TO MAKE IT BETTER.
I AM ALLOWING OTHERS TO TAKE
OWNERSHIP OF IT.
BEING A BROKER, BEING A
MARKETER, BEING A RESTAURANTEUR,
A CHEF, A COOK OR YOU, WHEN YOU
BUY SOME OF OUR PEACHES YOU MAKE
IT BETTER AND YOU BRING OUT THAT
LIFE THAT YOU SAW IN THE VIDEO,
THE LIFE OF AN ECOSYSTEM WHEN IT
IS AT ITS BEST.
THEY ARE WORKING IN INNOVATIVE
ROLES TO MAKE IT BETTER.
IT MEANS I AM MORE OF AN ARTIST
THAN A BUSINESSMAN AND I CAN
SEEK NEW RETURNS ON INVESTMENT.
THAT VIDEO CAPTURES THAT SOUL OF
A SONG THAT MONEY CAN NEVER BUY.
THAT VIDEO CAPTURES THE JOY OF
CAROLE KING WILLING TO LET GO OF
HER WORK.
MOST OF US THINK OF OUR
ENTREPRENEURS AS THOSE WHO HOLD
ON TO THEIR WORK AND CARRY IT
FROM BEGINNING TO END.
THE TRUTH IS MOST ENTREPRENEURS
AT ONE POINT ARE WILLING TO LET
GO OF THEIR WORK.
WE TEND NOT TO CELEBRATE THEM,
BECAUSE HOW OFTEN DO WE REWARD
THE SINGER AND NOT THE WRONG
WRITER?
THAT'S WHAT I HOPE PEOPLE FIND
IN OUR PEACHES ON OUR FARM WHEN
WE THINK OF OURSELVES AS
COLLABORATORS INTO SOMETHING
MORE.
WE GROW FOOD, BUT IT IS MORE
THAN FOOD.
IT IS A STORY.
IT IS A SPIRIT IN LIFE.
YOU AS STUDENTS ARE PART OF THAT
CONTRIBUTION, TOO.
WE ARE ALL COLLABORATORS WORKING
AT SOMETHING TO MAKE IT BETTER.
WE WANT TO -- THE HOPE IS ALL OF
YOU WILL UNDERSTAND THAT
COLLECTIVE IMPACT, WHEN ALL OF
THE PIECES WORK TOGETHER.
YOU SEE THAT JOY OF A SONG
WRITER AND THE POWER OF ARETHA
FRANKLIN AND HER ABILITY TO TAKE
THE WORK OF SOMEONE ELSE AND PUT
IT TOGETHER AND HONOR THAT
CREATOR WITH THEIR OWN CREATION
AT THE SAME TIME.
IT IS A JOY, AGAIN, OF
COLLABORATION.
SO HERE IS MY QUEST AND
CHALLENGE TO YOU.
WHAT IS YOUR STORY WITH FOOD?
THAT'S WHY YOU ARE HERE TONIGHT.
YOU ARE INTERESTED IN FOOD.
WE ARE AT THE BEGINNING OF THIS
ODD ERA OF BELONGING AND
UNBELONGING.
THE POLITICS ARE SWIRLING AROUND
THE LANDSCAPE.
WHAT IS -- WHERE DO FOR EXAMPLE
MY PEACHES FIT IN WITH THIS.
IT BEGINS WITH A PERSONAL
CONNECTION.
I WANT YOU TO THINK ABOUT WHY
YOU ARE INTERESTED IN FOOD AND
WHAT YOU ARE GOING TO DO IS --
WILL PASSED OUT YOUR INDEX
CARDS.
I WANT YOU TO WRITE IN THE NEXT
MINUTE WHY YOU ARE INTERESTED IN
FOOD.
ANOTHER WAY TO DESCRIBE IT IS,
HOW DID YOU LOSE YOUR FOOD
VIRGINITY?
I WANT THIS TO BE PERSONAL.
I DON'T WANT THE DEFINITION.
I WANT IT TO BE PERSONAL.
WHERE WERE YOU WHEN YOUR
ATTITUDE TO FOOD CHANGED?
WHO WAS AT THE TABLE?
WHAT WERE YOU EATING?
WHAT WERE YOU DOING?
YOU MAY HAVE BEEN FIVE, BUT YOU
REMEMBER THIS ONE MOMENT FOOD
BECAME SOMETHING SPECIAL.
I WANT YOU TO WRITE ABOUT THIS
RIGHT NOW.
YOU HAVE ONE MINUTE TO WRITE
YOUR STORY OF HOW YOU LOST YOUR
FOOD VIRGINITY.
WRITE.
WRITE, WRITE, WRITE.
MAN: MAKE IT PERSONAL.
THIS IS YOUR STORY.
MAKE IT PERSONAL.
MAKE IT PERSONAL.
WHO WERE YOU WITH?
HOW DID YOU FEEL?
REVEAL SOMETHING.
FOOD REVEALS WHO YOU ARE.
VERY NICE.
YOU GET A POINT.
GOOD.
WRAP UP YOUR STORY.
HAVE YOU ABOUT WRAPPED UP THE
STORY, PUT A CONCLUSION ON IT?
THIS IS THE MOMENT FOOD CHANGED
YOU.
THIS CHANGES BECAUSE THAT'S WHY
YOU ARE IN THIS CLASS.
PART OF THIS NEW ECOSYSTEM OF
FOOD IS CALLED SHARED VALUES.
ALL RIGHT.
IT IS COLLABORATIVE NETWORK OF
CAROLE KING AND ARETHA FRANKLIN
IS THEY SHARE EACH OTHER'S WORK.
NOW I WANT YOU TO SHARE YOUR
WORK.
TURN YOUR CARDS TO SOMEONE NEXT
TO YOU AND THEY CAN READ YOUR
FOOD STORY.
TRADE CARDS.
VERY GOOD.
VERY GOOD.
NOW I CAN'T GET YOU QUIET.
VERY GOOD.
THANK YOU.
THANK YOU.
THE REASON WHY I HAD YOU WRITE
THIS DOWN IS THAT IT HAS NOW
BECOME A STORY.
THE POWER OF STORIES IS THAT IT
COULD BE SHARED.
I WANT YOU TO TAKE YOUR CARD AND
YOUR STORY AND CONTINUE TO SHARE
IT.
IF STORIES AREN'T SHARED, THEY
ARE SECRETS.
THE FOOD ECOSYSTEM WE WANT
INVOLVES TRANSPARENCY, NOT
SECRETS.
THAT'S THE PROBLEM WITH A LOT OF
OUR FOOD SYSTEMS TODAY, IT
REVOLVES AROUND SECRETS.
THE PERSONAL STORY YOU JUST
WROTE, AND THANK YOU FOR THOSE
OF YOU WHO ARE WILLING TO SHARE
IT AND WILLING TO BE THAT
TRANSPARENT ABOUT IT.
THIS MARKS YOUR CHANGE ABOUT HOW
FOOD AFFECTS YOU, HOPEFULLY THE
REST OF YOUR LIFE AND IT WILL BE
THE REST OF MY LIFE, TOO.
THE STORY YOU -- THE STORIES YOU
SHARED ARE EXACTLY A PART OF OUR
FARM.
THE WAY OUR PEACHES WORK WHEN
THEY ARE WORKING THE BEST IS
WHEN SOMEONE BITES INTO THAT
THEY ARE NOT TASTING MY PEACH.
THEY ARE TASTING THE MEMORIES
THEY HAD OF FOOD AND FRUITS AND
PEACHES.
IT BECOMES THEIR STORY, NOT
MINE.
THAT'S THE POWER OF THIS
ECOSYSTEM THAT WE ARE TRYING --
I AM HOPING IS EVOLVING NOW.
IT IS PART OF THAT NEW FOOD
NETWORK THAT WE ARE ALL LINKED
IN TOGETHER IN A VERY
COLLABORATIVE WAY AND IT IS
PERSONAL.
THAT'S WHAT IS VERY UNIQUE ABOUT
THIS.
IT IS PART OF NEW TECHNOLOGIES.
IT CAN CARRY THAT PERSONAL
NATURE ACROSS STATES, ACROSS
BOUNDS, ACROSS FARMS AND CITIES.
I WANT TO CLOSE WITH THIS
DYNAMIC OF THIS SENSE OF THE
GROUP AND SENSE OF THE WHOLE
SINCE I HOPE TONIGHT WE HAVE
BONDED.
SO I AM GOING TO SHARE THIS ONE
PASSAGE IN ANOTHER BOOK I WROTE
CALLED "FOUR SEASONS."
IT IS ABOUT A TRACTOR.
IT INVOLVES A SOUND, AND I WANT
ALL OF US TO BE PART OF THE
SOUND SCAPE OF THIS STORY.
IT INVOLVES A CHANT.
THE CHANT IS SIMPLY....
WHEN I SIGNAL YOU I WANT
EVERYONE TO CHANT...
OKAY GOOD.
THAT'S THE SIGNAL.
I OWN A BUDDHIST TRACTOR.
WHEN IT IS RUNNING WELL, I CAN
HEAR THE...
OF A FINELY TUNED
ENGINE AS A POTENTIAL FOR GREAT,
WOULD.
I BELIEVE IN THE PAST MOST
FARMERS CONNECTED SPIRITUAL
BELIEFS TO FARM SOUNDS...
MANY
OF THE SPIRITUAL FARM SOUNDS ARE
LOST IN TODAY'S MODERN FARMING.
I NEVER HEARD A SONG ABOUT
HARVESTING OR CHANGE OF SEASONS
IN CALIFORNIA.
I HAD NO CHANCE TO BLESS A NEW
TRACTOR OR PLOW THE LIKES OF ME
STILL HAVE THE BLESSING OF THE
GREAT...
I CHEAT AND GO TO THEIR
CEREMONY HOPING THEIR GOOD LUCK
ARE RUB OFF.
FEW FARMERS TALK TO THEIR TREES
OR VINES ANY MORE.
FARMING IN CALIFORNIA IS JUST
OVER 100 YEARS OLD.
PERHAPS THAT'S NOT ENOUGH TIME
FOR SUB CULTURES TO ADAPT TO
CHANGES.
TODAY WE HAVE LITTLE SPIRITUAL
WORK.
WE MOSTLY DO BUSINESS.
THAT IS PRECISELY WHY I WANT TO
HEAR...
A BUDDHIST CHANT FROM MY
TRACTOR.
THANK YOU VERY MUCH.
(APPLAUSE)
MAN: SO CONGRATULATIONS.
YOU ARE IN THE LOTTERY.
HERE'S A QUESTION FOR YOU.
IN THE ARTICLE ASSIGNED FOR OUR
READING FROM 2008 WE POINT OUT
THE LOSS OF THE INFLUENCE OF THE
FARM BASE.
WHILE THAT MAY BE TRUE, THE
STRUCTURE OF OUR NATIONAL
LEGISLATURE THE SMALLER RURAL
CITIES ARE DISPROPORTIONATE TO
THE POPULATION.
THE SAME IS TRUE TO MOST STATES
ABOUT THE RURAL COUNTIES.
GIVEN THAT 80 PERCENT OF
AMERICANS LIVE IN URBAN AREAS,
HOW DO YOU THINK CHOICES ABOUT
RESOURCE USAGE, LAND AND WATER
RIGHTS, ET CETERA, SHOULD BE
MADE KEEPING IN MIND THAT URBAN
AND RURAL INTERESTS DON'T ALWAYS
ALIGN, BUT ARE INTERDEPENDENT.
MAN: WHAT A COMPLICATED
QUESTION.
YOU ARE RIGHT IN THE HISTORY OF
IT, OF COURSE HE'S TALKING ABOUT
THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES IN
THE AMERICAN COLLEGE INSTEAD OF
BY POPULATION.
THE URBAN AREAS ARE GOING TO
HAVE A DISPROPORTIONATE POWER IN
THE HOUSE.
THE SENATE WOULD REQUIRE EACH
STATE TO HAVE TWO SENATORS.
SO MONTANA I BELIEVE IT IS HAD
ONE PERSON IN THE HOUSE OF
REPRESENTATIVES AND TWO
SENATORS.
DISPROPORTIONATE POWER IN THAT.
THE IDEA THAT WHEN AMERICA WAS
FOUNDED THERE WOULD BE THIS
BALANCE BETWEEN URBAN AND RURAL.
IT WAS A STRUGGLE THAT IS NOT
TALKED ABOUT IN HAMILTON MUCH.
IT WAS HAMILTON WHO WANTED URBAN
POWER AND JEFFERSON WHO WANTED
RURAL OR AMERICA TO HAVE POWER.
IT IS EMBEDDED IN THE SYSTEM.
YOU ARE ABSOLUTELY RIGHT ABOUT
THAT.
THE SHIFT THAT IS OCCURRING,
THOUGH, IT IS BEGINNING TO SHOW
ITSELF IN POLITICS.
YOU ARE HAVING THIS PINCH AND IF
YOU LOOK AT SOME OF THE VOTING
PATTERNS OF TRUMP'S VICTORY HE
WON IN RURAL AREAS OF KEY
STATES, MICHIGAN, WISCONSIN,
PENNSYLVANIA.
THAT IS WHAT CARRIED HIM OVER AT
ONE POINT.
YOU COULD SAY, WOW, RURAL
AMERICA STILL HAS POWER IN IT.
YET AT THE SAME TIME THERE HAS
BEEN THIS WILD DYNAMIC, FOR
EXAMPLE WITHOUT GETTING TOO
POLITICAL TRUMP IS WANTING TO
RENEGOTIATE ALL OF THE TRADE
DEALS ESPECIALLY WITH EXPORTING
PRODUCTS.
MOST OF THOSE EXPORTS COME FROM
RURAL AMERICA.
IF YOU LOOK AT CALIFORNIA, THE
GROWTH IN THE ALMOND INDUSTRY
HAS BEEN HUGE AND THE BIGGEST
MARKET FOR ALMONDS IS CHINA.
THERE IS GOING TO BE THIS
MASSIVE DISRUPTION THAT IS
OCCURRING.
IT IS INTERESTING BECAUSE
THERE'S THIS TENSION THAT
OCCURS.
WHAT HAPPENS WITH THIS ROW BOAT
WHICH IS STILL FAIRLY SMALL.
YOU SAW THE STATISTICS YOU SEE
THE LABOR FORCE IS VERY SMALL IN
RURAL AMERICA.
THEY STILL HAVE SOME CLOUT AND
SOME POWER.
IT IS THIS COMBINATION OF WHAT I
LIKE TO CONSIDER THE
CONTRADICTION THAT ARE IN OUR
POLITICAL SYSTEM.
FOR EXAMPLE THE FARM BILL WHICH
SETS A LOT OF STANDARDS AND
PRICES FOR THE COMMODITIES,
CORN, WHEAT, SOYBEANS.
PART OF THE FARM BILL IS THE
FOOD, SCHOOL, LUNCH -- FOOD
STAMP PROGRAM.
WHAT DOES FOOD STAMP HAVE TO DO
WITH THE FARM BILL WHEN THE FOOD
STAMP PROGRAM WAS INITIATED YOU
HAVE TWO DIFFERENT THINGS
DEALING WITH URBAN POOR AND THE
FARM BILL.
THE PREMISE WAS URBAN PEOPLE AND
URBAN REPRESENTATIVES WHO TALK
WITH RURAL FOLK TO GET THE
LEGISLATION PASSED.
IT IS A WILD TIME WE ARE IN WHEN
THE ALLIANCES ARE BEING
SHATTERED AND NEW ONES COME
TOGETHER.
I DO THINK THIS NEW
COLLABORATIVE NATURE MIGHT
EVOLVE INTO SOMETHING JUST
AMAZING.
THAT'S THE OPTIMISTIC SIDE OF A
FARMER, YOU ARE A PATHOLOGICAL
OBSERVATION.
MAN: THEN OPTIMISTS DEPEND SOME
WHAT ON PREDICTABLE, SOME
CERTAINTY.
YOU EXPECT EVEN WHEN THERE'S A
DROUGHT, THERE'S GOING TO BE
SOME RAIN TO FALL ON YOUR FARM.
YOU EXPECT THE SUN IS GOING TO
COME UP TOMORROW.
HOW DO YOU THINK ABOUT
NAVIGATING NOW IN AN ENVIRONMENT
IN THE OVERNIGHT SEEMS PERHAPS
MORE UNCERTAIN?
MAN: A LOT OF MENTAL STRESS.
A LOT OF TIMES WHEN I GET -- TO
BE VERY FRANK, I GET DEPRESSED
BECAUSE THERE'S SO MANY THINGS
OUT OF MY CONTROL.
I GO OUT, OUR FAMILY GOES OUT,
WE PRUNE TREES, WE TAKE CARE OF
THEM, WE GROW THEM.
WE PICK THE FRUIT, WE SHIP THEM
TO MARKET AND WE DON'T KNOW THE
PRICE.
WE DO ALL OF THIS BEFORE WE GET
THE PRICE.
THAT'S THE NATURE OF A LOT OF
FARMING.
THERE'S THIS OPTIMISM THAT IS
BUILT INTO THIS KIND OF TRUST,
THIS MOTION OF THIS CRAZY
SYSTEM.
HOW CAN YOU GROW SOMETHING WHEN
YOU DON'T EVEN KNOW WHAT YOU ARE
GOING TO SELL IT FOR?
IT IS WHAT FOOD SYSTEMS HAVE
ALWAYS BEEN, AND THE ONLY OTHER
ANSWER WOULD BE TO FIND A WAY TO
COMMODIFY IT.
THE FUTURES MARKET IN WHEAT AND
CORN AND SOYBEANS WHERE THEY TRY
TO DO THAT.
IT HAS DRIVEN THE WHOLE INDUSTRY
TO THIS VERY RIDGED BUSINESS
ECONOMIC MODEL WHERE THE ONLY
RETURN ON INVESTMENT IS IN
PROFITS.
MAN: LET'S TALK A LITTLE BIT
ABOUT BEING A FARMER TODAY SAY I
AM GOING TO GRADUATE FROM UC
BERKELEY IN A COUPLE YEARS WITH
A BACHELORS IN HISTORY.
I DON'T HAVE A GRANDFATHER THAT
HAD A FARM, BUT I NOTICED THE
GROWTH OF FARMER'S MARKETS HAS
JUST BEEN OFF THE CHARTS.
I NOTICE THERE'S AN EDIBLE
SCHOOLYARD PROJECT IN MY TOWN.
I WANT TO MOVE OUT OF
CALIFORNIA.
WHERE DO I GO?
WHAT'S YOUR STAGE ADVICE FOR
SOMEBODY THAT WANTS TO GET INTO
THE LIVELIHOOD OF FARMING, AND
WHAT DOES THAT LOOK LIKE?
WHAT ARE THE ECONOMICS OF THAT?
CAN YOU MAKE A LIVING?
IS THERE A LIVELIHOOD?
MAN: THE QUICK ANSWER IS, YOU
ARE GOING TO BE POOR.
MONETARILY WISE.
YOU WILL NOT MAKE MUCH MONEY.
THERE WAS THAT ADAGE WHEN I WAS
GROWING UP FARMERS ARE LAND RICH
BUT CASH POOR.
YOU ARE NOT GOING TO BE WEALTHY.
IF YOU PLAN TO BE, DON'T GO INTO
FARMING.
DON'T GET INVOLVED WITH THE FOOD
INDUSTRY.
THE MAIN THING, MY SUGGESTION
IS, JUST GO, START WORKING AT A
FARMER'S MARKET, START GETTING
YOUR HANDS DIRTY.
START GARDENING.
YOU ARE NOT GOING TO BUY LAND
PROBABLY.
THE NEW MODEL WILL NOT BE
LANDOWNER SHIP.
MAYBE THERE'S THE NEW SHARED
ECONOMY THAT WILL BE INVOLVED.
IT WILL BE VERY DISRUPTIVE IN
THAT SENSE.
THAT'S A BIG BARRIER.
I AM NOT SURE THERE ARE THE NEW
OPPORTUNITIES THAT ARE GOING TO
OCCUR.
YOU HAVE TON OPTIMISTIC AND YOU
HAVE TO BE WILLING TO WORK YOUR
ASS OFF.
I REMEMBER GROWING UP A FARMER
SAID, YOU KNOW, MY PARENTS WERE
IMMIGRANTS.
THE THEY WANTED ME TO WORK
REALLY HARD.
THEY WANTED ME TO WORK SO HARD
THEY SWORE HIS PARENTS PLANTED
WEEDS TO MAKE SURE HE HAD ENOUGH
WORK TO DO.
IF YOU ARE GOING TO GO INTO THIS
WORLD OF FOOD, PLAN ON NOT BEING
RICH, PLAN ON A LIFE OF
STRUGGLES.
PLAN ON A LOT OF HARD WORK.
BUT, LOOK FOR THOSE MOMENTS OF
JOY.
THAT IS YOUR RETURN ON
INVESTMENT.
MAN: WHERE IS ATESHA LEWIS?
THIS IS HER QUESTION.
MUCH OF THE ARGUMENTS
MR.
MASUMOTO MAKES IN WORKING
WITH GHOSTS IN THE FIELD OF
AMERICAN AGRICULTURE IS CENTERED
AROUND HOW WE USE LANGUAGE TO
FRAME THE IMMIGRATION DEBATE.
GIVEN HOW DEVICES AND
INFLAMMATORY THIS DEBATE HAS
BECOME SINCE HE WROTE THIS
PIECE, DOES MR.
MASUMOTO SUGGEST
APPROPRIATE LABELS ARE WHAT IS
NEEDED.
WHAT WORDS WOULD HE USE TO NAME
THE NAMELESS?
MAN: VERY GOOD QUESTION.
ONE OF THE CHALLENGES HOW CAN
YOU PUT FACES ON PEOPLE WHO
DON'T WANT TO BE SEEN BECAUSE
THEY ARE OFTEN UNDOCUMENTED.
IT IS CHALLENGES.
THAT IS WHERE THE ROLE OF
EVERYONE IN THIS ROOM ARE PART
OF THE COLLABORATIVE NATURE.
UNDERSTAND THEY ARE FACELESS
WORKERS OUT THERE.
THERE IS GREAT IRONICALLY
ARTWORK DONE CAPTURING WORKERS,
BECAUSE THAT'S THE NATURE THAT
WE ARE IN.
IN TERMS OF USING THE DIFFERENT
TERMINOLOGY, YOU COULD START
SEEING IT BE FUN.
EVERY DAY YOU LOOK AT POLITICS
TODAY AND TERMS ARE BEING USED
WHETHER IT IS ALTERNATE
DYNAMIC -- ALTERNATE FACTS.
INSTEAD OF LIES YOU CALL IT
ALTERNATE FACTS.
LANGUAGE OF SOCIAL MEDIA AT THE
SAME TIME, BECAUSE IT SPREADS SO
QUICKLY.
I WRITE FOR A NEWSPAPER, AND THE
INTERESTING DYNAMIC OF THE
NEWSPAPER USED TO OCCUPY THE
POSITION AS THE GATEKEEPERS OF
NEWS.
THAT IS ALL BLOWN UP WITH SOCIAL
MEDIA.
THE DYNAMIC IS EVERYONE IN THIS
ROOM HAS THE POWER TO CONTROL
SOME OF THAT LANGUAGE.
IT IS WHEN YOU TWEET.
IT IS WHEN YOU POST THINGS ON
FACEBOOK OR WHATEVER, THAT GETS
SPREAD.
THERE IS THIS UNDER CURRENT OF A
LOT OF SHIFTS THAT ARE
OCCURRING.
I AM NOT SURE HOW THAT'S GOING
TO TURNOUT.
I KNOW WHEN I WROTE "EPITAPH FOR
A PEACH" IT WAS IN 95 IT WAS
PUBLISHED.
IT WAS JUST WHEN A LOT OF THE
FOOD WORLD WAS STARTING TO
EXPLODE AND CELEBRITY CHEFS WERE
MAKING THE SCENE.
FARMERS WERE NOT RECOGNIZED AT
THAT POINT.
IT WAS JUST THE BEGINNING.
ALICE WAS ONE OF THE FIRST TO
HELP PROMOTE THE WORK THAT
FARMERS DID.
NOW FARMERS ARE MUCH MORE
VISIBLE IN MANY WAYS.
SO THE DYNAMIC IS WHAT CAUSED
THAT SHIFT?
IT WAS REALLY INDIVIDUALS
CHAMPIONING SOMEONE ELSE.
CHAMPIONING FACELESS FARMERS.
IT IS THE CELEBRITY CHEF THAT I
LIKE THAT ACTUALLY ACKNOWLEDGED
WHERE THE FOOD COMES FROM.
THERE ARE CHEFS ON BOTH
EXTREMES.
SOME THAT ARE WONDERFUL THAT
HONOR THE WORK THAT I DO AND
OTHERS THAT COULD GIVE -- THAT
COULDN'T CARE AT ALL THE WORK
THAT I DID, BECAUSE THEY ARE SO
EGOTISTICAL.
THEY THINK THEY COULD SIT AND DO
ANYTHING.
IS THAT ANY DIFFERENT?
THERE'S THAT KIND OF DYNAMIC IN
TERMS OF LOOKING AT THAT AND
LABELLING.
PEOPLE'S ABILITY TO CHAMPION
SOMETHING.
MAN: THANK YOU FOR THAT
WONDERFUL QUESTION.
WHO HAS A QUESTION FROM THE
HOUSE TONIGHT?
ONE OR TWO MORE?
ANY ONE?
DON'T BE SHY.
YES.
SAY YOUR NAME AND SAY IT LOUD.
MAN: HI.
MY QUESTION IS WHEN YOU TALKED
ABOUT THE TRANSITION FROM A
TRACTOR TO (INDISCERNIBLE).
(INAUDIBLE)
MAN: VERY GOOD QUESTION.
EXACTLY.
THERE HAS BEEN THIS HISTORY OF
COURSE OF THE POOR, THE
POWERLESS, THE SLAVES BEING THE
DRIVERS OF ECONOMIC.
WHEN THE TRACTORS REPLACED
HORSES THERE WAS A SENSE OF
FREEDOM THAT PEOPLE COULD LEAVE
THE SHACKLES OF FARM WORK FOR
THIS LIFE IN THE CITY BECAUSE
THERE WERE JOBS IN THE CITY.
THAT IS THE CHALLENGE WE HAVE
TODAY, CAN TECHNOLOGY AS THEY
DISPLACE WORKERS -- CAN THE
DISPLACED WORKERS FIND SOMETHING
ELSE.
IN TODAY'S ECONOMY IT HAS BEEN A
STRUGGLE.
THAT IS WHAT GOT TRUMP ELECTED,
QUITE FRANKLY, BECAUSE YOU HAVE
A LOT OF THE ECONOMIC FORCES
CHANGING THE DYNAMIC.
IT BECOMES A REAL CHALLENGE.
WE HAVE THIS CHALLENGE EVERY DAY
IN OUR FARMS.
LABOR IS ONE OF OUR BIGGEST
EXPENSE.
WHAT DO I DO?
IS TRY TO FIGURE OUT WAYS TO
REDUCE OUR COSTS, MORE EFFICIENT
LABOR TO REDUCE OUR PRICES.
YOU SAW THE PRICE OF FOOD HAS
GONE DOWN OVER THE DECADES AND
EVERYTHING SO WE CAN SELL OUR
PRODUCTS.
THERE HAS BEEN MOVEMENTS LIKE
FAIR TRADE MOVEMENTS WHERE YOU
WANT A LIVING WAGE TO WORKERS.
IT SORT OF WORKS AND SORT OF
DOESN'T.
IF I DID A POLL OF YOU RIGHT
NOW, YOU CAN BUY MY PEACHES AT
$4 A POUND OR $8 A POUND, BUT
YOU KNOW I GIVE MY WORKERS A
MUCH BETTER WAGE.
HOW MANY WOULD YOU BUY $8 A
POUND?
GOOD FOR YOU.
HOW MANY WOULD BUY AT $4 A
POUND.
PROBABLY MOST OF YOU WOULDN'T
SPEND TWICE AS MUCH.
HOWEVER, THOSE OF YOU WHO DID
RAISE YOUR HAND, THAT IS ONE OF
THE MARKETS SMALL OPERATIONS WE
DO ATTACH THE STORY TO THE FOOD.
YOU ARE BUYING MORE THAN JUST A
PEACH.
YOU ARE BUYING THAT OLD STORY.
THAT'S A CHANGING FORCE THAT IS
OCCURRING, THE DISRUPTIVE FORCE
THAT IS OCCURRING.
I DON'T HAVE AN ANSWER TO THAT
TO TELL YOU THE TRUTH.
OUR WORKERS, WE PAID THEM BETTER
WAGES.
I WILL GIVE YOU AN EXAMPLE.
WE STARTED ON OUR FARM A BONUS
PROGRAM.
WE GAVE THEM A BONUS AT THE END
OF THE YEAR.
MY DAUGHTER IS FLUENT IN
SPANISH.
I AM BAD.
SHE LIVED IN MEXICO FOR A NUMBER
OF YEARS.
SHE ASKED THEM, WHAT DO YOU CALL
BONUS IN SPANISH, BECAUSE WE
DIDN'T KNOW WHAT TO CALL IT.
THEY LOOKED AT ME AND LOOKED AT
MY DAUGHTER AND SAID, WE DON'T
KNOW BECAUSE WE HAVE NEVER
GOTTEN A BONUS.
IT EL IT IS YOU THE STATE OF THE
INDUSTRY.
THESE WORKERS HAVE NEVER
RECEIVED A BONUS IN THEIR LIVES.
SO WE FELT GREAT WE WERE GIVING
THEM A BONUS BUT FELT TERRIBLE
THAT THESE ARE WORKERS WHO
WORKED FOR DECADES AND NEVER
RECEIVED A BONUS FOR THE WORK
THEY DO.
MAN: WHEN DOES THE FIRST
MASUMOTO PEACH ARRIVE FOR THE
SEASON?
MAN: PROBABLY ABOUT THIRD TO
FOURTH WEEK IN MAY.
WE HAVE OUR FIRST VARIETIES THAT
RIPEN THEN.
MAN: WHEN DO THE LAST VARIETIES?
MAN: WE FARM THE OLD WAY YOU
WANT VARIETY TO STAGGER.
FROM THE THIRD WEEK OF MAY TO
THE MIDDLE OF AUGUST.
MAN: IF I WENT TO BUY AT A
MARKET WORKS THE PRICE VARY
THROUGH OUT THAT SEASON OR WOULD
IT BE PRETTY CONSISTENT?
MAN: THE WAY WE DO IT, WE KEEP A
FLAT PRICE.
MAN: THAT'S A GOOD IDEA BUSINESS
SCHOOL STUDENTS.
THEN THERE WOULD BE DEMAND
PRICING LIKE RESTAURANT EATING
IS NOW.
MAN: I DO IT BECAUSE THIS IS
WHAT I THINK IT IS WORTH, AND I
HOPE YOU CAN SELL IT AT THAT
PRICE.
WE DON'T DO THAT MUCH ON DEMAND.
SO WE ARE OLD FASHIONED.
MY HOPE IS THAT EVERYBODY IN
THAT FOOD SYSTEM HAS THAT --
HERE'S THE DICHOTOMY WE TALKED A
LITTLE BIT ABOUT.
THERE'S THIS DISRUPTIVE ECONOMY.
THIS IS WHAT ENTREPRENEURS ARE.
THIS IS THE FLIP SIDE.
I WANT STABILITY.
I WANT CONSISTENCY.
I THINK MY WORKERS, MY TRUCKERS,
THE BUYERS, THEY WANT
CONSISTENCY.
THE BEST YEARS I HAVE HAD IS
WHEN WE ALL KNOW WHAT THE PRICE
IS AND WE CAN ALL PLAN AROUND
IT, AND WE DON'T GET SURPRISES
ONE WAY OR THE OTHER.
THAT DOESN'T BRING OUT THE
WEIRDNESS.
SOMETIMES IN A REALLY HOT MARKET
THERE'S A TEMPTATION, IF THE
PRICE OF THE PEACH SUDDENLY
DOUBLES, THERE'S A TEMPTATION TO
PICK GREEN PEACHES BECAUSE THE
PRICE IS GOOD.
IT IS HARD NOT TO DO THAT WHEN
YOU GO, IF I WAIT ANOTHER WEEK
FOR THAT PEACH TO BE PERFECT,
THE PRICE MAY COLLAPSE.
MAYBE I WILL PICK IT GREEN AND
NO ONE WILL NOTICE.
ALL RIGHT?
IT IS PART OF THAT HUMAN NATURE.
IT IS EXACTLY THE WORK WE WANT
TO DO.
WE WANT THE HUMAN ELEMENT OF IT.
WE ALSO LOVE CONSISTENCY AT THE
SAME TIME.
MAN: IT REMIND ME OF THE THEME
HE WHO KNOWS WHEN ENOUGH IS
ENOUGH WILL ALWAYS HAVE ENOUGH.
MAN: YEAH, SO I TRY TO DO.
MAN: ONE LAST QUESTION.
I WAS INTRIGUED YOU MADE SOME
COMMENT ABOUT DON'T MAKE
COMMENTS ON YELP.
TELL US MORE.
MAN: ONE OF THE CHALLENGES OF
YOUR NEW SOCIAL MEDIA IS
EVERYBODY HAS LIKE AN EQUAL
VOICE.
USED TO BE IN THE FOOD SYSTEM
FOR EXAMPLE, I AM A WRITER, SO
REVIEWS OF A BOOK USED TO BE
THEY WERE THE GATEKEEPERS WHERE
YOU HAVE THE NEW YORK TIMES, THE
LA TIMES, THE NEW YORK REVIEW OF
BOOKS.
THOSE WERE THE GATEKEEPERS IF
YOU GOT A GOOD REVIEW YOU FELT
GREAT.
NOW EVERYBODY IS A REVIEWER.
SO ON AMAZON, RIGHT, I DON'T
READ THE REVIEWS, BECAUSE ON
AMAZON, FOR EXAMPLE, THEY HAVE
CHANGED THEIR POLICIES.
ONE OF MY BOOKS SOMEONE WROTE
THIS SCATHING REVIEW SAYING THIS
IS TERRIBLE.
I KNEW THE PERSON HADN'T READ
THE BOOK.
THEY ACTUALLY DID RESEARCH AND
THEY KICKED THAT REVIEWER OFF.
IT WAS SOMEONE WHO JUST WANTED
TO BE AN ASSHOLE.
YOU LAUGH BUT THERE'S A LOT OUT
THERE, YOU KNOW.
MAN: YOU CAN QUOTE HIM ON THAT.
MAN: IT IS THE REALITY OF SOCIAL
MEDIA.
EVERYBODY HAS A VOICE.
A FRIEND OF MINE FROM UCLA, HE
LOOKED AT THAI RESTAURANTS AND
THE REVIEWERS ON YELP WHO
REVIEWED TIE RESTAURANTS, THEY
TENDED TO BE CRITICAL OF THE
ASIAN SERVERS.
IF YOU STARTED SCRATCHING
DEEPER, THESE WERE RACIST
COMMENTS.
HE DIDN'T QUITE UNDERSTAND THEIR
ENGLISH WHEN THEY ARE TELLING US
THE SPECIAL.
THE FELLOW CAME OUT AND DIDN'T
UNDERSTAND THE RULES OF
ETIQUETTE.
THESE ARE RACIST COMMENTS AIMED
AT THOSE THAI SERVERS IN THAI
RESTAURANTS.
BUT ON YELP YOU DIDN'T SEE THAT.
SERVICE IS TERRIBLE, WAITERS ARE
TABLE AT EXPLAINING THE FOOD.
OR THE FOOD CAME OUT UNEVEN,
CLEARLY HAVEN'T TRAINED THEIR
WAIT STAFF.
BUT WHEN YOU SCRATCH DEEPER
THERE WAS ANOTHER UNDER CURRENT
GOING ON.
SO WE LIVE IN THIS NEW
TRANSPARENT SYSTEM WHERE
EVERYONE IS A REVIEWER.
YOU DON'T GIVE REVIEWS OF
LECTURES, DO YOU?
MAN: THUMBS DOWN, THUMBS UP.
MAN: LIKE IN THE ACADEMY WHERE
YOU REVIEW YOUR PROFESSORS OR
YOUR DOCTORS.
I AM NOT SAYING WE CAN STOP IT
THERE'S THIS SHIFT THAT IS
OCCURRING.
THAT WAS THE IDEA.
THEY LAKED THE IDEA THAT WE ARE
ALL COLLABORATORS.
YOU ARE JUST NOT A CONSUMER OF
MY TRUTH.
YOU ARE PART OF MY FARM.
MY HOPE IS THAT WE ALL
COLLABORATE TOGETHER SO WE CAN
ALL WORK TOGETHER.
MAN: THANK YOU FOR SUCH AN
INSPIRING VISIT.
MAN: THANK YOU.
MAN: NEXT WEEK WE HAVE FOR YOU,
BEFORE YOU RUN OUT OF THE ROOM,
PROFESSOR ROBERT RICE WILL BE
HERE NEXT WEDNESDAY.
MAN: NO KIDDING?
MAN: I THINK HE WILL BE HERE IN
BETWEEN CNN INTERVIEWS.
ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT VOICES
NOW IN THE POLITICAL ECONOMY,
DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR HERE AT
BERKELEY, PLEASE READ THE
READINGS.
YOU WILL GET A LOT MORE OUT OF
THE CONVERSATION.
WE HAVE THREE CHAPTERS OF HIS
BOOK WHICH ARE ALL ON B COURSES,
AND I HAVE ALSO ASSIGNED YOU THE
FIRST CHAPTER OF FILL HOWARD'S
BOOK CONCENTRATION AND POWER IN
THE FOOD INDUSTRY WHICH WILL BE
VERY INTERESTING TO FRAME THE
CONVERSATION AROUND INEQUALITY
AND STRATIFICATION OF THE
ECONOMY.
HAVE A SAFE AND PLEASANT
EVENING.
THANKS FOR BEING HERE.