Relative clauses | Syntax | Khan Academy Video Lecture | Complete Course on English Grammar: Upgrade your Speaking & Listening - Personal Skills

hello grammarians hello Rosie hi David
so today we're going to talk about a
special kind of dependent clause which
again is a kind of clause that can't be
a sentence on its own called
a relative clause so a relative clause
is a dependent clause that starts with a
relative pronoun so ok so a relative
pronoun is a word like who or that or
which or whose or where that like like
any pronoun substitutes in for another
part of the sentence so for example
Harry Potter is also known as the boy
who lived a boy who lived just rambled I
listen yeah that's my Dumbledore I like
it thank you you can see in this little
snippet who is subbing in for the boy
right so so it is behaving like a
pronoun but a relative pronoun and so
we've got this thing here who lived the
boy lived on its own could be a sentence
but who lived cannot be well who lived
is is describing the boy so right now
all of this together is just a noun
phrase but who lived within this noun
phrase is a relative clause so we need
to find a store that sells the new
willamette cold brew coffee ice cream
I've heard it's really good so all of
this together
is a sentence this is definitely a
sentence we need to find a store that
sells the new willamette cold brew
coffee ice cream like indisputably that
is a sentence we have our subject we we
have a verb need and then the object of
of need is to find a store that sells
the new willamette cold brew coffee ice
cream but we're focusing on this yellow
part here so that is substituting in for
a store that's what that relative
pronoun is representing and then we have
that sells the news so we've got store
that sells right so that is our subject
here sells is the verb the new
Willamette called brew coffee
ice cream is the object of cells and
everything in yellow here all this
yellow text is our relative clause
it cannot stand on its own as a sentence
you could not just have that cells the
new Willamette cold brew coffee ice
cream on its own that doesn't work
because the very presence of this
relative pronoun requires more stuff to
go on let's make things a little bit
more complicated the woman who always
wore a red hat
came into the cafe every Sunday so this
sentence contains a relative clause
right there in the middle of it who
always wore a red hat right so we've got
who substituting in for the woman and
that's the subject of the verb phrase
wore a red hat but again this could not
be a sentence on its own now the
challenge here is when you see sentences
like this in the wild and when you see
sentences like these in the excercises
they're not going to be differentiated
for your convenience with two different
colors so you have to be very careful to
figure out where this dependent clause
begins and ends so you can parse so you
can make sense of this sentence in order
to make it work so really this what is
this sentence actually saying just on a
base level the woman came into the cafe
right and so everything else this every
Sunday or who always wore a red hat that
is kind of extra and so it's your job as
a writer
reader and editor of text as someone who
is working with the english/language to
puzzle it out and separate the sentence
into its components right this is a who
always wear a red hat as a description
of the woman right then we move on to
the verb the action of the sentence what
is she doing she came into the café's so
that's not part of that relative clause
the relative clause is just in this case
providing some description of the woman
right so use your best sense because yes
it is possible that the red hat could be
the thing that comes into the cafe every
Sunday but it's more likely that that
hat is attached to the woman that was
referenced earlier right so that is a
relative clause you can learn anything
Dave it out Rosie out