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Mendels Law of inheritance - Heredity & Evolution Video Lecture - Class 10

FAQs on Mendels Law of inheritance - Heredity & Evolution Video Lecture - Class 10

1. What is Mendel's Law of inheritance?
Ans. Mendel's Law of inheritance, also known as Mendelian genetics, is a set of principles that explain how traits are passed from parents to offspring. It states that traits are determined by discrete units of heredity, which are now known as genes. These genes exist in pairs, and during reproduction, they segregate and recombine randomly to create new combinations of traits in the offspring.
2. How did Mendel conduct his experiments to formulate his laws?
Ans. Mendel conducted his experiments on pea plants to formulate his laws of inheritance. He carefully selected pea plants that exhibited clear-cut contrasting traits, such as tall vs. short height, round vs. wrinkled seeds, and yellow vs. green seeds. He cross-pollinated these plants by transferring pollen from the male reproductive organs of one plant to the female reproductive organs of another. He then observed the traits of the resulting offspring and recorded their ratios. Through repeated experiments and meticulous record-keeping, Mendel formulated his laws.
3. What are the three main principles of Mendel's Law of inheritance?
Ans. The three main principles of Mendel's Law of inheritance are: 1. Principle of Dominance: In a pair of contrasting traits, one trait may dominate or mask the expression of the other trait. This dominant trait is expressed in the offspring. 2. Principle of Segregation: During the formation of gametes, the paired genes segregate or separate from each other so that each gamete carries only one gene for each trait. 3. Principle of Independent Assortment: The genes for different traits segregate independently of each other during gamete formation. This means that the inheritance of one trait does not influence the inheritance of another trait.
4. How did Mendel's work contribute to our understanding of genetics?
Ans. Mendel's work laid the foundation for the science of genetics. His experiments and observations on pea plants provided crucial insights into the patterns of inheritance of traits. Mendel's laws explained how traits are passed from parents to offspring and introduced the concept of genes as discrete units of heredity. His work also demonstrated that traits are inherited independently of each other, challenging the prevailing belief in the blending theory of inheritance. Mendel's discoveries paved the way for further advancements in genetics and revolutionized our understanding of heredity.
5. What is the significance of Mendel's Law of inheritance in modern genetics?
Ans. Mendel's Law of inheritance is of immense significance in modern genetics. It forms the basis for understanding the inheritance of traits in organisms and provides a framework for studying genetic disorders, genetic engineering, and evolution. Mendel's laws, particularly the principles of segregation and independent assortment, are still widely applicable and have been validated by numerous subsequent genetic studies. The principles of Mendelian genetics are fundamental to unraveling the complexities of the human genome and developing strategies for genetic improvement in various fields, including agriculture and medicine.
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