Database Management Exam > Database Management Videos > Microsoft SQL for Beginners > SQL Tutorial- 16: Comparison Operators
SQL Tutorial- 16: Comparison Operators Video Lecture | Microsoft SQL for Beginners - Database Management
FAQs on SQL Tutorial- 16: Comparison Operators Video Lecture - Microsoft SQL for Beginners - Database Management
| 1. What are comparison operators in SQL? |  |
Ans. Comparison operators in SQL are used to compare values in a query and return a Boolean result. These operators include "=", "<>", ">", "<", ">=", and "<=", which are used to compare equality, inequality, greater than, less than, greater than or equal to, and less than or equal to, respectively.
| 2. How do comparison operators work in SQL? | |
Ans. Comparison operators in SQL compare the values on either side of the operator and return a Boolean result. For example, the "=" operator checks if two values are equal and returns "true" if they are, and "false" otherwise. The "<>" operator checks if two values are not equal and returns "true" if they are not, and "false" otherwise.
| 3. Can comparison operators be used with strings in SQL? | |
Ans. Yes, comparison operators can be used with strings in SQL. When comparing strings, the operators work based on the alphabetical order of the characters. For example, the ">" operator compares the strings based on their alphabetical order and returns "true" if the first string is greater than the second string, and "false" otherwise.
| 4. Are there any limitations to using comparison operators in SQL? | |
Ans. While comparison operators are powerful tools in SQL, there are a few limitations to keep in mind. One limitation is that comparing strings is case-sensitive, so "A" and "a" would be considered different values. Another limitation is that comparison operators may not work as expected when comparing NULL values, as NULL represents an unknown value.
| 5. Can comparison operators be used in SQL joins? | |
Ans. Yes, comparison operators can be used in SQL joins. Comparison operators are often used in the join condition to specify how the tables should be joined based on the values in specific columns. For example, the "=" operator can be used to join two tables where the values in a specific column are equal.
Text Transcript from Video
hello guys welcome to my channel this is
the 16th tutorial in this course and in
this tutorial we are going to talk about
comparison operators so the first thing
that we need to know is what our
comparison operators used for the
comparison operators as I spoke about
them in the last tutorial they are used
to compare data that's present between
columns in tables to the data that you
specify in the conditions that you put
in you know in your select queries using
the where clause right so we're going to
see all the comparison operators in
action in this tutorial so I'm going to
demonstrate all of them to you so let's
first check out what are the options
that we have in SQL so we've got the
equal to operator which is the single
equal to sign and you use this to check
whether you know data in columns is the
same as what you specify in your where
condition or not and then you've got the
not equal to operator that allows you to
check whether the data that is present
in columns in tables is you know not
equal to the data that you specify in
your conditions and then you've got the
greater than that checks whether the
data in columns is greater than what
you've specified then you've got the
less than operator which checks whether
the you know that's there in the columns
is less than the data that you've
specified in the conditions and you've
got greater than equal to or less than
equal to and they're both self
explanatory right so next we are going
to check out all these operators in the
MySQL environment I've got my MySQL
workbench here and in the test database
I no longer have two tables I have got
just one and I removed the EMP
underscore info table and I've just got
the employee table here and the employee
table two is not the same as the one
with which we've been working all along
in this course I have made the some
modifications to it I've added you know
about 15 rows of data to it right so
we're going to check out the structure
of the table first using the de SC
command and I'll type in des C employee
a semicolon the control enter that would
give me the structure so these are the
fields that I have in the table
currently the ID field name field age
email and salary fields so I know
longer have the DOB field I have changed
that to age and it's also not update
type its of integer type so it will be
holding numeric values and whole values
not fractional values right so you would
see ages as 21 22 24 not as twenty two
point five or twenty three point six
right and the ID field is the primary
key for the table and the name field as
well as the email field both these views
are of variable character type while the
salary field is of decimal type it can
hold a maximum of ten digits and it can
have two values after the decimal point
right so this is the structure of the
table next we're going to check out the
data that's there in the table using the
Select statement so I'll type and select
space the asterisk symbol because I want
to see data for all fields and then the
name of the table are for the from
keywords so from employee I put in a
semicolon and when I press ctrl enter
you see that I have got lot of data in
this table and the ID values starts from
1901 1900 and it you know goes from 1900
to 1940
so in total there are 15 rows in the
table and the age as I said you know the
age field is going to have new numeric
values only right so you have 22 for
John and 24 for Peter and 29 for Howard
25 for Nick so on and the salary field
the what I've just picked the you know
five digit salaries so these are random
values have got nothing to do with the
you know anything in particular so got
16,500 for roger and you've got 34,000
for Shane right and the email address
field is also there that it has the
email addresses so now we are going to
see how we can use the comparison
operator to obtain data you know that we
need right so in case you want to have
any particular condition in your select
statement right so when we execute this
let's start from employee table we get
all the rows are there in there in the
table suppose we want rows you know that
obey a particular condition like we want
to see names of all the people who have
age grade
than 25 or we want to see you know IDs
of people that have salary less than
25,000 right or if you want to see you
know how many people in total have you
know a is greater than 28 right so if
you want to see that kind of data then
you need to use your comparison
operators and these are also known as
relational operators in the programming
terminology and let's check all of them
one by one so the first query that I am
going to execute is to find out the you
know values of all fields for the
records for which the value of salary is
less than 15,000 right so to do that
I'll type in the keyword select first
right and then I put in the aspect
symbol because I want to see values in
all columns and then the name of the
table after the from keyword so I'll
type in employee and then I'm going to
type in a keyword where right so this is
a where clause and we haven't spoken
about it really in this course thus far
and I will be you know probably
recording one tutorial just for the
where clause in the near future but you
know for the time being just know that
you use the where clause to put in
conditions in your row select query
right so after the where keyword I will
give a space and then I'll type in my
condition so I want the salary to be
less than 15,000 and putting a semicolon
at the end when I press control enter in
the results said I don't get 15 rows
anymore right so I get rows with ID 1900
1901 904 and 910 so in total there are
four rows in the table that satisfy this
condition of salary less than 15,000 and
John has a salary of 12,500 and Peter
has a salary of 13,800 Stan and Phillip
to have salaries less than 15,000 right
so you can verify that the data that
you've obtained is correct satisfies the
condition right so the next operator
that we are going to check out is the
greater than operator in this case we
will find out the number of records that
have the value of salary greater than
15,000 right so I will just have to make
one modification to this query I'll
change the less than operator to the
greater than operator right that's all I
need to do
I'll press control enter and this time
where I get more records obviously
because they were 15 in total so if four
had values less than 15,000 and the rest
11 need to have values greater than
15,000 so you can check for each record
the value of salary would be greater
than 15,000 right 25,000 thirty one
thousand two hundred sixteen thousand
five hundred and so on so forth so these
are the you know operators that you use
to compare values and that's why they're
called comparison operators and we're
also going to check out the other ones
which are the equal to operator so if
you want to find out you know which
employee has salary let's say equal to
twenty nine thousand two hundred so I'll
change this to twenty nine thousand two
hundred and I'll press control enter and
there you go you see that Michael who
has the ID 907 and age twenty one has
the value of salary twenty nine thousand
two hundred right so sorry for my class
twenty nine thousand two hundred that's
why you get the you know this record in
the result set and if you want to check
which employees do not have this salary
then you replace the equal to operator
by the not equal to operator which is
the less than the greater than symbol
combined together so you press the
control enter now you see that you would
get all records except Michael so
Michael won't be present in the result
set you can verify that right
nineteen hundred row with ID 1907 is not
there in the results at CB or 906 for
day when the 908 for Shan and next if
you want to check out you know how many
how many or what all employees have
we're going to talk about how many you
know finding out how many records
satisfy a particular condition when we
talk about aggregate functions later on
so at the moment let's just you know
concentrate on getting records and then
finding how many records we've got
that's something that we'll deal with
later on so if you want to check out you
know the records that have salary you
know less than or equal to twenty nine
thousand five hundred twenty nine
thousand two hundred that is so you put
in the equal to operator there and you
run the query and there you go this time
you would see that Michael would also
figure in the results set right and all
employees that have salaries greater
than twenty nine thousand two hundred
would not be there right so only
employees that have this salary or
employees that do not have the salary
but lesser values would appear in the
result side and you know now we're going
to work with the age column right and
you can also work with the you know
character fields if you want to so if
you want to see the salary of you know
John then all you have to do is replace
the astrick symbol here with the you
know salary and type in the name field
here and then the condition and since
you know name is a character field
you'll have to put in your value in
single quotes right so if you want to
check the value of salary for John you
put in John within single quotes press
control enter it there you go you see
that the salary for John is 12,500
right and we're also going to you know
run a query for the greater than equal
to operator and again I'll put an
asterisk here I'm going to find out you
know values for all fields for all
employees that have age greater than or
equal to let's say 24 right so all these
employees have age greater than 24
Howard and Peter and next and Roger Dave
Shan and there are some records that are
missing so you don't have a continuum
there as you can see Michael is not
there in the list and then you know
someone else is also not there in the
list because the row with ID 1910 is
missing and the row with ID 1914 is also
missing so these are the things that you
can do with the comparison operators and
the rail really useful and we'll be
using them too quite a lot in the coming
tutorials and I hope you guys had fun
watching this one please subscribe to my
channel in case you haven't already and
I'll see you soon
the 16th tutorial in this course and in
this tutorial we are going to talk about
comparison operators so the first thing
that we need to know is what our
comparison operators used for the
comparison operators as I spoke about
them in the last tutorial they are used
to compare data that's present between
columns in tables to the data that you
specify in the conditions that you put
in you know in your select queries using
the where clause right so we're going to
see all the comparison operators in
action in this tutorial so I'm going to
demonstrate all of them to you so let's
first check out what are the options
that we have in SQL so we've got the
equal to operator which is the single
equal to sign and you use this to check
whether you know data in columns is the
same as what you specify in your where
condition or not and then you've got the
not equal to operator that allows you to
check whether the data that is present
in columns in tables is you know not
equal to the data that you specify in
your conditions and then you've got the
greater than that checks whether the
data in columns is greater than what
you've specified then you've got the
less than operator which checks whether
the you know that's there in the columns
is less than the data that you've
specified in the conditions and you've
got greater than equal to or less than
equal to and they're both self
explanatory right so next we are going
to check out all these operators in the
MySQL environment I've got my MySQL
workbench here and in the test database
I no longer have two tables I have got
just one and I removed the EMP
underscore info table and I've just got
the employee table here and the employee
table two is not the same as the one
with which we've been working all along
in this course I have made the some
modifications to it I've added you know
about 15 rows of data to it right so
we're going to check out the structure
of the table first using the de SC
command and I'll type in des C employee
a semicolon the control enter that would
give me the structure so these are the
fields that I have in the table
currently the ID field name field age
email and salary fields so I know
longer have the DOB field I have changed
that to age and it's also not update
type its of integer type so it will be
holding numeric values and whole values
not fractional values right so you would
see ages as 21 22 24 not as twenty two
point five or twenty three point six
right and the ID field is the primary
key for the table and the name field as
well as the email field both these views
are of variable character type while the
salary field is of decimal type it can
hold a maximum of ten digits and it can
have two values after the decimal point
right so this is the structure of the
table next we're going to check out the
data that's there in the table using the
Select statement so I'll type and select
space the asterisk symbol because I want
to see data for all fields and then the
name of the table are for the from
keywords so from employee I put in a
semicolon and when I press ctrl enter
you see that I have got lot of data in
this table and the ID values starts from
1901 1900 and it you know goes from 1900
to 1940
so in total there are 15 rows in the
table and the age as I said you know the
age field is going to have new numeric
values only right so you have 22 for
John and 24 for Peter and 29 for Howard
25 for Nick so on and the salary field
the what I've just picked the you know
five digit salaries so these are random
values have got nothing to do with the
you know anything in particular so got
16,500 for roger and you've got 34,000
for Shane right and the email address
field is also there that it has the
email addresses so now we are going to
see how we can use the comparison
operator to obtain data you know that we
need right so in case you want to have
any particular condition in your select
statement right so when we execute this
let's start from employee table we get
all the rows are there in there in the
table suppose we want rows you know that
obey a particular condition like we want
to see names of all the people who have
age grade
than 25 or we want to see you know IDs
of people that have salary less than
25,000 right or if you want to see you
know how many people in total have you
know a is greater than 28 right so if
you want to see that kind of data then
you need to use your comparison
operators and these are also known as
relational operators in the programming
terminology and let's check all of them
one by one so the first query that I am
going to execute is to find out the you
know values of all fields for the
records for which the value of salary is
less than 15,000 right so to do that
I'll type in the keyword select first
right and then I put in the aspect
symbol because I want to see values in
all columns and then the name of the
table after the from keyword so I'll
type in employee and then I'm going to
type in a keyword where right so this is
a where clause and we haven't spoken
about it really in this course thus far
and I will be you know probably
recording one tutorial just for the
where clause in the near future but you
know for the time being just know that
you use the where clause to put in
conditions in your row select query
right so after the where keyword I will
give a space and then I'll type in my
condition so I want the salary to be
less than 15,000 and putting a semicolon
at the end when I press control enter in
the results said I don't get 15 rows
anymore right so I get rows with ID 1900
1901 904 and 910 so in total there are
four rows in the table that satisfy this
condition of salary less than 15,000 and
John has a salary of 12,500 and Peter
has a salary of 13,800 Stan and Phillip
to have salaries less than 15,000 right
so you can verify that the data that
you've obtained is correct satisfies the
condition right so the next operator
that we are going to check out is the
greater than operator in this case we
will find out the number of records that
have the value of salary greater than
15,000 right so I will just have to make
one modification to this query I'll
change the less than operator to the
greater than operator right that's all I
need to do
I'll press control enter and this time
where I get more records obviously
because they were 15 in total so if four
had values less than 15,000 and the rest
11 need to have values greater than
15,000 so you can check for each record
the value of salary would be greater
than 15,000 right 25,000 thirty one
thousand two hundred sixteen thousand
five hundred and so on so forth so these
are the you know operators that you use
to compare values and that's why they're
called comparison operators and we're
also going to check out the other ones
which are the equal to operator so if
you want to find out you know which
employee has salary let's say equal to
twenty nine thousand two hundred so I'll
change this to twenty nine thousand two
hundred and I'll press control enter and
there you go you see that Michael who
has the ID 907 and age twenty one has
the value of salary twenty nine thousand
two hundred right so sorry for my class
twenty nine thousand two hundred that's
why you get the you know this record in
the result set and if you want to check
which employees do not have this salary
then you replace the equal to operator
by the not equal to operator which is
the less than the greater than symbol
combined together so you press the
control enter now you see that you would
get all records except Michael so
Michael won't be present in the result
set you can verify that right
nineteen hundred row with ID 1907 is not
there in the results at CB or 906 for
day when the 908 for Shan and next if
you want to check out you know how many
how many or what all employees have
we're going to talk about how many you
know finding out how many records
satisfy a particular condition when we
talk about aggregate functions later on
so at the moment let's just you know
concentrate on getting records and then
finding how many records we've got
that's something that we'll deal with
later on so if you want to check out you
know the records that have salary you
know less than or equal to twenty nine
thousand five hundred twenty nine
thousand two hundred that is so you put
in the equal to operator there and you
run the query and there you go this time
you would see that Michael would also
figure in the results set right and all
employees that have salaries greater
than twenty nine thousand two hundred
would not be there right so only
employees that have this salary or
employees that do not have the salary
but lesser values would appear in the
result side and you know now we're going
to work with the age column right and
you can also work with the you know
character fields if you want to so if
you want to see the salary of you know
John then all you have to do is replace
the astrick symbol here with the you
know salary and type in the name field
here and then the condition and since
you know name is a character field
you'll have to put in your value in
single quotes right so if you want to
check the value of salary for John you
put in John within single quotes press
control enter it there you go you see
that the salary for John is 12,500
right and we're also going to you know
run a query for the greater than equal
to operator and again I'll put an
asterisk here I'm going to find out you
know values for all fields for all
employees that have age greater than or
equal to let's say 24 right so all these
employees have age greater than 24
Howard and Peter and next and Roger Dave
Shan and there are some records that are
missing so you don't have a continuum
there as you can see Michael is not
there in the list and then you know
someone else is also not there in the
list because the row with ID 1910 is
missing and the row with ID 1914 is also
missing so these are the things that you
can do with the comparison operators and
the rail really useful and we'll be
using them too quite a lot in the coming
tutorials and I hope you guys had fun
watching this one please subscribe to my
channel in case you haven't already and
I'll see you soon
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Nov 25, 2024 Last updated |
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