Video: Population Video Lecture - UPSC

hello student welcome to the lecture on
population distribution density growth
and composition and after this lecture
we will be able to learn the following
objectives describe the distribution of
population define the growth of
population explain the regional
variations in population growth define
the population composition and describe
the migration and consequences of
migration
distribution of population let us
discuss about the distribution of
population in there is a second most
populous country after China in the
world with its total population of 1028
million in this population is larger
than the total population of North
America South America and Australia put
together it is clear that India has a
highly uneven pattern of population
distribution the percentage share of
population of the states and union
territories in the country sure that
what the pradesh has the highest
population followed by maharashtra Bihar
West Bengal and unrep addition check
from the figure given above that you P
Maharashtra Bihar West Bengal Andhra
Pradesh along with Tamil Nadu but their
Pradesh Rajasthan Nautica and Gujarat
together gone for about 76 percent of
the total population of the country on
the other hand share of population is
very small in the states like Jammu and
Kashmir 0.98% a natural Pradesh 0.11%
and Bhutan chill 0.8 3% in spite of
these states having fairly large
geographical area such an uneven spat
field distribution of population in
India suggests a close relationship
between population and physical
socio-economic and historical factors
density of population is expressed as
number of person per unit area it helps
in getting a better understanding of the
spectral distribution of population in
relation to land the density of
population in India 2001 is 313 percent
per square kilometre and ranks third
among the most densely populated
countries of Asia
following Bangladesh 849 person and
Japan 334 persons there has been a
steady increase of about 200 percent per
square kilometer over the last 50 years
as a density of population increased
from 117 percent square kilometer 1951
to 313 % square kilometer in 2001 the
density of population is a crude measure
of human and land relationship to get a
better insight into the human land ratio
in terms of pressure of population and
total cultivable land of physiological
and agriculture densities should be
found out which are significant for
country like India having a large
agricultural population growth of
population growth of population is a
change in the number of people living in
a particular area between two points of
time its rate is expressed in percentage
population growth has two components
namely natural and induce or the natural
brute is analyzed by assessing the crude
birth and death rates the induced
components are explained by the volume
of inward and outward movement of people
in any given area migration is a
reference to a response to the uneven
distribution of opportunities over space
the period from 1901 to 1921 is referred
to as a period of stagnant or stationary
phase of growth of India's population
since in this period growth rate was
very low even recording a negative
growth rate during 1911 to 1921 gota
burn rate and death rate were high
keeping the rate of increased low poor
health and medical services illiteracy
of people at large and inefficient
distribution system of food and other
basic necessities were largely
responsible for a high birth and death
rate in this period the decades of 1921
to 1951 are referred to as a period a
steady population growth and overall
improvement in health and sanitation
throughout the country brought on the
mortality rate at the same time vector
transport and communication system
improved distribution system the decades
1951 to 1981
are referred to as a period of
population explosion in India which was
caused by a rapid fall in the mortality
rate but a high fertility rate of
population in
country average annual growth rate was a
high as 2.2 percent in this period after
the independence that development
activities were introduced through a
centralized planning process and it
could normally started showing up
ensuring they're proving of living
condition of people at large in the post
1981 till present the growth rate of
country's population though remain high
has started slowing down gradually a
downward trend of crude birth rate is
held responsible for such a population
growth this was in turn affected by
increase in the mean age at marriage
improve quality of life particularly
education of females in the country
regional variation in population growth
the growth rate of population during
1991 to 2001 in Indian states and union
territories shows very obvious pattern
states like Kerala Karnataka Tamil Nadu
Andhra Pradesh Orissa Pondicherry and
Goa show a lower rate of growth not
exceeding 20% over the decade Kerala
registered the lowest growth rate 9.4
not only in this book are states but
also in the country as a whole a
continuous belt our states from west to
east in the northwest not and not
central parts of the country has
relatively high growth rate in the
southern states an important expect of
population growth in India is the growth
of it's a Tollison at present the share
of $1 and that is up to the age group of
10 to 19 years is about 22% 2001 it
appears from the discussion that the
growth rate of population is widely
variance over space and time in the
country and also highlights various
social problems related to the growth of
population however in order to have a
better insight into the growth pattern
of population it is also necessary to
look into the social composition of
population
population composition population
composition is a testing field of study
within population geography with a vast
coverage of analyst of age and sex place
our resistance ethnic characteristic
tribes language religion marital status
literacy and education occupation
characteristic etc the composition of
Indian population with respect to their
ruler urban characteristic language
religion and pattern of occupation
composition of population by the
respective places of resident is an
important indicator of social and
economic characteristic this becomes
even more significant for our country
where about 72% of its total population
lives in villages the distribution of
rural population is not uniform
throughout the country you might have
noted that the states like Bihar and
Sikkim have very high percentage of
rural population the state of Goa and
Maharajah have only little over half of
the total population residing in
villages Linnaean territories on the
other hand have smaller portion of rural
population except Dada and Nagar Haveli
77.1% the size of villages also varies
considerably it is less than 200 percent
in the hill states of noticed in India
western Rajasthan and run of Kutch and
as high as 17,000 person in the states
of Kerala and parts of Maharashtra the
ruler urban migration is conspicious in
the case of urban areas along the main
road links and railroads in the not
Indian Plains industrial areas around
Kolkata Mumbai Bangalore Mysore Madurai
Coimbatore and adabot Surat Delhi Kanpur
and the Diana
jalander in the agricultural taking
parts of the middle and lower ganga
plants Telangana non irrigated western
Rajasthan remote hilly tribal areas of
not east along the flood prone areas of
peninsular India and along eastern part
of Madhya Pradesh degree of urbanization
has remained low
India is the land of linguistic
diversity according to Grusin linguistic
service Indian 1903 to 1928 there were
179 languages and as many as 544
dialects in the country in the context
of modern India there are about 18
scheduled languages 1991 census the
number of non scheduled languages the
speakers of major Indian languages
belong to four language families which
have sub families and ranchers or groups
religion is one of the more dominant
forces affecting the cultural and
political life of the most of Indians
since religion virtually pre meets into
almost all the expects of people's
family and community lives this Patel
distribution of religious communities in
the country shows that there are certain
states and districts having large
numerical strength of one religion while
the same may be very negligibly
represented in other state Hindus are
distributed as a major group in many
states ranging from seventy to ninety
percent and above except the district of
states along into Bangladesh border in
the park border Jammu and Kashmir Hill
states of nahdi's and scatter a tourism
Deccan Plateau and Ganga plan genes have
major concentration in the urban areas
of Rajasthan Gujarat and Maharashtra
while the Buddhists are concentrated
mostly in Maharashtra it is observed
that India the proportion of workers
both main and marginal is only 39% 2001
leaving a vast majority of 61 percent as
non workers this indicates an economic
stages in which there is a large
proportion of dependent population
further indicating possible existence of
large number of unemployed or under
employed people migration you are
familiar with census in India it
contains information about migration the
country actually migration was recorded
beginning from the first census of India
conducted in 1881 this data were
recorded on the basis of place of birth
however the first video
modification was introduced in 1961
census by bringing in two additional
components via place of birth that is
village or town and duration of
residence if no then further information
is taken on ruler or urban status of the
place of birth name of district and
state and if outside again the name of
the country of birth if yes then further
question are asked about the status
ruler our urban of previous place of
residence name of district and state
without site India name of the country
reason for migration from the place of
the last residence and duration of
residence in place of enumeration are
also arcs in the census of India
migration is enumerated on two bases
place a put if the place of good is
different from the place of enumeration
known as lifetime my grave place of
resident if the place of last resident
is different from the place of
enumeration known as my green by place
of last residence can you imagine the
proportion of my grains in the
population of India as per 2001 census
out of 1029 million people in the
country 307 million 30 person were
reported as my green by place of birth
however this figure was 315 million that
you want to send in case of place of
last residence you recall of your period
British period millions of the
indentured labourers was sent to
Mauritius
Caribbean islands Trinidad Tobago and
Guiana Fiji and South Africa by British
from Uttar Pradesh and Bihar to Reunion
Island Guadeloupe Martinique and
Suriname by French and Dutch and by
Portuguese from Goa Daman and due to
Angola Mozambique ooh to work as
plantation workers or such migrations
were covered under the time on contact
known as Government Act Indian
Immigration Act after liberalization in
the 90s education and knowledge base
Indian immigration has made Indian
diaspora
one of the most powerful diasporas in
the world
a few fakes pertaining to the internal
migration within the country and
international migration out of the
country and into the country from other
countries are presented here under the
internal migration four streams are
identified ruler to ruler ruler to urban
urban to urban and urban to ruler in
India during 2001 out of 315 million
migrants enumerated on the basic of the
last resident and to 8 million had
changed their place of residence in the
last 10 years out of these 81 million
were intrastate migrants the stream was
dominated by female migrants most of
these were my related to marriage the
distribution of main and female models
and different streams of interested and
interstate migration there could be
variety of reason for migration Bush
factor these caused people to leave the
place of residence or origin and bull
factors which attracted people from
different places in India people
migrated from ruler to urban areas
mainly due to poverty lack of basic
infrastructure facilities like health
care education etc apart from these
factors natural disasters such as flood
drought cyclonic storms earthquake
tsunami was and local conflict also give
extra push to migrate
despite the relevance of non-economic
factors most of the studies indicate
that migration is primarily motivated by
economic factors a large number of
developing countries know agriculture
income agriculture unemployment and
under development are considered basic
factors pushing the migrants towards a
prosperous or dynamic areas with greater
job opportunities the differences in the
rates of population increase between the
different regions of a nation have been
found to be a determinant in the
internal migration fertility and the
natural increase in population are
generally higher in ruler areas which
drift the ruler population towards the
city are the important demographic
factor in internal migration is marriage
social and cultural
does also play an important role in
migration sometimes family conflicts
quest for independence also cause
migration especially of those in the
younger generation improved
communication facilities such as
transportation impact of the television
cinema the urban oriented education and
resulted change in attitudes and valleys
also promote migration sometimes even
political factors encourage or
discourage migration from region to
another
for instance in India the reservation of
the jobs for sons of the soil policy the
state governments will certainly
discourage a migration from other states
a number of other factors such as the
presence of relatives and friends in
urban areas who mostly provide health
desire to receive education which is
available within urban areas are factors
responsible for migration migration is
considerably influenced by factors such
as the closest of cultural contracts
cultural diversity etc consequences of
migration migration is a response to the
uneven distribution of opportunities
over place people tend to move from
place of lower positive and low safety
to the place of high opportunity and
better safety this in turn creates both
benefits and problems with the areas
people migrate from and migrate to
consequences can be observed in economic
social cultural political and
demographic terms a major benefit for
the source region is the remittance send
by migrants remittances from the
international migrants are one of the
major sources of foreign exchange in
2002 Indian received a u.s. dollar 11
billion as remittances from
international migrants it plays an
important role in the growth of economy
of the source area migration leads to
the redistribution of the population
within a country ruler urban migration
is one of the important factors
contributing to the population growth of
cities migrants act as agent of social
change migration leads to intent mixing
of people from diverse cultures it has
positive contributions such as
innovation of composite culture and
breaking through the narrow conservation
and widens up the mental horizons of the
people at large overcrowding of people
due to urban ruler migration has put
pressure on the existing social and
physical infrastructure in the urban
areas this ultimately leads to unplanned
growth of urban settlement and formation
of slums Santa colonies
apart from this due to over exploitation
of natural resources cities are facing
the equity problem of depletion of
groundwater air pollution and disposal
of sewage and management of solid waste
summary now in the end let us summarize
what we have learned in this lecture
India has a highly uneven pattern of
population distribution the percentage
share a population of the states and
union territories in the country show
that the Pradesh has the highest
population followed by Maharashtra Bihar
has been gone and Andhra Pradesh grow
the population is the change in the
number of people living in a particular
area between two points of time the gril
rate of population during 1991 to 2001
in Indian states and union territories
show very obvious pattern the states
like Kerala
Nautica Tamil Nadu Andhra Pradesh Orissa
pondichery and go I show a low rate of
growth not exceeding 20% over the decade
population composition is a distinct
field of study within population
geography with a vast coverage of
analyst of age and sex phase our
residents ethnic characteristic tribes
language religion marital status
literacy and education occupational
characteristic etc census in India
contains information about migration in
the country
migration was recorded beginning from
the first census of India conducted in
1881 migration is a response to the
uneven distribution of opportunities
over space