Human Digestive System Video Lecture - BPSC (Bihar)

food is to our body what fuel is to an
automobile
it contains bio macromolecules such as
carbohydrates
proteins and lipids as well as vitamins
and minerals which enable our body to
perform functions such as respiration
solution and so on
capable of using certain bio
macromolecules such as carbohydrates and
proteins in their original form
therefore relies on the
justice system to break down food and
convert the bio macromolecules into
smaller
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simple and absorbable molecules
our digestive system comprises the
elementary canal or the gastrointestinal
tract and the digestive glands
the elementary canal
partway through which food enters the
body and solid wastes are registered
includes organs such as the mouth
Lynx
furgus stomach
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Largent this time
Amos
if we observe the structure
Elementary canal
at the mouth
mentally canal
it's too
cavity or buccal cavity
which contains the teeth and the tongue
each tooth in the cavity is embedded in
a socket of the jawbone
judgment known as a legged aunt
the hard chewing surface of the tooth
made up of enamel
and breaking down of pooled
interestingly
human beings developed two sets of teeth
during their lifetime and are hence
known as the feared aunt
the provenance
adults are of four types
incisors represented by eye
p9s represented by sea
premolars
as represented by P M and M respectively
the arrangement of teeth in the upper
and lower half of the jaw
can be I
see
p.m.
is expressed using the dental formula
one two three upon two one two three
the tongue
the second member of the old
Oh cavity
is a freely mobile muscle attached to
the floor of the oral cavity
by the frenulum
the tongue is covered with papillae
arranged in a row
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of which have tastebuds
the tongue helps push food from the oral
cavity into the pharynx
for air and food
the pharynx opens into the windpipe or
trachea and esophagus
narrowed
muscular Hogan
through the pharynx and approaches the
esophageal entrance
the cartilage tissue called the
epiglottis
reflexively closes thereby preventing
the food from entering the windpipe
the esophagus conducts the
from the pharynx to the stomach
at the end of the esophagus lies the
gastro esophageal sphincter
one-way valve
food to enter the stomach but prevents
it from regurgitating
a j-shaped sack
is located in the upper left part of the
abdominal cavity between the esophagus
and the first part of the small
intestine called the duodenum
gastric acid inside the stomach
the food we eat
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major parts
a Fonda Creegan
cardiac portion
portion
at the end of the pyloric portion lies
the pyloric sphincter
which regulates the flow of the churned
food from
stomach into the duodenum
out of the small intestine
the duodenum is followed by the jejunum
and ileum that may
the rest of the small intestine
is the short u-shaped portion
is the long coiled portion
the ilium on the other
is a highly coiled region that opens
into the large intestine
the large intestine
last part of the elementary canal
is divided into three regions
cecum
colon and rectum
the cecum
a small black
some symbiotic microorganisms
as developed in humans as in luminance
in humans
the cecum gives rise to a narrow finger
like tubular projection called the
vermiform appendix
stijl or functionless organ
the cecum open
- the :
into an ascending
verse and a descending colon
the dissenting part of the colon leads
to the rectum the bag like structure
which stores undigested food as fecal
matter till it can be passed out
electrum leads to the last member of the
elementary canal
we a miss
yes the undigested food remains
the wall of the anus as well as other
organs of the alimentary canal is made
up of four layers of tissues
namely
to Rosa
laris
submucosa
and mucosa
the serosa
the outermost layer
is made up of a thin
mesothelium along with some connective
tissues
the serosa is followed by the muscularis
sooo layer made up of a circular inner
layer and a longitudinal outer layer of
smooth muscle cells
joining the muscularis is the submucosa
- connective tissue layer containing
blood vessels
nerve endings
took vessels
did you know that in the
mucosa
finally the mucosa
the innermost layer of the elementary
canal
Numan of the elementary canal
portant layer as
youko celebrity Liam has goblet cells
which help in lubrication by secreting
mucus
in the stomach
mucosa forms gastric glands and
irregular folds called
bougie
in disdain
you cosa forms villi
all finger-like projections
the mucosa also forms crypts
called the crypts of Lieber Kuhn between
the basis of the villi
the borders of the Ville I have a blush
like appearance as the cells lining the
villi produce several microscopic
projections called micro villi
both Billy
microvilli considerably increased the
absorptive surface area of the small
intestine
will I also have a net
of capillaries and a large lymph vessel
called the lacteal
interestingly the tissues of the
elementary canal wall through
modifications by way of thickness and so
on
apart from the elementary canal
system also consists of the saliva
glands
liver and the pancreas
be known as the digestive glands
the salivary glands
located just outside the oral cavity
saliva juices into the cavity
there are three pairs of saliva glands
the parotid gland located in the cheek
ciliary or sub mandibular gland found in
the lower jaw
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the sublingual gland located below the
tongue
the liver the largest gland of the body
is located in the abdominal cavity
just below the diaphragm
it has to hepatic lobes which are
covered by a thin connective tissue
sheath called the glistens capsule
these lobules contain
patek cells called hepatocytes which are
arranged in the form of cords
the bile secreted by the hepatic cells
passes through the hepatic ducts and is
stored and concentrated in the
gallbladder
from the gallbladder along with the
hepatic duct from the liver forms the
common bile duct
function is to conduct the vial stored
in the gallbladder into the duodenum
the liver
Lan's also include the pancreas
situated in the duodenum
is a compound and elongated organ
consisting of exocrine and endocrine
parts
while the exit line portion secretes an
alkaline pancreatic juice containing
enzymes
the endocrine portion secretes hormones
such as insulin and glucagon
the pancreatic duct
is the pancreatic juices from the
exocrine portion
the common bile duct and both of them
open into the duodenum as the habit of
pancreatic duct
which is guided by the sphincter of Oddi
Elementary canal and The Associated
glands digest the food we eat and adjust
the undigested food
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