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Laws of Thermodynamics Video Lecture | Science & Technology for UPSC CSE
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FAQs on Laws of Thermodynamics Video Lecture - Science & Technology for UPSC CSE
| 1. What are the laws of thermodynamics? |  |
Ans. The laws of thermodynamics are fundamental principles that govern the behavior of energy and its transformation in physical systems. They provide a framework for understanding and analyzing the transfer, conversion, and dissipation of energy. The laws include the conservation of energy, the increase of entropy, the impossibility of reaching absolute zero temperature, and the unattainability of a perfect heat engine.
| 2. What is the conservation of energy law in thermodynamics? | |
Ans. The conservation of energy law, also known as the first law of thermodynamics, states that energy cannot be created or destroyed in an isolated system. It can only be transferred or transformed from one form to another. This law implies that the total energy of a system remains constant, even though it may change its form or be transferred between different components within the system.
| 3. What is entropy and the second law of thermodynamics? | |
Ans. Entropy is a measure of the disorder or randomness of a system. The second law of thermodynamics states that the entropy of an isolated system always increases or remains constant over time. This law implies that natural processes tend to move towards a state of greater disorder. It also establishes the directionality of energy transfer, as energy always flows from regions of higher concentration to regions of lower concentration.
| 4. Why is absolute zero temperature impossible to reach? | |
Ans. Absolute zero temperature, which is equal to 0 Kelvin or -273.15 degrees Celsius, is theoretically impossible to reach. According to the third law of thermodynamics, as a system approaches absolute zero, its entropy approaches a minimum value. This means that the system becomes perfectly ordered and its entropy cannot be reduced any further. It would require an infinite amount of time and resources to achieve absolute zero, making it practically unattainable.
| 5. What is a perfect heat engine and why is it unattainable? | |
Ans. A perfect heat engine is an idealized device that converts heat energy into mechanical work with 100% efficiency. According to the second law of thermodynamics, it is impossible to construct a perfect heat engine because some energy will always be lost as waste heat during the conversion process. This is known as the Carnot efficiency limit, which sets a maximum efficiency for any real heat engine. The unattainability of a perfect heat engine is due to the irreversible nature of natural processes and the increase in entropy.
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