Blender 2.7 Tutorial #12 : Image Textures & Bump Maps #b3d Video Lecture | Learn and Master: Blender (English) - Professional Skills

hello and welcome our 12 other video
series on how to use blender 2.7 in this
video I'm gonna show you how to add
image textures to objects in blender as
well as how to add bump Maps let's go
ahead and get started by clicking on the
splash screen I'm not going to be using
this cube for this video I'm going to be
using a flat square plane instead so I'm
go ahead with my 3d cursor in the middle
of the scene
you press shift C to Center it I'm going
to add a plane and we're going to scale
it up with the S key to whatever size
you feel comfortable now we're going to
be adding an image texture to this plane
we're actually going to add kind of like
a very desert II sort of a ground image
and I'm finding this image where I found
it at a website called CG textures calm
now this is an awesome resource for any
3d artists we're looking for textures
that you're allowed to use in your own
productions if you just do a google
image search and find a textured image
chances are somebody owns the right to
that image but this website CG textures
calm has images that you can use
royalty-free
now you have to sign up with a
membership for it membership is free for
the base membership but you can also pay
to get higher resolution images as well
what I've done is I've just god I had a
gun to the soil category and the cracked
soil category and as you can see they
have a lot to choose from I just picked
one of the first ones I saw the thing
that you should look out for when you're
fighting images for texturing especially
in 3d is tiled images because what
happens is if you repeat this Square
over and over again next to each other
you want them to tile nicely that means
the cracks will all line up when you add
more than one of these squares next to
each other so what I did was I clicked
on this thumbnail it gives you multiple
versions some are tiled some are not and
this one has the little tiled word above
it so I downloaded this one if you want
to get this image as well I'll provide a
link to it in the description below this
video and I just have saved that imaged
file which is I believe
jpg or PNG to my desktop we're going to
go ahead and add a material to this flat
plane but I'm not going to use this
material tab I now use entirely nodes
because I want you to get used to using
nodes instead of just using this area
here so I'm gonna split this window into
two so top and bottom I can change this
top window to a nodes editor before I do
that though I'm going to split it again
in half and I'm going to leave this
window is a kind of a normal of solid
shaded 3d viewport and I'm going to
change the bottom 3d viewport to a
rendered view port or viewport shading
let's go ahead and change this top
window though into a node editor and by
default it has the side panel I don't
need it in fact I'm going to get rid of
this side panel as well again we can
always click the plus to get it back but
we don't mind now normally when I add a
new material to an object in this case
the plane I would click on new again I'm
going to try to avoid using the section
entirely so I'm going to go with this
object selected in the nodes editor now
there are different kinds of notes I
should be on the material node and then
the object node right here but that's
how it is by default and I'm just going
to click new that'll add a new material
you can see it over here and I can name
it so I'm going to call this cracked
soil and you can see from my nodes that
I have a diffuse shader and I have a
material output now before I go any
further I'm actually going to turn up my
light and change it to a area light so
with the light selected I'm going to
click on area and the last video I
talked about lighting and rendering so I
talked about what the difference is
between these point son and area lights
and I want a square area like I want to
be let's say 5 under units and I'm going
to use nodes with that lamp there they
are
and I'll turn the strength up to let's
say 3
maybe even more that maybe even 500 okay
back to the plane right now we have just
a diffuse shader on it but I don't want
that I'm in fact I'm going to make this
one a little bit bigger just because we
don't need to see this one it's only for
selecting objects and so why did I
change that this shader to a mix shader'
so I can delete that one and I'm going
to go shift a and add a new shader I'm
gonna add a mix here because I want the
ground to be a little bit shiny and also
have an image texture on it below the
shininess of it so I'll make sure we let
us do that lets you plug in a glossy
shader and a diffuse or map shader but
I'm going to connect these to the
surface the surface and we're going to
add two more shaders so I'll add my
diffuse shader that's what we're going
to be adding the texture the image that
we're using that cracked soil ground
texture so I'm going to add in or
connect the diffuse shader to the bottom
slot here and I'm going to shift a and
add a glossy shader these are the three
most common shaders of you use to
texture objects because normally a
texture or a surface would be both a
little bit shiny or have some
reflectivity whatsoever and then it
would have some color or an image so
that's what it looks like so far I can
turn the roughness down or up it doesn't
really matter too much I can affect the
factor of how the two mixed together I
can turn it down so it's mostly and I
think that's what it'll be mostly
diffuse if we turn this down
I believe let's just go ahead and give
it a color just for fun no it's it'll be
around half the color along the bottom
is entirely prevalent if this is too
turned up to one okay so how do we now
add an image well that's what this color
is for believe it or not you can pick a
color or using this input next to color
you can
provide an image that's what this little
yellow circle means these little circles
the inputs and outputs are color-coded
green typically means a shader gray
usually means a black and white image
this bluey purple color normally means a
math vector or a normal map which we'll
talk about in a future video and yellow
usually means a colored image so what I
can do is I can add a new node that's
going to let me add an image and that's
going to be found under the texture
category from your add menu so shift a
and text your image texture and that
adds an image texture note which I can
then use to open a file on my computer
so I'm going to connect these two notes
so now the color of the diffuse material
on my plane will be expecting an image
and because there is no image the sort
of a default color and blender and spin
this way for a long time is purple I'm
not sure why but now I can go ahead and
open an image on my computer so I can go
to my desktop and soil craft is zero
zero eight six seven s that's the felt
that I downloaded from CD textures comm
and it didn't work well here's the thing
I'm going to disconnect this color from
this image texture just by dragging it
away and you'll see that that green
color came back but when I connect the
image to the diffuse or just the normal
color of the of the plane it does change
color in fact it is a very similar color
to the overall color that's on the that
soil cracked soil texture right here so
what's going on well the image is
actually on the plane but the plane
doesn't know how to title or place the
image on the plane and that's because
the default way that blender expects you
to add images to an object or mesh is by
using what's called UV mapping and UV
mapping is a great really intricate way
of being able to tell a texture where we
placed on
but that's going to be in the next video
in this series the easiest way to put an
image onto a object especially a flat
plane is just to use what's called
generated coordinates which kind of lets
you or blender very easily put the image
on the shape or mesh the way we do that
is we have to do to find this vector now
vector again means math coordinate or
mathematical coordinate system
that's just how I would explain it so
what I'm going to do is I'm going to
tell the image texture to have a vector
coordinate system by adding another node
yes our noes are getting pretty
complicated here and they will be quite
complicated the end of this video but
I'm trying to explain it as best as I
can so I'm going to add a new node and I
believe and I usually have a hard time
finding this it's going to be I believe
under input and texture coordinate yes
that is it so texture coordinate lets
you pick normal which would be from
normal mapping which kind of means like
folding out an object flat into the UV
image editor window in blender and we'll
talk about that in the next video but we
want to have just generated coordinates
so I'm going to connect these two and
notice it's purple - purple and we have
our image texture on the image what I'm
going to do just very briefly is make
this window full screen but I want my
mouse cursor in there and pressing
control up arrow on my keyboard so you
can see those nodes in that pattern in
all their glory so if you do pause the
video now and do this in your own copy
of blender go ahead and do that now but
we're going to quickly move on the way
that we would customize how this
textures actually laid out on this
square because right now it just sort of
took the whole square image from our
computer and it placed it on the square
but what if I want to take advantage of
the fact that this texture is tiled I
want maybe all these cracks and all
these little sections to be a lot
smaller and for it to be you know much
much larger Plains much smaller copies
of this this pattern well what I have to
do is add in a new node which lets me
scaled down
many times or scale up how many times
this texture is repeated on this object
so what I'm going to do is in between
where we've said the coordinates are
generated and the image texture we're
going to add a node right here so that
sort of interrupts the flow it says yes
we're using generated coordinates and
yes we're having an image texture but
before we tell the image texture width
of the coordinates are generated we're
going to say scale it up or down
depending on what we want X number of
times so I'm going to add in a new node
and I believe it's going to be called
let me quickly try see if I can get this
I think it's called mapping so I'm going
to add a mapping node and of course if I
just drag this node onto one of these
noodles it you'll see it turns orange
that means it'll get placed in the
middle of that noodle and it'll be
connected all nicely so now we've told
our coordinate of our texture that it's
canarian but now we can go in here and
I'm going to zoom in on this we can tell
it what scale you want to be and notice
there is XY and Z for scale and we can
even change the rotation so if I change
the Z rotation you'll notice that V and
I'm going to change it by 90 degrees
that the texture rotates yes I can
rotate it and you're not seeing it very
well for that's going very fast but it
is rotating that's because we want to
spin it as if it's a pole going through
the z axis but I want to scale it up so
I'm going to change this to maybe three
and three and three and now we have that
tiled texture all over this and it is
now three by three so it's nine copies
of itself I can zoom in on it and looks
pretty good but what about that whole
glossiness thing so I'm going to go back
and I'm going to kind of adjust this
lamp just my might I know
so that you can see a little more
glossiness on this this surface so right
now the factor of the glossiness versus
the diffuse is one that means there's
almost no glossiness I'm going to turn
that down so now you're going to see
more glossiness happening on the surface
in fact maybe also to 0.5 I'm sorry
that's very small on your screen but now
what's happening is this glossiness is
glossing over all of those cracks and
that doesn't look very good we could
improve the way it looks by changing
this color to something that's more like
the color of the surface so maybe I'll
make it a little bit brown or yellow a
orange and then make it a darker yellow
orange so that it's a little bit better
but this still looks washed out what we
can do now what I want to show you now
is how to make this texture have a bump
map now a bump map doesn't actually make
the surface bumpy
it doesn't actually displace or add new
geometry on this texture but what it can
do is let you take an image texture and
define sort of artificial up-and-down
points on a flat surface that the light
in this scene your lamp will interact
with so it sort of fakes bumpy geometry
affects bumpiness now we don't want just
a bunch of little bumps you want to
follow the bumpiness or the grooves that
are on this texture so we're going to
use the same image the same image
texture with the same coordinates that
we've set up already for the diffuse map
but we're going to make these three same
nodes give us our bumpiness now where do
you add bumpiness
in here well in cycles bumpiness where
bump maps are actually called
displacement and that is sort of a
misleading term if you're familiar with
the displacement modifier in blender
you'll know that the modifier actually
does change the geometry of your myth
but in cycles in the materials
displacement just means bumps or bump
Maps
and if you know what this gray dot means
it means that it's actually expecting a
black and white or grayscale image an
image flat and you can use a colored
image file too in fact that's what we'll
be doing but if you actually want to
really control what that looked like you
can actually make a new version of this
texture in black and white and then
total black would be totally farther
away far down on a bump scale and total
white in a black and white image would
be all the way up so that's how you
define up and down in bumpiness we're
not going to make a second image though
we're just going to use these same three
nodes so what I'm going to do is I'm
gonna use the color output of the image
texture and it's going to drag it and
connect it with the displacement of our
material output and you'll see
immediately you get a huge change it
looks very very bumpy now and that might
be okay but it's probably a little bit
too much this is a very exaggerated
bumpiness you know it's okay because
maybe this is what you want but if
you're doing something more subtle like
a brick texture or just the bumpiness on
each individual individual brick or
you're making something like a wood
texture or wood grain it you wouldn't
want this to be that bumpy how you can
scale this down and you guessed it is
going to be using nodes so I just sort
of been moving these around a little bit
yes you can sort of get a complicated
and very kind of overlapping nodes and
node noodles but between the image
texture output the color of the image
and the displacement we want to adjust
it in this path here so I'm going to be
adding a new node and then node I'm
going to be adding so I'm going to add
is in the color section and it's called
mix RGB if you're familiar with blending
layers in either GIMP or Photoshop how
you can blend two layers together using
things like mix or add or darken or
multiply it's the same sort of idea here
so I'm going to take this mixture and
drag it into that noodle so it connects
on the input and output of the mix
shader
you'll notice an immediate difference or
you might let's go ahead and actually
disconnect this again so you'll see if
it changes the way you can disconnect a
nose so that it connects the way it used
to be is if you have a note selected and
you go down to the node menu you can
select let me find the right one
detach links there is no keyboard
shortcut but detached links will make it
the way that it was it'll see what the
inputs and outputs are and just sort of
connect the old ones again so this is
what looked like before I'm going to
drag this over there and we're going to
see if it changed at all
it changed a little bit but whatever I
do now is use this node to adjust the up
and down the amount of bump what I have
to do now is change mix to multiply
that's one of the many different sorts
of modes like Dodge overlay and lighten
and darken multiply is technically the
best way of doing it and not very good
at explaining why that is ones like it
maybe talking more in photoshop in this
video series or maybe a Photoshop video
series I'll cover that in more detail
but now I can change the factor here so
I'm actually I think I need to actually
drag this connector down to color to and
now I can change the factor the
bumpiness I believe that factor of zero
will be no bump at all that looks very
very flat to me and a factor of one will
be really really bumpy so maybe I'll go
somewhere in between just to get a
little bit of bumpiness because if you
get up close you'll want to see some
bumpiness there but not too much and
this totally depends on the amount that
you need and you can type in a value
maybe I'll just go to 0.7 for bumpiness
so that's how you add bump maps you have
to use the displacement and you can
either use the image that you already
have or you could even bring a new image
texture if the bumpiness doesn't match
up with the image that's already on the
the diffuse texture of the
of the mesh now we could leave it at
this but one thing I notice is that the
shininess of the surface is still going
into these cracks so if I just look at
the image texture so I'm going to
actually turn off my displacement for a
second I'm just going to hold ctrl and
slice through with my left mouse button
that noodle these grooves no matter if
they're bumped or not they're still
going to have glossiness in this sort of
cracked or the dark area the grout area
or the mud area of these cracks I don't
want that part to be glossy I want to be
quite met so if I connect these two
again to give our bump back to the
texture you can see that there is
glossiness in there it's not totally
black it's getting shininess or
glossiness from that glossy texture what
I want to do is define this roughness by
I'm going to kind of juggle my nodes
around a little bit just to make it a
little bit easier on myself I wanted to
find the roughness of the glossiness the
roughness is again how glossy or dull it
is by the map that we already have now
you can see we turned up the glossiness
and it got quite shiny looking that's
okay but you can still see shininess in
these cracks I don't want that so I'm
going to drag the color of the image
texture and I need to find the roughness
using that color of the image texture so
now what you can see is you're seeing a
lot of glossiness here and I'll make
this fullscreen again in a moment so
that you can kind of tell what's going
on in fact I'll make it as big as I can
on a screen right now inside of these
grooves is no longer shiny but the
surface of all the the upper parts are
shiny now perhaps this is too shiny for
me and so what I could do is I can
adjust the mix shader' right here so
that it's not quite so shiny and I want
to turn this down
though that goes the other way that goes
lot shinier right there I will turn it
up to make it less shiny there we go if
I want to adjust in even more control
how what areas are shiny and and dull or
I wanted to adjust you know how glossy
this is in other words the roughness
level what I can do is I can add another
one of these multiply notes in fact I'm
just going to duplicate this note so all
with this note selected I'll press shift
D duplicate it and I drag it into the
noodle between the image texture output
and the roughness again roughness is how
like a mirror or to sort of a dull
reflectiveness the texture is so I'm
going to drag that multiply in there and
I'll kind of adjust my nodes around so
you can better see what's going on there
we go and now I can adjust the factor
and what this will do is let me adjust
even more
as you can see node setups can get quite
complicated this isn't even nearly as
complicated some of the ones that I've
seen but I hope that you are able to
sort of follow along with this go ahead
and try this for yourself what I'll do
in a minute is make this full screen but
I encourage you to try adding new things
the basic rule here is that the colored
things go together the only exception is
in other words the inputs and outputs
blue to blue green to green the only
exception is the yellow which is a color
image or a colored material and a
a gray input or output can be
interchanged because one is just
expecting a black-and-white image
together a color image that's going to
be it for this video I'll leave this
note set up on the screen as is thanks
for watching and I'll see you next time