Blender 2.7 Tutorial #42 : Face Rigging (Part 2/3 : Shape Keys and Drivers) #b3d Video Lecture | Learn and Master: Blender (English) - Professional Skills

hello and welcome to power 42 be sure to
use thunder 2.7 in this video we're
gonna continue on working on our facial
rig for a minecraft character now if you
have not seen the last video part 41 of
this video series you can go ahead and
check that out in that video we created
the facial features and facial bones for
a minecraft character the last video we
created eyelids which you can't see
right now eyebrows and a character's
mouth including teeth and a tongue as
well as all the bones we're gonna need
to be able to manipulate all of these
parts of the face so in this video we're
going to continue on and make shape keys
and start with the upper face the
eyebrows and the eyelids will make those
work in their entirety in this video
just a note if you don't go ahead and
download this exactly what I'm starting
with in this video you'll download that
in the description below one more little
note here in the last video I updated
the texture map the texture of the
character because we added new features
we added eyebrows eyelids on the inside
of the mouth and I used blenders
built-in painting to update our current
texture
I saved the file I close blender I
opened it up again and blender did not
find that new version of the file
because it already had a version of this
character texture inside the blender
file so did not see the updated version
so that's why I have the node editor up
all I had to do is click this X this is
the texture I'll make that bigger on the
screen right now and so my UV map was
called UV - layout - March 1st dot PNG I
click the X I clicked open and I found
my new version the file which included
the inside of the mouth colors and the
eyebrow area and the eyelid area or at
least the new colors for the inside of
the mouth so we've got ahead and save
that and I've packed it into the blender
file so when you download this file
you'll get those in there as well
alright let's go ahead and get started
the first thing we need to do is just
double check that we have everything
that we need
if I press Z to go into wireframe mode
you'll see that behind the surface of my
cube I have and I'm gonna go and press
tab to go into edit mode of my mesh so
that we have two sets of handlers
they're just blocks hiding behind the
surface of the forehead so they'll slide
down when we need them just light down
we also have
Brow's and we have the inside of the
mouth including the tongue and two sets
of teeth as well as the inside of the
mouth the cavity walls that's all we
need so what I can do now is flip over
to my object data tab that's with the
character mesh selected I'll go over to
this little triangle tab the object does
have and as you can see this is the area
where we have our vertex groups which
are assigned to all of the bones in our
character this is not the section we're
gonna be working on right now what we
need to do now is create shape keys and
what shape keys are the basically
different versions of the same mesh that
we can set up using drivers to be
controlled by bones let's go ahead and
flip back over to material view and I'm
gonna press tab to go into edit mode and
we'll be doing here is we're actually
gonna be modeling the changes we need
for each different thing we want to
happen in terms of the characters face
the first thing we have to do though is
create a shape key it's gonna be the
basis of how our character looks which
is how it looks right now I'm gonna
press this little plus button although I
have to be back in object mode to do
that so I'll press + and as you can see
it names the first shape key basis we're
not gonna change that it's very
important that you have a basis that is
the way that the character should look
from the start without any change
location of any bones we're gonna go
ahead and make another shape key so I'll
press the plus button and the first one
we're gonna make is the character's
eyebrows moved up so I'm gonna double
click on the word key one there I'm
gonna name this brow dot up so what are
we gonna do here well I'm gonna press
tab now to go into edit mode with brow
up selected in my shape keys area of the
object data tab and we're gonna change
the way that the mesh actually looks so
I don't go to my front view and I'll
zoom in on my character mesh in face
select mode I'm gonna press aide and a
just to select or deselect everything
and I'll press L and L to grab both
separate objects for the eyebrows and
I'm gonna drag them straight up now when
a character moves their eyebrows up he
might search on arch a little bit so
what I'm actually gonna do here is I'm
gonna grab each middle section
turn on proportional editing and kind of
make them both a little bit curved so to
do that I'm going to press a to select
both I'll hold ctrl + alt on my keyboard
and I'm going to right click on that
edge right there
to grab the entire edge ring and I'll
hold ctrl + Alt + Shift and do the same
thing on the other side now if I drag
those up right now they're just gonna
drag that one section so I'm gonna turn
on proportional editing which is right
down here it's a little button at the
bottom and we want to turn on connect it
proportional heading you can also hit
the O key on your keyboard the O key
will turn it on but again we want
connected only we don't want to drag any
of the faces on the actual head just the
eyebrows so I'm gonna press the G and
then Z on my keyboard now the circle
that I'm schooling with right now my
mouse is way too big like that so I'm
gonna move it I'll scroll down to make
it smaller and as you can see I can kind
of decide how much of a fall-off I want
for a proportional editing so I think
I'll go to write about mmm
there now I'm gonna turn off
proportional editing and I'm gonna
select each eyebrow to rotate it out
just very slightly so I'm gonna type r
and then negative 5 on that one just
working it out negative 5 degrees that
way a and L are 5 and check I rotate
that one oh so now if I press tab to go
back into object mode I see the way that
my object looks at its basis but in the
shape keys area we can also turn up the
value every shape key has a value of 0
to 1 and so if you turn this up you'll
see the full effect of how that shakey
looks and as you can see it's sort of
morphing from the basis when everything
else in all our the few keys are turned
off when we turn up the value we're
morphing different shape Keys together
nothing in any other part of the mesh is
changing shape keys are smart enough
that it just sort of knows to manipulate
only this section of the mesh only the
vertices that we move to make this
version this brow up shape key I'll turn
that back down and we're gonna make the
next shape key so I'll press the plus
button and we'll name it I'm gonna call
this brow dot down
okay with Brad account selected I'm
going to press tab to go into edit mode
really the exact opposite I'm gonna
select both so I'll press a and then L
and then L in face lick mode and I'll
drag them both a little bit straight
down I'm gonna select just one at a time
hello and then I'm gonna type bar and
I'm gonna take negative five mmm that's
a little bit much are negative 2 and
then a L are too okay so that saves
brows down I could do a little bit of
morphing here I'm not sure if I want to
necessarily maybe just a little tiny bit
I'll turn it on my connected personal
editing and they'll just press G and
then Z and maybe just a little bit so
it's not perfectly rectangular anymore
okay great so now if I go back into
object mode and try out the value of
brow down you can see what it looks like
the next one's I want to make her a
little bit interesting you might have
noticed at the beginning of the last
video part 41 that when I move the eye
targets and I move the eyes side-to-side
that the eyebrows also move to kind of
make it look like you know when you look
from side to side your eyebrows also a
little bit as well well we're gonna make
to shape keys for that so I'm gonna
select my mesh again and in the object
data tab I'm gonna make a new shape key
and I'm going to call this one brows or
just brow dot left and I'll make that
with a capital L and then we'll press
tab to go into edit mode I'm gonna
select both eyebrows and we'll drag them
over and the character is left side is
this side over here so I can try it a
little bit that way and when you look to
the left or the right your eyebrow on
this side released a cartoon characters
eyebrow might actually go up a little
bit on that side I'll turn off my
proportional editing there and it might
just sort of tailed a little bit and
I'll leave that one alone so let's take
a look we're about a little bit more
than halfway through this block on this
side I have to take a look so I can do
the exact same thing on the other side
and this one is just past the halfway
mark great I'll press tab to go back
into object mode and I'll make another
shape key Brown are
now I just got a pause here because if
my mesh is symmetrical I could actually
duplicate this one and I could mirror it
but unfortunately my mesh is not
symmetrical if you had made a whole
character and you would use the
symmetrize tool or the mirror modifier
and you knew that your mesh was
symmetrical you could turn the value up
on let's say the left brow and then you
could use this little button and this
little button doesn't look like much but
actually there's a lot in here you can
mirror a shape key again assuming that
your mesh is totally symmetrical mine is
not and that you could also say create
new from mix so you could turn this
value up and then you say create new
from mix what it would do is it would
create a duplicate of this one it's
otherwise impossible without this little
button and that option to create a
duplicate shape key but that's the
option where you would and then you turn
this back down and go into the new one
and then you could select mirror shaky
we don't have that luxury unfortunately
I didn't plan that out as well as I
should have
let's go ahead and brow are in fact i
dint take a look at brow L so right
about there and a little bit past the
halfway mark okay so let's go into
Brianna our I'll press a and L and L and
select both eyebrows and I'm going to
move this one past the halfway mark a
little bit and then move this one up and
rotate it now I'm not exactly figure
that's quite right so I'm just gonna
double check I'm gonna move that one
okay and I'm gonna try selecting and
doing that one so it looks pretty good
to me this eyebrow goes a little bit
above the bottom of her where that one
is so I'm gonna double check ok this
eyebrows a little bit lower than I would
like so I'm gonna go back into edit mode
with the brow that are selected and
we'll just move it up just looked at
okay looks good to me
so now we have four new shape keys and
we're going to control them using bones
in fact I'll go ahead and get rid of
this node editor window we don't need it
anymore because now we have to open up
the graph
editor window which is the window that
we haven't used before but it's also the
window where you can set up drivers so
I'm gonna split this one he went to I'll
drag this little crosshatch area to the
left to make a second window and I'm
gonna go down to the change window types
but in' on the header and we'll select
graph editor now by default the graph
editor is a great tool for looking at
the curves in other words the change of
different properties usually have to do
with animation but in this case we're
gonna change the window type from f
curve to drivers and I'm not really sure
why exactly they put these two things in
the same window I'm not an expert in
using drivers although I do know how to
set up these basic shape keys to be
controlled by bones so I'll change this
mode to drivers and I'm gonna press the
M key to bring up my properties panel
it's actually not the main part of this
window that we are gonna be using we're
just gonna be using the two side panel
so I'll make this window a little bit
narrower we don't need to see the middle
part only the two side panels okay so
what are we doing here well we want to
assign a bone to change the value of the
shape key and then whereas if I select
brown on up and I change the value from
zero all the way up to one we want a
bone be able to do that in fact we want
this bone to do that so how do we do
that well I'm gonna go ahead and turn
brown up all the way back down to zero
and we need to put our mouse over the
value here in other words over a zero
point zero zero and I'm gonna right
click on it I'm gonna say add driver you
can't click over here on the name of the
shape key that won't work it has to be
on the zero point zero okay add driver
when you do that it becomes purple that
means that a driver is now connected to
it and over here in our new graph editor
window you can see that we have a new
driver here now only says key so I'm
gonna expand that out and what we have
here is a driver it doesn't really say
it but it is so how do we use this well
over here in the properties panel which
is the N key I'll bring that back
make a little wire so we can see it
again this is where we set up the driver
and how what boat we want to affect this
value is gonna work so there's a few
steps in here that you sorta have to
just memorize and not really fully
understand I'm gonna scroll down to the
section called drivers this is the only
important section the first thing I do
number one I have to change the type of
driver from and I'll make this window a
little bit wider so we can see it the
first thing it to do number one has
changed the driver type from a scripted
expression to average value that's the
first thing you need to do the second
thing you need to do is select what you
would like to manipulate this value in
other words we have to select the bone
we want so i'm gonna click an object
bone and i'm gonna select the armature
and now we justify an exact bone so
we're gonna type in face - and for this
we're gonna be using the brow bone and i
think its called face - brow so i'm
gonna select that one now sometimes in
here it didn't happen for me this time
you might have to click this little
update dependencies button if you get an
air and hopefully we see that in this
with the next video it's happened every
other time except for right now for me
so I'm gonna click update dependencies
great so what's next well the third step
is to click Add modifier because right
now yes we have the right bone
controlling this value and you'll see it
moved a little bit that's just little
blood blunder but we have to say how
much we want to be able to move this
bone actually it's this one right here
to be able to affect this because if you
want to move it just a little bit to
affect the entire value to make eyebrows
go all the way up or we want to move it
have to move this bone a lot to make the
eyebrows go up well that's all we need
to add a modifier so the third step is
click at modifier and select generator
once we do that it's this value right
here this 1.000 X that's called the
coefficient for polynomial now I'm not
an expert in math but all I know is that
that's what you have to change and what
I usually do is I change this to five in
the direction that I want to
let's quickly take a look at this bone
that we want to control the eyebrows we
have our local gizmo turned on and
that's a good thing and the direction
that we're gonna move it to make the
eyebrows go up is its y-axis on its
local set of axes so if I move that up
on the y-axis we want the shape key
value up to one from zero so I'm gonna
go ahead and select the mesh again and
we'll go back down to the driver we want
the y-axis so I gonna change the type
from X location to Y location because
it's the local axis and we want to use
local space okay so we've got ahead and
change the driver type from a scripted
expression to average value we've
specified the bone that we want to
control this driver value we've changed
the type to the direction of the bone
that we want to move in this case we're
removing this bone positively that means
in the direction of the arrow on the
wide local axis so I go ahead and select
Y location and local space next we can
specify a value and what I usually do is
type in five and that tends to give me
something that I can run at least work
with if you're moving on the negative Y
value that means down we would give a
negative value right here in other words
negative five so I think everything
should be working here if I select that
bone and drag it up you can see that it
works at controlling the value of the
shape key with this bone now I don't
know ahead and select that so you can
take a look at these settings again we
change the type of driver from scripted
expression to average value we specified
a bone to control the driver width we
specify the direction of the bone that
we want to move it in and we specify the
local space and we created a generator
modifier and this is the value that we
can now change let's go ahead and go
back to our front view so I'll press one
on my keyboard and I'm gonna grab that
same bone and I'll press Alt key to move
it back what I want to do here is make
this bone move at the same speed
as our shape key so if I move this up
right now and I take a look at how far
away the bottom of the bone is from the
bottom of the eyebrow
ideally what I want is for the bones
move at the exact same speed so if I
move this up you can see that well the
distance here is getting larger in other
words the shape key is transforming
faster than the bone is moving let's go
ahead and make this maxed out so we
reach the very 1 value of our shape key
and as you can see that gap is a whole
lot more so the shape key is moving too
fast so what I'll do is I'll press alt G
to clear out that location and I'll
select the mesh again and I'm gonna play
with this value here 5 is too fast so
I'll turn that down to 4 and I'll see
what happens I'll press G and I'll press
Y and Y Y twice
whoo it's straight up on the local axes
and let me see how that's working I'll
drag it straight up
and it still would mean a little bit
fast so alt G select the mesh I'll turn
that down to it let's say three and I'll
try again this is one of the guess and
check process you know what that isn't
perfect but it's okay for now
let's move on the next thing I want to
do is make the eye control or bone
control those left and right shape keys
on our mesh so again I'm gonna select my
mesh and I'll go over here to Brownell
and router art and I'll go and do
Brownell first so I'll right-click on
its value and I'll say add driver and
again we get another driver over here so
I'll select that one let's go through
these steps one more time I'll select
the driver type and change it to an
average value I'm gonna select the bone
we want to control that object in this
case it's in the armature it is the eye
target so I'll select that I'm gonna
select on the eye target let's look at
its local space or the direction that
we're going for is the X positive value
this direction up for this this red
arrow is going so I'll select the mesh
again it's the X location on the local
space let's go ahead on how we have an
air here I'll click on update
dependencies and now I can add that
modifier again we're adding a generator
modifier and I give it again change it
to 5 that's generally the number I go
for right away so let's go ahead and try
that down I'll grab that bone move it to
the right uh-huh
it's working pretty well now we're gonna
just that 5 number two something else so
I'll grab the AI target and I'll move it
over now what I'm looking for here is
I'm gonna find somewhere to
to see if this is staying the same so
this little versi right here on the eye
target if I take a look at how far it
moves away from the eyebrow I think it's
moving a little bit slow or the shape is
moving a little bit slow for the target
so I'll press alt G select the mesh I'm
gonna say six so we'll try that again
I'll grab the target I'll move it to the
right and maybe just maybe six point
five or seven okay that's looking pretty
good to me let's go do the same thing
for the left eyebrow so what I got
actually do here is copy the driver from
brow L brow are how do I do that is I
right-click on this value right here I'm
gonna say copy driver I'm gonna click on
this value in fact I'll select brow are
right click and paste driver now it's
not going to be exactly right it's gonna
be using the wrong directions so I'm
gonna select browse are over here and we
have to change the X location local
space is right the bone is there gonna
be the same but it's gonna be negative
seven instead of seven let's go ahead
and test that out I'll select the eye
target with side to side and our
eyebrows are working let's go back to
our mesh Broud up down let's go and add
driver for that I'll right-click add
driver which would be getting useless by
this point brow dot down I'm going to
change the type to average value we're
gonna change what Boeing want we're
gonna use the same brow bone so face dot
it's the armature I have to select first
I'm going to select face dot browse our
face - brows we're gonna be using the
bones Y location is local wide location
so Y location of its local space we're
gonna click this update dependencies
button and that solves that air we're
going to add the modifier generator and
we're gonna change this value to
negative five because we're gonna get
down negatively on that y-axis let's go
ahead and grab that bone move it down
and by the way if you don't get it to
move
'we just double-check that you're
following these procedures and i've gone
through a few times and make sure that
you've got everything right and that
you've updated that dependency if you
have an error let's go ahead and grab
that bomb I'm gonna move this down
I think the transform is having a little
bit slowly compared to my book so I'm
gonna select the mesh again and I'm
gonna say negative six we'll try that
again and that's still happening quite
slowly I'm gonna try a higher number and
be negative nine and that's looking
pretty good to me so I hope you're
getting the process of this next we're
gonna make shape keys I believe for the
eyelids so these eyelids each have
separate bones which means I'm not gonna
work together yes I could make a bolt
with them both down at the same time but
in this case I'm not so I'm gonna make
each individual shape key separately
let's go and select the mesh I'm gonna
press the plus button to make a new
shape key I'll double click on it to
name it I'm gonna call it eyelid and
I'll use camel case eyelid dot L and in
fact I'll make an eyelid dot R and I'll
select I'll go into edit mode and we're
gonna select that's mesh so what I'm
gonna do here actually is select the
front of the face with the L key and in
fact if you get the whole head that's ok
too
I'm gonna press H to hide it because
again we don't need to see it and in my
case it actually leaves the border of
the eyes as well because we have mark
seams there that's great I'm gonna go
ahead and select the eyebrow we are in
the edit mode of this shape key so I'll
select the the eyelid there and we'll
move it down okay in this case you know
if you want to make it curve as it's
going down you can do that I'm not going
to bother for this video it looks pretty
good to me we'll go to the front view
just to make sure it's it only goes down
to where it should
that looks great I'll press tab to go
back into object mode to select out of
the develop our do the same thing over
here a L and move this one straight down
great let's go ahead and select our mesh
and we're gonna add drivers now again we
can copy the driver from the left to the
right so we'll only setup the left
bottom first I'm gonna right click on
that value I'll select the shaky first
driver select the driver we have to
change this to average value we're gonna
select a target phone so it's in the
armature it's gonna be called eyelid or
face - eyelid dot L it's gonna be on
that bones negative Y local axis so I'm
gonna say Y location local space we have
to update dependencies I'll click Add
modifier generator and negative 5 in
this slot right there let's go and test
it out
aha we've got a controller now again
it's going way too fast as you can see
I'm not moving this all the way down so
I will change that value I think it's
gonna be less than that so negative -
that's looking better but let's go and
make that faster negative 2.5 and it's
happening just a little bit fast so
again I'm gonna be picky here negative
2.25 sure a little bit slow so negative
two point three five
perfect all right we have that one set
up I'm gonna go ahead and select the
mesh again I'll go to either the top L
my shape key right-click copy driver
click on this one right click paste
driver now the difference here is that
we're using a different bone so I'm
gonna select the new driver that just
appeared on my screen now and we're
gonna select a different bones so it's
the armature but its face - I let it dot
R I'll just type that in and it's on the
Y location it's the same local space
it's the same negative two point three
five so we'll go ahead and try that out
I'll grab G and y Y to make it move on
the local axis and that's working
perfectly now as you notice I have all
of my axes here I have all the axes that
I can move that so I can move it forward
but there's no reason to do that and
that's actually a bad thing so I'm gonna
go ahead and press the N key on my
keyboard to bring up my transform panel
and I'll lock the axes for all of the
bones that I don't need to move in
also what I'm gonna do is to stop the
bones from going way off into outer
space I'm going to select each one of
the bones in a time-lapse and add a new
constraint a limit location constraint
to each one of them so they don't go too
far all right the last thing I'm gonna
do that's video is add the shape key
than the drivers for this final bone to
make the character look either angry or
worried I'm gonna do that and fast for
it because I think you've seen enough of
me adding shape keys and drivers
alright so the upper half of our facial
rig is almost complete the only thing
that's left to do is to add bone shapes
which I'll do between this video in the
next video so let's go ahead and check
out what they do I'm gonna go ahead and
grab both eyelid bones and drag them
straight down
I've got limits on them so they both
only move down as far as I need to go
I'll press alt G I'll grab this one I
can move it up or move it down and as
you can see I can combine different
shape keys that might have been on your
mind can you combine shape keys yes they
do blend together and move the eyebrows
all the way up I can still move this one
up and make him worried or make him
angry with his eyebrows up likewise I
can also close both eyelids partway to
give him the exact look that I want him
to have that'll even this video thanks
for watching and I'll see you next time