Godot Tutorial -- Introduction to 3D Development Video Lecture | Godot Game: Learn and Master - Game Development

hello this is Mike and welcome back to
another in the ongoing Godot tutorial
series today we're going to be taking a
look at 3d so we're finally gonna move
on to the world of 3d development using
the Godot engine as always with all of
these tutorials I'm going to assume that
you've gone through all the previous
ones or at least understand what we're
covered in them so there will be no
backtracking so I will assume anything
that I talked about in the past you
already understand so if I do go over
something you don't get probably check
the previous tutorials and no doubt the
answer will be there if it's still not
that means I screwed something up let me
know and I will address it somehow at
least very least in the comments there's
a text version to go along with this
particular tutorial if you link to below
it covers pretty much the same
information on that topic what we're
going to cover today is pretty much the
basics of 3d we're gonna create our
first 3d scene very simple very
straightforward and then in the next
tutorial we'll be looking at bringing in
3d models animation and all that jazz
but there's enough to cover on 3d to
make its own tutorial now if I sound a
little weird to you sadly I'm suffering
a bit of a head cold so I may have to
pause a couple times while I go into a
hacking fit but I'll try to make it
through this thing regardless let's jump
back into a Godot here you see I'm
starting up a new project and let's just
fire that off open it up and let's fire
up Godot now if you've been working in
Godot on the 2d series up till now
you've been every time you've loaded up
Godot you've been thrown into the 3d
section and then had to switch to 2d as
you see right up here
our default view right here is a 3d view
like don't is a full 2d and 3d image
engine it has the ability to mix and
match between the both we cover that as
an advanced topic a little bit down the
road but now we're looking at the 3d
side of things and it's very very very
similar to the 2d side of things but
there are some very key differences more
so than just having one extra dimension
but for the most part that is actually
the biggest difference same sort of
scene layout you had when you worked
with 2d so I'm gonna start that straight
away what I'm gonna do here is just
create a node that's my parent class and
I'll set up the rest of the stuff so
that I don't have to do this later on
we've done this in every single tutorial
so far so loops
you think I wouldn't screw it up but I
did I forgot to say first this should
all be familiar to you at this point so
save our scene set it as the startup
scene so and done okay so the big
difference is obviously we're gonna work
in this 3d panel as opposed to this 2d
panel and your 3d panel has some
differences the first off is this guy in
the top corner says top perspective
we'll get back to that in a second
here's our scene node and the biggest
thing is well we are working in 2d 2d
nodes were all inherited from canvas
item 3d nodes all inherit from spatial
so this guy right here is the base class
of all of your various 3d nodes and
you'll see there's a lot of overlap
classes that exist in 2d also have a 3d
version and vice-versa a lot of times
the 2d version will have to Depot sticks
at the end so you've got camera and
camera 2d now it's very important to
realize these cannot be easily
intermingled so if you've got a 3d world
you need a 3d camera 2d world you need a
2d camera etc so spatial is our base
class for all of your various 3d
entities and you'll notice here you've
got the visual ones here collision ones
right here you have your camera classes
joints and then some specialist stuff we
probably touch on some of these very far
down the road but right now we're
focusing mostly on these visual
instances and then eventually on this
camera so visual instance is basically
something that is in 3d that will be
displayed now one of the downsides of
the Godot engine there's there not a lot
of primitives built in a lot of game
engines you basically can easily drop in
a quad cube sphere tourists teapot etc
in Godot right now there's a there's a
known issue open issue so it might come
in the future but right now all you can
do and start with is a test cube now as
I said we're gonna cover importing and
using 3d models in the next tutorial so
what we need is just some geometry to
show and that's what a test cube is very
handy for so let's go ahead and create
one and then boom there it is that's the
text cube it's basically a color pattern
texture 3d cube that you can start and
play with it's created about the origin
in your scene by default and now we're
gonna stop and talk for a moment about
the actual 3d scene the 3d navigation
what's going on here as you see right
here there's these lines right here both
in leather and green right now which is
a little confusing but those are your
access indicators once we get off of
this view now I said earlier right here
this top left corner here shows this is
not in the 2d and this is your
perspective bad choice of words
it's perspective is used twice this is
your eye in the 3d world so in this case
we're viewed from the top it can also
search from the bottom left right front
and back and as you saw there's a
corresponding number to go with each one
and you're seeing some of the default
lighting in the scenes but that's just
the scene adding that for you can
actually turn that off using view turn
off default light okay so we'll turn
that back on for now and that's just a
faked lighting in the scene so you can
sort of see how things are without
having any lights placed we'll cover off
lights in a few minutes there are some
things you can set for your geography
down here for example you can turn it so
it's visible or not visible you can
modify the material attached to it does
it receive or cast shadows ill boarding
which is kind of an advanced topic we'll
touch on that later on baked lighting
etc again a lot of those are sort of
advanced topics things I'll talk about
later
and beyond what we want to deal with
here all right you got to be annoying
alright so that's a basic 3d view and
you can switch between them as I set up
in the top left corner however what
you're going to want to do a lot of
times it's deal with more than one view
at a time and then your View menu you
can actually set it up so you could have
multiple views so let me here press here
for four viewports or you can hit
control + 4 and now you'll see it's
split now they're all using the same
perspective and obviously you're gonna
want to change I got to stop using the
word perspective that's confusing
they're all using the same camera angle
and you can change that on each one so
example we could have this one at the
bottom this one at the right
and this one at
the front for example so you have your
your multiple different views now in a
particular view and I'll go back to full
screen for this
so again view and then one viewport you
can also using your middle mouse button
if you just hold it down so I've got the
middle mouse button held down right now
and if I move left or right up or down
the camera moves around so we're
basically moving our camera around the
origin here you can change the behavior
for this this is called orbit in the
settings so how it actually handles when
when rotating around the view can be
changed in the settings we'll look at
that in a second but next up you've got
your scroll wheel for aiming and out for
zooming finally if you hold down the
shift key and the middle mouse button
you can Pan the camera around or your
perspective around so it's not
technically a camera so you can have
this free-flowing view of the world that
you're dealing with now next up you've
got your modifiers and your modifiers
work a lot like in 2d but there is an
intiative additional axis attached and I
guess I should cover on that quickly
because there is one important thing to
know about Godot or any game engine
you're going to work with and that is
what the up axis is in other words what
axis of orientation determines what is
up and down in the world versus in and
out or left and right and in this case
the up and down the up axis is the y
axis this green axis right here is up
and down and that represents your y
coordinate your x axis right here is
your left and right so if I go back to
the front it's a little bit more telling
so see a left and right up and down and
then your virtual is if you could reach
your hand into or out of the screen that
is your z axis now different different
3d modeling tools use different axis of
orientation blender is I believe yes
blender is a Y up axis whereas 3d
Studios max due to its architectural
background is actually a Zed up so why
is into the screen and out of the screen
I find Y up more intuitive personally
but there seems to be about a 50/50
split between game engines and game
tools which one they pick now nicely you
can you can
rotate between the you can just rotate
by 90 degrees across one axis and have a
Y up become a set up so it's not a huge
deal but as well things to be aware of
so when you bring your models or your
assets in from another tool they could
essentially be rotated and off the axis
that you particularly thought they were
plus obviously it's gonna affect your
game logic your code you can only want
to know you know in and out versus up
and down our so when dealing with good
dough up is why and again why is green
red as X blue is that and that's pretty
standard across all of that that color
scheme is I know blender in Maya both
follow that particular color scheme so
at least that's consistent across to all
the tools okay so that's a little bit on
the orientation now we're gonna talk
about their translation tool so you've
got aren't sorry their translation tools
so we've got the move tool the rotate
tool and the scale tool now when you're
dealing with 3d objects it's a little
bit different so let's have our cube
selected here and you'll see we have
this widget now this widget allows you
to orientate along the three different
axis again the same color coats red X Y
is green and Z is blue so you can pick
on an individual axis and then modify on
that one only so here is up and down
left right and and out or you can pick
somewhere in the middle and transform
freely same was cross all of the widgets
so you rotate shows one color for each
particular axis so your red is I'm
rotating around this axis here by doing
so or around the z-axis by using blue or
the y-axis by using green this will
technically be yaw pitch and roll but we
won't get into any of that so those are
your three different rotation colors
each one corresponds with the
corresponding axis so it's very
consistent and then scaling works
exactly the same way if it works at all
all right where's my scaling widget all
right
there's no widget hmm interesting
so that is the basics of what you need
to know here it could be that that cube
doesn't allow non-uniform translations
so there wasn't a scaling widget there
I'm not I'm not sure what just happen to
be honest but those are your three
primary moves just like you don't read
in 2d but obviously there is a third
coordinate so this widget is very
important now I said earlier there are
some settings you can figure on this and
let's get into that right now so I come
up here to the top right there settings
here and go on to editor settings and
you come down here to 3d editor and
there's a couple of key things you can
set here you can you can change the way
that it zoom in orbit work or you can
change the shift key for pan or orbiting
or zooming Y sorry I actually only
showed you using the scroll wheel but if
you hold down the control button and
middle mouse button combination will
also zoom so but you can also change the
size of that you name the manipulator or
you can also change the opacity of it so
how how how strongly it will show so
there's a number of settings you can
change here also if you come from a
different program you can actually set
it to use the navigation scheme from
Maya or modo so if either of those tools
is what you're used to
you can configure it to change right
there obviously it's gonna change any of
the hotkeys that are listed or something
like previous tutorials but then if you
are from one of these backgrounds you
should know what the replacements are
and it should make sense to you so if
your preference is to use either of
those schemes you can change it under
this navigation scheme right here just
close that out okay so that's the basics
of the overview so right now we have a
world with a cube in it and if I go
ahead and I run this nothing happens
there's a couple caches here unlike in
the 2d world there's no default 3d
there's no default camera at work here
so to render your scene you need to have
a camera you need to have at least one
camera so now we'll go ahead and look at
adding that so just come in click a new
node and they're all called camera so
basically it's inherited from spatial
and it's called camera another so the
one down here called interpolated camera
name is slightly misleading it's more of
like if you if you're from a photogra
fie background the interpolated camera
is more like a swingarm it's for
controlling smooth and relative motions
and it's been what we're going to talk
here but ultimately what you want here
is a camera and note not camera 2d
they're not interchangeable so all you
have to do is add a camera to your scene
and you'll see right away it got
positioned around the origin just like
our cube here let's just go ahead and
move it across the z-axis so see you can
see it's changing along the z axis over
here that's perfect that's exactly what
we want to do so now that we have this
camera in the world you'll notice we
have this preview button showed up right
here let's go back to a split view
instead so two viewports so what we can
do now so we've had our normal viewport
here for modifying our scene that one we
just had our perspective viewport that
we can freely modify and move around in
that's really confusing or I can
obviously quickly snap back to any of
the defaults such as front so we can
move things here but what we'll do here
is set this into preview mode and
essentially what this do you now does is
shows what this camera is currently
seeing so let's move it up a bit and
you'll notice the cube comes better into
view so this is just us positioning the
camera in three-dimensional space like
so now there's a couple of key aspects
to be aware of when dealing with a
camera and they're all down here in your
in the inspector properties for the
camera itself now obviously it is a
spatial so inherits of the basic traits
which basically is a position and
visibility from the spatial class but on
top of that it's got a couple more that
are important first is your camera type
you have two types of cameras you have a
perspective camera and an orthogonal
camera what that really means is as
something gets further away in along the
z-axis so as it disappears into space
with a perspective camera it mimics the
way the eye works and that is it draws
that edge smaller whereas an o'the
agonal camera as it gets further away it
draws it the exact same size so let's
look at this edge for example this is
further away in the scene that this edge
at least virtually as we're seeing it so
if we switch over here to a perspective
camera it does nothing this it not up
oops
no okay it's not gonna keep the settings
as nicely as I wanted to but be
secondly that edge would become exactly
the same size it's easier to illustrate
in a package like blender so this would
actually be more rendered probably up to
about here so that's the effect of the
orthogonal versus the perspective now
the reality is a very way it's simple
way to think about this most of the time
95 times out of 100 if you're making a
3d game you want a perspective camera
period if you are making a 2-d game 95
times out of a hundred you want an
orthogonal camera so because well a lot
of times in a 2-d game even if you're
working in 3d you're dealing with quads
that are all you know they don't get
smaller as they get further back they're
just layered on top of each other so you
don't want the illusion of depth being
created whereas in 3d you do so you pick
a perspective camera so those are two
camera types most you will stay totally
with the perspective now next up is the
field of view Y and you can think of
this as the number of degrees from your
nose that you can view
so saying field of view of 90 as this
setting says means you can see 45
degrees to the left of you and 45
degrees to the right of you
so as an extreme example if you're
standing there right now and you put
your arms out to your side so they're
straight out so 180 degrees from hand to
hand you can just or most part from your
peripheral vision see both hands this is
a 180 degree field of view and the
reality is most humans have 170 to 180
degrees as the proper field of view but
the focus points let you know if you
take peripheral vision out of it it's
much narrower so this is the value
that's set and this is the the cone or
the the well it's called a viewing
frustum but that is what determines the
angle that you can the amount in front
of you the degrees of like a triangle
that is visible centered around your
nose and default values sort of depend
on what your target is if you're dealing
with a screen that's quite close to you
a value of 80 to 90 work 70 80 90 type
thing so that's your a lot of computer
games because you sit quite close to
your monitor will have a higher field of
view now if you've got it on your cat
however so most console games have more
like a 60 or a 70 as their field of view
now several games allow you to actually
modify this which is a very good thing
to present actually because myself for
example if a game has a wonky feel of
you especially for the third-person
over-the-shoulder camera it makes me
want to throw up
so if you want to give your user the
ability to set this field of view value
myself as a personal user I appreciate
that
anyways next up you've got near and far
frustum and this is actually just how
close and how far your camera will
record so at point zero one things that
are point zero one in front two like
basically right air will be recorded by
the camera that's where if the cameras
start seeing things and the far view
goes together to determine how far out
it will and basically all these things
are the field of view the aspect ratio
and the projection and the near and far
planes all go together and they make
this basically something called a
viewing frustum which you can think of
as 3d triangle or 3d I don't remember
the name of the word but like a pyramid
type view of what is visible by your
camera so those things all go together
to make that and that's for the most
part the most important parts of these
settings my field of view obviously is
going to change based off the device and
the type of thing you are targeting but
as I mentioned earlier you probably want
to make it user configurable if you are
willing now if I'll show you I don't
know how immediately I'll update but the
switch that's down to a sixty and you'll
see with this preview the result see a
lot less visible within this viewing
frustum and this this yellow line here
actually represents the outer limit of
what the camera can actually see so the
field of view does have a profound
effect on how much is visible to a
particular camera but it's going to
ultimately be up to you to determine
what is right for your particular game
there's tons of topics on the you know
ideal camera the ideal aspect ratios etc
way beyond what we're gonna cover today
so just so you know that so anyways now
that we have a camera inner scene let's
go ahead and run it and okay so we're
kind of getting there but we're
bleak and dreary here and that's just
because we don't have a light yet very
simple again it's a inherited from
spatial just create a new node it's a
light now ignored I make lights exist
for now it's an optimization trick so
basically to take lights and turn them
into textures not gonna cover that for
right now
instead we're gonna focus on the use of
three now once again there are 2d
versions not interchangeable so those
are completely separate pretend anything
that inherits from canvas item for the
most part doesn't exist well working in
3d okay now there are some exceptions to
that but they are exactly that
exceptions so that leaves just three
different kinds of lights here there's
the direction of light and omni light
and a spotlight each one kind of serves
a different purpose the spotlight is
like a directional light a very focused
sized beam that has a set range now you
can think of a spotlight the most direct
examples well other than obviously a
spotlight are probably a like a handheld
torch or flashlight or the headlights on
a car they're a set beam that goes to a
set direction with a set amount of
visibility so they're kind of like a
cone of light and nothing more an omni
light on the other hand is while Omni is
the key word they're all directions
think of this like a lamp an omni light
still has range it still falls off so
it's not like as Omni as like I'm the
potent for example but it does go in
every single direction a direct example
of an omni light would be a lamp with no
shade so if you take a lamp and it's
just there a light bulb or even a roof
light with no shade so there's nothing
directing or shaping where that light
goes it's just a light that goes in all
direction until the strength of it falls
off
that is your omni light now finally you
have a directional light that's what
we're gonna use today because it's
probably the least easily explained but
it's a versatile very simple concept but
not only light is a light and a
direction and it's just so like with
with a spotlight it generates at a
specific point and radiates out whereas
a directional light is just from one
direction to the other 100% kaboom and
where you can the most direct parallel
you can think of to a directional light
is your Sun and this is basically a
light that kind of doesn't have a source
or because it's just so big and it
doesn't really have a focal point it
just has a direction and we'll go ahead
and create one right now so this is like
again like your son and I will add this
direction light to the scene and you'll
see it created this big arrow 3d
wireframe arrow now we're just gonna go
ahead and position it so first we'll
pull it back behind our camera and up a
bit like so and now I'm just gonna go
ahead and rotate that so it's pointing
down at our cube like so let's move it
back a little bit more so this is just
basically a big light and everything
comes from everything from this
direction goes and lights everything
from this direction it's a very intense
light now if you look down here under
your inspector you can also see there's
a couple of settings available for it a
lot of it we're gonna go way beyond
first off this is controlling how
shadows are generated or if they're
generated we can actually turn the
shadows on or off there's an expensive
thing so if you don't want shadows
generated behind the light so this light
causing a shadow to forming behind here
for example if you don't want that on it
creates a lot of processing requirements
there so do be aware of that but you can
control how shadows are generated here
again a little bit beyond what we're
gonna talk about but there's also the
light settings here and the light
settings can be done for you turn the
light on and off obviously and now at
this point this is all so now that you
have lights in your scene it's probably
worthwhile to turn off the default
lights so then now you're dealing with
just the actual physical lights in your
scene not the lights that are added for
the editor because those editor lights
will not show up when you run your game
so that's what that makes this default
lighting important or not important so
we're gonna turn that off so now you can
see just the effect of this big
directional light running and you can
change the color offset light you can
have the light come out of another
entity or see what else is important
here there your energy which is
basically a number representing the
strength
said light so if I go to very weak light
very strong light so those are the
primary values you will use in for the
lighting but now we have all of this in
we've essentially just created our first
3d game so you can see here you've got
your basis your node you've got just a
test cube thrown in eventually this will
be a model which we'll deal with again
next tutorial you had a camera so you
can capture everything and you have a
directional light now one thing I didn't
cover flip back to the camera for a
second you can actually have multiple
cameras in the scene and if you do make
sure you set current as on for one of
them and that will determine which
camera is actually used when the game is
run so if you want to switch between
cameras you can encode quite easily and
it the value that determines it is this
boolean for current so we have a cube a
camera and a directional light all slave
to our node and we'll just go ahead and
run this and there you go so
congratulations you just created your
first 3d application in Godot stay tuned
for the next portion and we were going
to again look at animation in 40 3d
models importing static models applying
texture to static models and animation
so between these two should get you a
good start and working with 3d and then
we will explore further concepts from
there I'll hope you enjoyed that once
again there was a text-based version of
this available on game from scratch calm
the entire series homepage is available
on game from scratch com2 do a small
plug in here if you do enjoy this type
of content there's also a patreon page
on game from scratch your support is
definitely appreciated however having
all of you watch these videos is also
appreciation enough so thank you very
much I'll see you very soon
Cheers bye