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NEET Biology | Molecular Basis of Inheritance | Class 12 | Vedantu Master Class | Dr. Vani Sood Video Lecture

FAQs on NEET Biology - Molecular Basis of Inheritance - Class 12 - Vedantu Master Class - Dr. Vani Sood Video Lecture

1. What is the molecular basis of inheritance?

Ans. The molecular basis of inheritance refers to the underlying mechanisms by which genetic information is passed on from one generation to the next. It involves the study of DNA, genes, and the processes of replication, transcription, and translation. These processes are responsible for the inheritance of traits and the transmission of genetic information.

2. What is the role of DNA in the molecular basis of inheritance?

Ans. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the molecule that carries the genetic instructions for the development, functioning, and reproduction of all living organisms. It plays a crucial role in the molecular basis of inheritance as it contains the genes that encode the information for the synthesis of proteins and other molecules necessary for cellular processes. DNA is replicated during cell division and passed on to offspring, ensuring the transmission of genetic information.

3. How does DNA replication contribute to the molecular basis of inheritance?

Ans. DNA replication is a fundamental process in the molecular basis of inheritance. During replication, the double-stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two complementary strands. Each strand serves as a template for the synthesis of a new strand, resulting in two identical copies of the original DNA molecule. This ensures that each daughter cell receives an exact copy of the genetic material during cell division, allowing for the transmission of genetic information from one generation to the next.

4. What is the significance of transcription and translation in the molecular basis of inheritance?

Ans. Transcription and translation are essential processes in the molecular basis of inheritance. Transcription is the process by which the genetic information encoded in DNA is copied into RNA molecules, specifically messenger RNA (mRNA). This mRNA is then transported out of the nucleus and serves as a template for protein synthesis during translation. Translation involves the conversion of the mRNA sequence into a specific amino acid sequence, resulting in the synthesis of proteins. Proteins play a crucial role in the structure, function, and regulation of cells and organisms, making transcription and translation vital for the inheritance of traits.

5. How do mutations affect the molecular basis of inheritance?

Ans. Mutations are alterations in the DNA sequence that can occur spontaneously or be induced by various factors such as radiation or chemicals. Mutations can have significant effects on the molecular basis of inheritance. They can lead to changes in the genetic information, resulting in variations in traits and the potential for the evolution of new characteristics. Some mutations can be harmful and cause genetic disorders, while others may be beneficial and contribute to adaptation and survival in different environments. Overall, mutations play a crucial role in shaping the diversity and inheritance of genetic traits.

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Oct 10, 2025 Last updated

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