Detailed Video: Functions Video Lecture | Mathematics (Maths) for JEE Main & Advanced

A function in programming is a reusable block of code that performs a specific task. It can accept inputs, called parameters, and can return a value as an output. By using functions, programmers can break down complex tasks into smaller, more manageable parts, making their code more organized and easier to maintain.

To define a function in programming, you need to specify its name, inputs (parameters), and what it should do. Here's an example of how to define a function in Python: ```python def greet(name): print("Hello, " + name + "!") greet("John") ``` In this example, we define a function called `greet` that accepts one parameter `name`. When the function is called with an argument, it prints a greeting message with the given name.

The purpose of using functions in programming is to promote code reusability, modularity, and readability. By breaking down a program into smaller functions, each responsible for a specific task, it becomes easier to understand and maintain the code. Functions can be reused in different parts of a program or even in other programs, saving time and effort. Additionally, functions allow for better organization and can make the code more readable and understandable.

Yes, a function can return multiple values in many programming languages. One common way to achieve this is by using tuples or lists to group the values together. Here's an example in Python: ```python def get_coordinates(): x = 10 y = 5 return x, y coordinates = get_coordinates() print(coordinates) ``` In this example, the `get_coordinates` function returns two values: `x` and `y`. By returning them as a pair, we can assign them to a variable `coordinates` and access each value separately.

A function declaration defines the function, specifying its name, parameters, and code block, but does not actually execute the function. On the other hand, a function call is when the function is invoked or executed, causing the code inside the function to be executed. For example, in Python, the function declaration could be: ```python def square(number): return number * number ``` To execute or call this function, we would use: ```python result = square(5) print(result) ``` In this case, the `square` function is declared with a parameter `number` and a return statement. The function is then called by passing the argument `5`, and the result is printed.