Grade 12 Exam > Grade 12 Videos > Biology for Grade 12 > Detailed Overview: Events in Sexual Reproduction
Detailed Overview: Events in Sexual Reproduction Video Lecture | Biology for Grade 12
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FAQs on Detailed Overview: Events in Sexual Reproduction Video Lecture - Biology for Grade 12
| 1. What are the events involved in sexual reproduction? |  |
Ans. Sexual reproduction involves several events, including gametogenesis, fertilization, and embryogenesis. Gametogenesis refers to the formation of specialized reproductive cells called gametes, which are the egg and sperm in animals. Fertilization occurs when the sperm penetrates the egg, resulting in the fusion of their genetic material. Embryogenesis is the process of development and growth of the fertilized egg into an embryo.
| 2. How does gametogenesis occur in animals? | |
Ans. Gametogenesis in animals involves the formation of gametes through a process called meiosis. Meiosis is a type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half. In males, spermatogenesis produces sperm cells through meiosis, while in females, oogenesis produces egg cells. During spermatogenesis, diploid cells called spermatogonia undergo meiosis, resulting in the formation of four haploid sperm cells. In oogenesis, a diploid cell called oogonium undergoes meiosis to produce one egg cell and three polar bodies, which eventually degenerate.
| 3. What is fertilization in sexual reproduction? | |
Ans. Fertilization is the process by which the sperm and egg fuse to form a zygote. It occurs when a sperm cell penetrates the protective layers surrounding the egg and enters its cytoplasm. Once inside, the sperm releases its genetic material, which combines with the genetic material of the egg. This fusion of genetic material from the sperm and egg creates a zygote, which is the first cell of the new individual.
| 4. How does embryogenesis occur after fertilization? | |
Ans. Embryogenesis is the process of development and growth of the fertilized egg into an embryo. After fertilization, the zygote undergoes a series of cell divisions called cleavage. These divisions result in the formation of a solid ball of cells called a morula. The morula then undergoes further division and rearrangement to form a hollow ball of cells called a blastula. The blastula undergoes gastrulation, where the cells migrate and differentiate to form the three primary germ layers: ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm. These germ layers give rise to different tissues and organs in the developing embryo.
| 5. How does sexual reproduction contribute to genetic diversity? | |
Ans. Sexual reproduction contributes to genetic diversity through a process called recombination or genetic shuffling. During meiosis, the homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material through a process called crossing over. This exchange of genetic material results in the formation of new combinations of genes on the chromosomes. Additionally, during fertilization, the fusion of genetic material from two different individuals further increases genetic diversity. This genetic diversity is crucial for the adaptation and evolution of species, as it allows for the generation of individuals with different traits and variations.
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