Evolution of Panchayati Raj Video Lecture | Indian Polity for UPSC CSE

Ans. Panchayati Raj is a system of local self-government in rural areas of India. It was established to ensure democratic decision-making at the grassroots level and empower local communities. It consists of elected representatives called Panchayat members who govern and manage the development activities in their respective areas.

Ans. The evolution of the Panchayati Raj system in India can be traced back to the recommendation of the Balwant Rai Mehta Committee in 1957. The committee recommended the establishment of a three-tier Panchayati Raj system, consisting of Gram Panchayats at the village level, Panchayat Samitis at the block level, and Zilla Parishads at the district level. Subsequently, various constitutional amendments were made to strengthen and enhance the powers of Panchayati Raj institutions.

Ans. The key features of the Panchayati Raj system include: 1. Decentralization: It decentralizes power and decision-making to the grassroots level, allowing local communities to participate in governance. 2. Democratic elections: Panchayat members are elected through regular elections, ensuring representation and accountability. 3. Three-tier structure: The system operates at three levels - village, block, and district, to cater to the specific needs of the local communities. 4. Financial powers: Panchayats have the authority to prepare and implement their budgets and utilize funds for local development. 5. Functionaries: Panchayati Raj institutions have various functionaries, including Sarpanch, Panchayat Secretary, and Panchayat Development Officer, who assist in the administration and implementation of development schemes.

Ans. Panchayati Raj plays a crucial role in rural development by: 1. Planning and implementing local development programs and schemes. 2. Mobilizing resources and utilizing funds for rural infrastructure development, education, healthcare, and poverty alleviation. 3. Ensuring grassroots participation and representation in decision-making processes. 4. Empowering marginalized sections of society, especially women and disadvantaged communities. 5. Promoting transparency and accountability in governance through social audits and public hearings.

Ans. The Panchayati Raj system in India faces several challenges, including: 1. Lack of financial autonomy: Panchayats often depend on state governments for financial resources, limiting their decision-making powers and hindering effective implementation of development programs. 2. Inadequate capacity-building: Many Panchayat members lack the necessary skills and knowledge to carry out their roles effectively, leading to inefficient governance. 3. Gender inequality: Despite reservation of seats for women, their participation and decision-making power within Panchayats still face societal and cultural barriers. 4. Political interference: Panchayats sometimes experience interference from higher levels of government, compromising their autonomy and functioning. 5. Unequal resource distribution: Allocation of funds and resources among Panchayats is often uneven, leading to disparities in development outcomes between different regions.