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Fundamentals of Physical Geography: Composition & Structure of Atmosphere Video Lecture | NCERT Video Summary: Class 6 to Class 12 (English) - UPSC

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FAQs on Fundamentals of Physical Geography: Composition & Structure of Atmosphere Video Lecture - NCERT Video Summary: Class 6 to Class 12 (English) - UPSC

1. What is the composition of the Earth's atmosphere?
Ans. The Earth's atmosphere is primarily composed of nitrogen (about 78%) and oxygen (about 21%). Other gases such as carbon dioxide, argon, and trace amounts of hydrogen, helium, and ozone are also present.
2. How does the structure of the atmosphere vary with altitude?
Ans. The atmosphere is divided into several layers based on temperature changes with altitude. The lowest layer is the troposphere, where weather occurs. Above it is the stratosphere, which contains the ozone layer. Further up, we have the mesosphere and the thermosphere, which is divided into the ionosphere and exosphere.
3. What is the significance of the ozone layer in the atmosphere?
Ans. The ozone layer is crucial as it absorbs most of the Sun's harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation. It acts as a shield, protecting life on Earth from excessive UV radiation, which can cause skin cancer, eye cataracts, and harm ecosystems.
4. How does the composition of the atmosphere affect climate and weather patterns?
Ans. The composition of the atmosphere influences climate and weather patterns. For example, high concentrations of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide trap heat in the atmosphere, leading to global warming and climate change. Variations in atmospheric composition also impact the formation of clouds, precipitation, and wind patterns, influencing local weather conditions.
5. What are the major sources and sinks of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere?
Ans. The major sources of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere include human activities such as burning fossil fuels, deforestation, and industrial processes. Natural sources like volcanic eruptions and decomposition of organic matter also contribute. Sinks, on the other hand, refer to the processes that remove greenhouse gases from the atmosphere, such as photosynthesis by plants and absorption by oceans and forests.
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