The Mughals Video Lecture | NCERT Video Summary: Class 6 to Class 12 (English) - UPSC

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1. What were the major contributions of the Mughals to Indian culture and architecture?
Ans. The Mughals made significant contributions to Indian culture and architecture. They introduced Persian art and architecture styles, which blended with the existing Indian traditions. Notable architectural achievements include the Taj Mahal, Red Fort, and Jama Masjid. They also patronized the arts, including miniature painting and music. The Mughal emperors also promoted religious harmony and tolerance, fostering a rich cultural exchange.
2. How did the Mughals govern their vast empire?
Ans. The Mughals employed a centralized system of governance to administer their empire. They divided the empire into provinces called Subahs, each ruled by a Subahdar (governor) appointed by the emperor. The emperor held ultimate authority and was advised by a council of nobles. The Mughals also implemented a system of revenue administration known as the Mansabdari system, which determined the rank and salary of officials based on their military or administrative capabilities.
3. What role did Akbar the Great play in the Mughal Empire?
Ans. Akbar the Great was one of the most influential Mughal emperors. He expanded the empire to its largest extent through military conquests and maintained a policy of religious tolerance. Akbar initiated several reforms, including the abolition of the Jizya tax on non-Muslims, the establishment of a centralized administration, and the introduction of a new religion called Din-i-Ilahi. His reign also saw the flourishing of art, architecture, and literature.
4. What led to the decline of the Mughal Empire?
Ans. The decline of the Mughal Empire can be attributed to several factors. The empire faced constant warfare and succession disputes among the princes, weakening its central authority. The economic strain caused by excessive military spending and the oppressive taxation system also contributed to its downfall. Additionally, the empire faced challenges from regional powers such as the Marathas and the British, leading to territorial losses and further weakening of the Mughals.
5. Can you provide a brief overview of the Mughal Empire's administrative and economic systems?
Ans. The Mughal Empire had a well-organized administrative system. It was divided into provinces called Subahs, each governed by a Subahdar appointed by the emperor. The revenue administration followed the Mansabdari system, where officials were ranked based on their military or administrative capabilities and received salaries accordingly. The empire had a prosperous economy based on agriculture, trade, and craftsmanship. The Mughals encouraged trade and had a sophisticated financial system, including the use of coins and the establishment of marketplaces called bazaars.
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