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Pastoralists in the Modern World Video Lecture | NCERT Video Summary: Class 6 to Class 12 (English) - UPSC

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1. Who are pastoralists in the modern world?
Ans. Pastoralists in the modern world are nomadic or semi-nomadic communities who rely on animal husbandry for their livelihood. They primarily raise livestock such as sheep, goats, cattle, or camels and move from one place to another in search of grazing land and water sources.
2. What challenges do pastoralists face in the modern world?
Ans. Pastoralists face several challenges in the modern world, including the encroachment of their traditional grazing lands by agricultural activities, industrialization, and urbanization. They also struggle with climate change, which affects the availability of grazing land and water resources. Additionally, conflicts with settled communities and government policies that prioritize agriculture over pastoralism pose significant challenges.
3. How do pastoralists adapt to the modern world?
Ans. Pastoralists adapt to the modern world by employing various strategies. Some pastoral communities have diversified their livelihoods by engaging in non-pastoral activities such as trading, handicrafts, or wage labor. Others have formed cooperatives or associations to advocate for their rights and protect their grazing lands. Some pastoralists have also adopted modern technologies like solar-powered water pumps and mobile phones for communication and market access.
4. What is the importance of pastoralism in the modern world?
Ans. Pastoralism plays a crucial role in the modern world in several ways. It contributes to food security by providing a source of meat, milk, and other animal products. Pastoralism also preserves biodiversity as pastoralists often maintain a symbiotic relationship with their environment. Additionally, it contributes to cultural diversity and traditional knowledge, and it can be a sustainable and resilient livelihood system in arid and semi-arid regions.
5. How can governments support pastoralists in the modern world?
Ans. Governments can support pastoralists by recognizing their rights to traditional grazing lands and water resources. They can develop policies that balance the needs of pastoralists with other sectors such as agriculture and conservation. Governments can also invest in infrastructure development, such as water storage facilities and veterinary services, to enhance the resilience of pastoralist communities. Furthermore, providing access to education and healthcare services can contribute to improving the lives of pastoralists in the modern world.
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