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What is Genomic Sequencing? Video Lecture | Science & Technology for UPSC CSE
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| 1. What is genomic sequencing? |  |
Genomic sequencing is a laboratory technique used to determine the complete DNA sequence of an organism's genome. It involves reading and decoding the order of nucleotide bases (adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine) within an individual's DNA.
| 2. How does genomic sequencing work? | |
Genomic sequencing typically involves four main steps: DNA extraction, DNA fragmentation, sequencing, and data analysis. DNA is first extracted from the cells, then fragmented into smaller pieces. These fragments are then sequenced using advanced technologies, such as next-generation sequencing, which reads the order of nucleotide bases. Finally, the generated data is analyzed to determine the individual's genetic information.
| 3. What are the applications of genomic sequencing? | |
Genomic sequencing has numerous applications in various fields. It is used in medical research to understand genetic diseases, identify genetic mutations, and develop personalized treatments. It is also employed in forensics for DNA profiling and in agriculture to improve crop yield and resilience. Additionally, genomic sequencing plays a crucial role in evolutionary studies and conservation efforts.
| 4. How much does genomic sequencing cost? | |
The cost of genomic sequencing has significantly decreased over the years. Currently, the price can range from hundreds to thousands of dollars, depending on the type and depth of sequencing required. Whole-genome sequencing, which provides the most comprehensive genetic information, tends to be more expensive than targeted or exome sequencing, which focus on specific regions of the genome.
| 5. What are the ethical considerations surrounding genomic sequencing? | |
Genomic sequencing raises several ethical considerations. One primary concern is the privacy and security of genetic data. As genomic information contains sensitive personal information, there is a risk of it being misused or accessed without consent. Furthermore, the potential for discrimination based on genetic information can also be a significant ethical concern. Regulations and guidelines are continuously being developed to address these issues and ensure responsible use of genomic sequencing data.
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Nov 24, 2024 Last updated |
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