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Line spectra to identify elements (Part - 9) - Atoms Video Lecture - Class 12

FAQs on Line spectra to identify elements (Part - 9) - Atoms Video Lecture - Class 12

1. What is line spectra and how is it used to identify elements?

Ans. Line spectra refers to the unique pattern of colored lines produced when an element is subjected to a high-energy source, such as a flame or an electric discharge. Each element has its own specific set of lines in its line spectra, which acts as a "fingerprint" for that element. By comparing the observed line spectra of an unknown substance with the known line spectra of different elements, scientists can identify the elements present.

2. How are line spectra produced?

Ans. Line spectra are produced when atoms or ions absorb energy and transition from their ground state to an excited state. This excitation can be achieved by subjecting the element to high temperatures, such as heating it in a flame or passing an electric current through a gas discharge tube. When the excited atoms or ions return to their ground state, they release the excess energy in the form of light. This light is then passed through a prism or a diffraction grating, which separates it into its component wavelengths, resulting in the observation of a line spectra.

3. Why do different elements have different line spectra?

Ans. Different elements have different line spectra because each element has a unique arrangement of electrons in its atom or ion. When energy is absorbed by an element, the electrons in its atom or ion are excited to higher energy levels. However, these electrons can only occupy specific energy levels, known as discrete energy levels. When the excited electrons return to their original energy level, they release energy in the form of light. The energy released corresponds to the difference in energy between the excited state and the ground state, and this energy difference determines the wavelength of light emitted. Since each element has a different electron configuration, the energy differences and consequently the wavelengths of light emitted are unique to each element, resulting in different line spectra.

4. How can line spectra be used to identify elements in practice?

Ans. Line spectra can be used to identify elements in practice by comparing the observed line spectra of an unknown substance with the known line spectra of different elements. This comparison can be done visually, by matching the pattern of lines in the unknown line spectra with the pattern of lines in the known line spectra. Additionally, the wavelengths of the lines in the unknown line spectra can be measured using spectroscopic techniques, and these wavelengths can be compared with the wavelengths of known lines for different elements. By finding a match between the observed wavelengths and the known wavelengths, the element present in the unknown substance can be identified.

5. Can line spectra be used to identify elements in compounds or mixtures?

Ans. Yes, line spectra can be used to identify elements in compounds or mixtures. When a compound or mixture is subjected to high-energy sources, the individual elements present in the compound or mixture will emit their characteristic line spectra. By analyzing the line spectra, scientists can identify the elements present in the compound or mixture. However, it is important to note that the line spectra of a compound or mixture will be a combination of the line spectra of its individual elements, making the analysis more complex.

Text Transcript from Video

hello friends this video on Adams fat
line is brought to you by example your
top move over from exam please make sure
that you have watched all the video so
fat ate before going ahead with part
nine now how what is the significance of
this spectral lines as I mentioned this
study of spectra Spurs study of spectrum
that is spectroscopic is extremely
useful how because line emission spectra
are of great interest in the study of
electronic structure this line spectra
can help you to identify elements by
looking at the spectrum produced by and
by a substance you can identify the
substance each element has a unique line
emission spectrum this is what I was
talking about something that I told you
right every human being has got a unique
fingerprint so by looking at the
fingerprint you can identify it belongs
to whole similarly by looking at the
line emission spectrum you can identify
which element emitted this spectrum the
characteristic lines in atomic spectra
can be used in chemical analysis to
identify unknown atoms in the same way
as fingerprints are used to identify
people very true right so where does it
file its applications for example I'll
give you one small example let us
suppose there is a some some atom bomb
or some poisonous substances created by
some bad group of people right so they
are using it for some bad purpose then
using some poisonous chemical to kill
people right so now there is a group of
good people who want that chemical to be
detected right now if that chemical has
come into market many people will buy it
and will make bad use of it right so how
will you be able to detect that chemical
because by looking at it you will not
know what it is
so what how do people do research on
this they take that chemical they try to
study the spectrum formed by that
chemical by looking at the spectrum or
by studying that spectrum they are able
to identify the constituent of that
chemical they are able to identify how
that chemical has been composed off now
once you know the constituent of the
chemical then you will be able to find
out a solution which can fight with that
chemical or which can destroy that
chemical right so this is how line
spectra is used to identify animals
there was a german chemist named robert
vention was one of the first
investigators to use line spectra to
identify elements and it is extremely
useful even today if you talk to some
scientists or witch who are working on
identification of elements or who are
doing research on spectroscopy they will
tell you how useful it is to study the
structure of electronic to study the
structure of atoms elements like
rubidium cesium gallium indium gallium
helium and Santiam where this discovered
by spectroscopic methods because it was
found that there was some spectrum which
which did not belong to any of the
existing elements so a new element got
discovered so this is how these some of
these elements were discovered so now
you understand the importance of atomic
spectra okay so now since atomic spectra
was so very important and Rutherford's
model of atom could not explain atomic
spectra so it was a great setback for
that model therefore both smarty came up
and born started his investigation on he
started his analysis from the spectra of
hydrogen so with the help of the spectra
atomic spectra of hydrogen he gave his
entire clear your pattern thank you
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Mar 07, 2025 Last updated

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