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Short Tricks: Molecular Basis of Inheritance Video Lecture | Biology Class 12 - NEET

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FAQs on Short Tricks: Molecular Basis of Inheritance Video Lecture - Biology Class 12 - NEET

1. What is the molecular basis of inheritance?
Ans. The molecular basis of inheritance refers to the process by which genetic information is passed on from one generation to the next. It involves the transmission of DNA, the genetic material, from parents to offspring, which contains the instructions for the development and functioning of living organisms.
2. How does DNA play a role in inheritance?
Ans. DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is a molecule that carries the genetic instructions for the development, functioning, and reproduction of all known living organisms. During inheritance, DNA is replicated and passed on from parents to offspring. It contains genes, which are specific segments of DNA that code for proteins and determine various traits and characteristics.
3. What are the key molecules involved in the molecular basis of inheritance?
Ans. The key molecules involved in the molecular basis of inheritance are DNA, RNA (ribonucleic acid), and proteins. DNA contains the genetic information, RNA acts as a messenger to carry the instructions from DNA to the protein synthesis machinery, and proteins are the molecules that perform various functions in the cell based on the instructions provided by DNA.
4. How is genetic information transferred from DNA to proteins?
Ans. The process of transferring genetic information from DNA to proteins is called protein synthesis or gene expression. It involves two major steps: transcription and translation. During transcription, RNA is synthesized from DNA, specifically from the gene region, in a process catalyzed by the enzyme RNA polymerase. The resulting RNA, called messenger RNA (mRNA), carries the genetic information to the ribosomes for translation. In translation, the mRNA is read by ribosomes, and the sequence of nucleotides is translated into a specific sequence of amino acids to form a protein.
5. What is the significance of the molecular basis of inheritance in understanding genetic disorders?
Ans. The molecular basis of inheritance plays a crucial role in understanding genetic disorders. Genetic disorders are caused by mutations or alterations in the DNA sequence, which can lead to changes in the structure or function of proteins. By studying the molecular basis of inheritance, scientists can gain insights into the underlying causes of genetic disorders, develop diagnostic tools, and explore potential treatments or interventions to mitigate the effects of these disorders.
122 videos|311 docs|196 tests
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