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Introduction: Breathing & Exchange of Gases Video Lecture - NEET

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1. What is the process of breathing?

Ans. Breathing is the process of inhalation and exhalation in which air is taken in and expelled out of the lungs. During inhalation, the diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract, causing the chest cavity to expand. This leads to a decrease in air pressure inside the lungs, allowing air to rush in through the nose or mouth. During exhalation, the diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax, causing the chest cavity to contract. This increases the air pressure inside the lungs, forcing air to be expelled.

2. How does the exchange of gases occur in the lungs?

Ans. The exchange of gases occurs in the lungs through a process called diffusion. Oxygen from the inhaled air diffuses across the walls of the alveoli (small air sacs in the lungs) into the surrounding capillaries. Simultaneously, carbon dioxide, a waste product of cellular respiration, diffuses from the capillaries into the alveoli. This exchange of gases is facilitated by the thin walls and large surface area of the alveoli, as well as the concentration gradient between the air in the alveoli and the blood in the capillaries.

3. What is the role of hemoglobin in the transport of gases?

Ans. Hemoglobin is a protein found in red blood cells that plays a crucial role in the transport of gases in the bloodstream. It binds to oxygen molecules in the lungs, forming oxyhemoglobin. This oxyhemoglobin travels through the arteries to reach tissues throughout the body, where it releases oxygen due to lower oxygen concentration in the tissues. Hemoglobin also aids in the transport of carbon dioxide, as it binds to carbon dioxide molecules and carries them back to the lungs for exhalation.

4. How does the respiratory system adapt during exercise?

Ans. During exercise, the respiratory system adapts to meet the increased oxygen demand of the body. The rate and depth of breathing increase, allowing for a greater volume of air to be inhaled and exhaled. This is achieved by the increased contraction of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles. The oxygen uptake in the lungs also increases, as more alveoli become active and participate in gas exchange. Additionally, the blood vessels in the lungs dilate to facilitate a greater flow of blood and improve oxygen delivery to the working muscles.

5. What are some common respiratory disorders?

Ans. Some common respiratory disorders include asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pneumonia, bronchitis, and emphysema. Asthma is characterized by recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. COPD is a progressive lung disease that causes airflow limitation, leading to difficulty in breathing. Pneumonia is an infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs. Bronchitis is the inflammation of the bronchial tubes, resulting in coughing and production of excess mucus. Emphysema is a condition where the air sacs in the lungs are damaged, causing shortness of breath and reduced lung function.

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Jan 16, 2025 Last updated

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