Nationalism in India - III Video Lecture | Social Studies (SST) Class 10

0:0:0: have you ever wondered how ordinary
0:0:2: citizens can bring about extraordinary
0:0:4: change in society
0:0:6: have you ever thought about the limits
0:0:9: of Civil Disobedience and its impact on
0:0:11: creating a sense of collective belonging
0:0:14: well in today's video we will dive into
0:0:17: these topics and explore the power of
0:0:19: civil disobedience in shaping the course
0:0:22: of Indian history
0:0:24: we all have heard the phrase Civil
0:0:26: Disobedience before but what does it
0:0:29: actually mean
0:0:30: well Civil Disobedience refers to the
0:0:33: act of intentionally breaking the law or
0:0:36: disobeying a government's orders as a
0:0:38: form of protest against Injustice or
0:0:40: oppression
0:0:42: the concept of Civil Disobedience has
0:0:44: been employed by various social
0:0:46: movements throughout history to bring
0:0:48: about social economic and political
0:0:51: change
0:0:52: students we have already covered modern
0:0:55: nationalism the first world war the
0:0:58: khilafat movement non-cooperation and
0:1:1: differing strands within the movement in
0:1:3: the previous edurav videos
0:1:6: so to complete this chapter we will be
0:1:9: covering the following topics in this
0:1:11: video first towards civil disobedience
0:1:15: in which we will further study about its
0:1:18: introduction the Salt March or the Civil
0:1:21: Disobedience movement and how
0:1:24: participants saw the movement
0:1:26: second the limits of civil disobedience
0:1:30: third the sense of collective belonging
0:1:33: to start with let us understand India at
0:1:37: a Crossroads the road to Independence
0:1:39: and the challenges along the way are
0:1:41: simply put introduction towards civil
0:1:44: disobedience
0:1:46: the year was 1922 and India was at a
0:1:50: Crossroads
0:1:51: Mahatma Gandhi had withdrawn from the
0:1:54: non-cooperation movement due to
0:1:56: increasing violence and Congress leaders
0:1:58: were grappling with the way forward
0:2:1: some leaders such as CR Das and motilal
0:2:4: nehru formed the swaraj party and wanted
0:2:7: to participate in provincial council
0:2:9: elections While others such as
0:2:11: jawaharlal nehru and Subhash Chandra
0:2:13: Bose pushed for more radical Mass
0:2:15: agitation and full Independence
0:2:18: however events outside of India were
0:2:21: also having a significant impact on the
0:2:24: country's political landscape
0:2:26: from 1926 agricultural prices began to
0:2:30: fall leading to a decline in exports and
0:2:33: difficulties for peasants to pay their
0:2:35: revenue
0:2:36: by 1930 the Indian Countryside was in
0:2:40: turmoil due to the worldwide economic
0:2:42: depression
0:2:44: the British government also set up a
0:2:46: statutory commission under Sir John
0:2:48: Simon in response to the Nationalist
0:2:50: movement to review the Constitutional
0:2:53: system in India and suggest changes
0:2:56: the commission faced opposition in India
0:2:59: as it had no Indian members leading to
0:3:2: protests with the slogan go back Simon
0:3:5: all parties including the Congress and
0:3:8: the Muslim League took part in the
0:3:10: demonstrations against the commission
0:3:13: in October 1929 Viceroy Lord Irwin
0:3:17: announced a vague offer of dominion
0:3:19: status for India and a Roundtable
0:3:21: conference to discuss a future
0:3:23: Constitution
0:3:25: this offer did not satisfy Congress
0:3:28: leaders who saw it as a half-hearted
0:3:30: attempt to delay the inevitable
0:3:32: the radicals led by jawaharlal nehru and
0:3:36: Subhash Chandra Bose became more
0:3:38: assertive and demanded full Independence
0:3:40: for India
0:3:42: in December 1929 the Lahore Congress
0:3:45: under nehru's presidency formalized the
0:3:48: demand for Purna swaraj of full
0:3:50: Independence for India
0:3:53: on the 26th of January 1930 the Indian
0:3:56: National Congress celebrated
0:3:58: Independence Day for the first time when
0:4:1: people were to take a pledge to struggle
0:4:3: for complete Independence but the
0:4:5: celebrations received little attention
0:4:8: to make the concept of Freedom more
0:4:10: relatable Mahatma Gandhi sought to
0:4:12: connect it to concrete issues of
0:4:14: everyday life
0:4:16: so the struggle for Independence was
0:4:19: complicated by external economic factors
0:4:22: as well as the British government's
0:4:24: reluctance to Grant full Independence
0:4:27: however the persistent efforts of
0:4:29: leaders such as Mahatma Gandhi and
0:4:31: jawaharlal nehru eventually led to the
0:4:34: formalization of the demand for full
0:4:36: Independence
0:4:38: let us now move on to the Salt March or
0:4:41: the Civil Disobedience movement Gandhi's
0:4:44: fight for Indian independence
0:4:47: once again Gandhi found himself in the
0:4:50: middle of a fight for Indian
0:4:51: independence
0:4:53: it was the year 1930 and the British
0:4:56: colonial government had been ruling
0:4:58: India for over 200 years
0:5:1: the Indian National Congress led by
0:5:3: Gandhi had been peacefully protesting
0:5:6: British rule for years but it seemed
0:5:8: like the government was not listening
0:5:11: so Gandhi decided to take drastic action
0:5:15: on January 31 1930 he sent a letter to
0:5:19: Viceroy Irvin with 11 demands to unite
0:5:22: Indian Society
0:5:24: the most significant of these demands
0:5:27: was the abolition of the salt tax which
0:5:29: affected both the rich and the poor
0:5:32: Gandhi gave Urban an ultimatum if the
0:5:35: demands were not met by March 11
0:5:37: Congress would launch a civil
0:5:39: disobedience campaign
0:5:41: however Irwin refused to negotiate and
0:5:44: Gandhi knew he had to take action
0:5:47: and so on March 12 1930 Gandhi and 78
0:5:52: volunteers began the Salt March
0:5:55: they walked 240 miles from sabarmati to
0:5:59: dandi making speeches along the way
0:6:1: advocating for peaceful Defiance and
0:6:4: swaraj self rule
0:6:6: thousands of people gathered to hear
0:6:8: Gandhi speak and his message of
0:6:10: non-violent resistance resonated with
0:6:13: many
0:6:14: on April 6 Gandhi reached dandi and
0:6:17: broke the law by making salt from
0:6:19: seawater
0:6:20: this act of Civil Disobedience was
0:6:23: followed by the Civil Disobedience
0:6:25: movement
0:6:26: this movement was different from the
0:6:29: non-cooperation movement as people were
0:6:31: asked to break Colonial laws
0:6:34: non-cooperation movement means refusing
0:6:37: to cooperate with British government but
0:6:40: Civil Disobedience movement means
0:6:42: refusing to obey the laws formed by the
0:6:44: British
0:6:46: thousands broke the salt law boycotted
0:6:48: foreign cloth and picketed liquor shops
0:6:52: peasants refused to pay taxes Village
0:6:55: officials resigned and Forest people
0:6:57: violated Forest laws
0:6:59: the colonial government was not pleased
0:7:2: with the movement and they arrested
0:7:4: Congress leaders leading to Violent
0:7:6: clashes and repressive measures
0:7:9: however the Indian people were
0:7:11: determined to fight for their freedom
0:7:13: and the movement continued
0:7:16: but then Gandhi called off the movement
0:7:18: and agreed to participate in the
0:7:20: Roundtable conference in London
0:7:23: the government released political
0:7:25: prisoners in return
0:7:27: however negotiations in London broke
0:7:30: down and Gandhi returned disappointed
0:7:33: back in India the government started a
0:7:36: new cycle of repression and Gandhi
0:7:38: relaunched the movement
0:7:40: the Civil Disobedience movement
0:7:43: continued for over a year but lost
0:7:45: momentum by 1934.
0:7:48: despite this Gandhi's efforts remained a
0:7:51: significant part of India's struggle for
0:7:53: Independence
0:7:55: in summary Gandhi's Salt March and the
0:7:58: Civil Disobedience movement were pivotal
0:8:0: in India's fight for independence
0:8:2: inspiring peaceful Defiance and uniting
0:8:5: the Indian people against British
0:8:7: colonial rule also do you know that cbse
0:8:10: repeats previous questions in board
0:8:13: exams
0:8:14: so while studying any topic you can also
0:8:17: practice the previous year's question
0:8:19: papers on eduref to understand the level
0:8:22: and the variety of questions that are
0:8:24: asked in the exam
0:8:27: moving on let us now explore diverse
0:8:30: social groups with different motivations
0:8:32: and goals or how participants saw the
0:8:34: movement
0:8:36: just like other movements in India the
0:8:39: Civil Disobedience movement was not just
0:8:41: a singular movement with a singular
0:8:43: group of people it was a movement that
0:8:46: involved a variety of social groups each
0:8:48: with their own motivations and goals
0:8:51: one of the groups that participated in
0:8:54: the movement was the rich peasant
0:8:56: communities such as the patidars of
0:8:58: Gujarat and the juts of uttar Pradesh
0:9:1: these communities were hit hard by the
0:9:4: trade depression and falling prices and
0:9:6: supported the movement to fight against
0:9:8: High revenues
0:9:10: however they were disappointed when the
0:9:13: movement was called off without any
0:9:15: revision to the revenue rates
0:9:17: on the other hand the poorer peasantry
0:9:20: who struggled with rent payments to
0:9:22: their landlords joined radical movements
0:9:25: led by socialists and Communists and had
0:9:28: an uncertain relationship with Congress
0:9:30: due to Congress reluctance to support no
0:9:32: rent campaigns
0:9:34: the Indian merchants and industrialists
0:9:37: played a significant role in the
0:9:39: movement
0:9:40: they made huge profits during World War
0:9:43: One and opposed colonial policies that
0:9:46: restricted business activities
0:9:48: they formed the Indian Industrial and
0:9:51: Commercial Congress 1920 and the
0:9:53: Federation of Indian Chamber of Commerce
0:9:56: and industries ficci 1927 to support
0:10:0: their interests
0:10:2: initially they supported the Civil
0:10:4: Disobedience movement but became
0:10:6: apprehensive later
0:10:8: as India fought for its independence the
0:10:11: country was a Melting Pot of diverse
0:10:13: social groups each with its own
0:10:15: struggles aspirations and limitations
0:10:19: two such groups were the industrial
0:10:22: working class and women the industrial
0:10:25: working class had limited participation
0:10:27: in the movement many of them distanced
0:10:30: themselves from Congress as
0:10:32: industrialists came closer to the
0:10:34: political party
0:10:36: however some workers participated in
0:10:39: boycotts of foreign Goods strikes and
0:10:41: protests
0:10:43: they were determined to fight for their
0:10:45: rights even if it meant going against
0:10:47: the grain
0:10:49: unfortunately Congress was reluctant to
0:10:52: include workers demands in its program
0:10:55: on the other hand women played a
0:10:57: significant role in the movement
0:11:0: they participated in large numbers in
0:11:3: various activities from listening to
0:11:5: gandhiji to protest marches
0:11:7: manufacturing salt and picketing liquor
0:11:9: shops
0:11:11: women from high caste Urban families and
0:11:14: Rich peasant rural households also
0:11:16: service to the nation as a sacred Duty
0:11:20: despite their involvement the position
0:11:22: of women in society did not change
0:11:25: significantly
0:11:27: gandhiji believed that women's primary
0:11:29: Duty was in the home which limited their
0:11:32: participation in positions of authority
0:11:34: within the organization
0:11:36: unfortunately Congress was also
0:11:39: reluctant to allow women in positions of
0:11:41: power perpetuating the status quo
0:11:45: next we move on to the second topic of
0:11:48: this video which is the limits of civil
0:11:51: disobedience
0:11:52: or you can say political turmoil and
0:11:55: fractured movements as India struggled
0:11:58: for Independence
0:12:0: as India fought for its independence the
0:12:3: country was a hotbed of political
0:12:4: turmoil with various groups vying for
0:12:7: recognition and representation within
0:12:9: the movement
0:12:11: The Untouchables or dullets felt ignored
0:12:14: by Congress due to fears of offending
0:12:16: conservative high-caste Hindus
0:12:19: however Gandhi aimed to eliminate in
0:12:22: teachability calling them harijan
0:12:24: children of God and advocating for their
0:12:27: rights to public spaces and amenities
0:12:30: despite his efforts dalit participation
0:12:33: in the Civil Disobedience movement
0:12:35: remained limited as many delete leaders
0:12:37: sought political Solutions such as
0:12:39: reserved seats in educational
0:12:41: institutions and separate electorates
0:12:44: Dr BR ambedkar a prominent dalit leader
0:12:48: organized the dullets into the depressed
0:12:51: classes Association in 1930.
0:12:54: he clashed with Gandhi at the Second
0:12:56: Round Table conference demanding
0:12:58: separate electorates for dullets
0:13:1: following Gandhi's fast unto death
0:13:4: ambedkar agreed to the Pula pact which
0:13:6: provided reserved seats for depressed
0:13:9: classes but with a general electorate
0:13:12: the dalit movement remained cautious of
0:13:14: the congress-led national movement
0:13:17: many Muslim organizations felt alienated
0:13:20: from Congress after the decline of the
0:13:23: non-cooperation khilafit movement
0:13:26: congress's association with Hindu
0:13:28: nationalist groups and communal clashes
0:13:31: further deepened The Divide between
0:13:32: Hindus and Muslims
0:13:35: efforts to forge Unity between Congress
0:13:37: and the Muslim League failed due to
0:13:39: disagreements over representation in
0:13:42: future assemblies
0:13:44: Jinnah was willing to give up separate
0:13:46: electorates in exchange for reserved
0:13:48: seats and proportional representation in
0:13:51: muslim-dominated provinces but
0:13:53: negotiations fell apart
0:13:55: as a result when the Civil Disobedience
0:13:58: movement started there was already
0:14:0: suspicion and distressed between Hindus
0:14:3: and Muslims
0:14:4: many Muslims felt alienated from
0:14:7: Congress and were concerned about their
0:14:9: status as a minority within India
0:14:12: large sections of Muslims did not
0:14:15: respond to the call for a United
0:14:16: struggle during the Civil Disobedience
0:14:19: movement leading to a Fractured and
0:14:21: divided movement
0:14:24: in the end let's understand the role of
0:14:27: symbols and cultural identity in India's
0:14:29: fight for independence or the sense of
0:14:32: collective belonging
0:14:34: in India nationalism and Collective
0:14:36: belonging were the driving forces behind
0:14:39: the country's fight for independence
0:14:42: people believed that they were part of
0:14:44: the same Nation United by shared
0:14:46: experiences and cultural processes
0:14:50: to promote this feeling of unity history
0:14:53: fiction folklore songs popular prints
0:14:56: and symbols were used to contribute to
0:14:59: nationalism
0:15:0: in the 20th century India's identity was
0:15:4: associated with the image of Bharat Mata
0:15:7: created by bankim Chandra chattopadhya
0:15:10: in the 1870 through the hymn Vande
0:15:13: mataram the image evolved over time and
0:15:16: Devotion to its signified nationalism
0:15:19: this visual symbol of national identity
0:15:22: became a source of inspiration for the
0:15:24: people
0:15:25: nationalists also recorded Folk Tales
0:15:28: songs and legends to preserve
0:15:30: traditional culture
0:15:35: were prominent figures in the folk
0:15:37: Revival movement
0:15:39: folklore was considered National
0:15:41: literature and a representation of
0:15:43: people's true thoughts and
0:15:45: characteristics
0:15:47: nationalist leaders used icons and
0:15:49: symbols to inspire unity and nationalism
0:15:53: tricolor flags were designed during the
0:15:55: swadeshi movement and by gandhiji
0:15:58: carrying and displaying the flag became
0:16:1: a symbol of defiance Indians sought to
0:16:4: instill pride in the nation by
0:16:6: reinterpreting history they focused on
0:16:9: the Glorious achievements in ancient
0:16:11: times followed by a period of decline
0:16:13: under colonization
0:16:16: nationalist histories aim to inspire
0:16:18: pride and a desire for change however
0:16:21: there were issues in unifying people
0:16:24: when the glorified past was
0:16:26: predominantly Hindu people of other
0:16:29: communities felt excluded
0:16:31: the challenge was to create a sense of
0:16:34: unity while maintaining the diverse
0:16:36: cultural identity of India
0:16:39: in conclusion Civil Disobedience has
0:16:42: been employed throughout history as a
0:16:44: means to bring about social economic and
0:16:46: political change
0:16:48: this video explored the power of Civil
0:16:51: Disobedience and its impact on creating
0:16:53: a sense of collective belonging
0:16:56: despite the challenges faced the Indian
0:16:59: people were determined to fight for
0:17:1: their freedom and Civil Disobedience
0:17:3: played a crucial role in shaping the
0:17:5: course of history
0:17:7: with this we come to the end of the
0:17:10: second chapter nationalism in India
0:17:13: we hope that you have understood the
0:17:15: topic you can now study chapter notes
0:17:18: watch video lectures and solve McQ tests
0:17:21: of this chapter on edurev to ensure you
0:17:24: score well in your board exams
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0:17:29: courses for maths science English Hindi
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0:17:35: thank you