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Genetic Engineering Video Lecture | Science & Technology for UPSC CSE

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FAQs on Genetic Engineering Video Lecture - Science & Technology for UPSC CSE

1. What is genetic engineering and how does it work?
Ans. Genetic engineering is a scientific technique that involves manipulating an organism's DNA to create desired traits or characteristics. This is done by inserting or modifying specific genes in the organism's genome. Genetic engineering techniques include gene cloning, gene splicing, and gene modification through the use of enzymes and vectors.
2. What are the applications of genetic engineering?
Ans. Genetic engineering has a wide range of applications in various fields. It is used in agriculture to develop genetically modified crops that are resistant to pests, diseases, or environmental conditions. In medicine, genetic engineering is utilized for producing pharmaceuticals, developing gene therapies, and creating genetically modified organisms for research purposes. It is also used in forensic science, bioremediation, and animal breeding.
3. What are the potential benefits and risks associated with genetic engineering?
Ans. Genetic engineering offers several potential benefits such as increased crop yields, reduced use of pesticides, improved disease resistance, and the production of valuable pharmaceuticals. It also has the potential to cure genetic diseases and enhance human health. However, there are also risks involved, including the possibility of unintended ecological impacts, development of antibiotic resistance, and ethical concerns related to the modification of human genes.
4. How is genetic engineering regulated?
Ans. Genetic engineering is regulated by various national and international bodies to ensure its safe and responsible use. Different countries have different regulations, but common principles include risk assessment, labeling of genetically modified organisms (GMOs), and compliance with ethical guidelines. International organizations like the Codex Alimentarius Commission and the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety provide guidelines for the safe handling and transboundary movement of GMOs.
5. What are the ethical concerns surrounding genetic engineering?
Ans. Genetic engineering raises several ethical concerns, including the potential for unintended consequences and long-term environmental impacts. There are also ethical questions surrounding the modification of human genes, such as the creation of "designer babies" or the potential for genetic discrimination. The potential for unequal access to genetic technologies and the ownership of genetically modified organisms are other ethical considerations that need to be addressed.
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