Hepatitis – Causes, Types & Treatment Video Lecture | Science & Technology for UPSC CSE

Ans. Hepatitis is the inflammation of the liver, which can be caused by a variety of factors. The most common causes of hepatitis are viral infections, including hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Other causes include excessive alcohol consumption, certain medications and drugs, autoimmune diseases, metabolic disorders, and toxins.

Ans. There are several types of hepatitis, including hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. - Hepatitis A is usually caused by consuming contaminated food or water and is typically a short-term illness. - Hepatitis B is transmitted through contact with infected blood, semen, or other body fluids and can be both acute and chronic. - Hepatitis C is primarily spread through contact with infected blood and can also be acute or chronic. - Hepatitis D only occurs in individuals who are already infected with hepatitis B and can lead to more severe liver disease. - Hepatitis E is mainly transmitted through contaminated water and is usually a self-limiting infection.

Ans. The symptoms of hepatitis can vary depending on the type and stage of the infection. Common symptoms include fatigue, jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), abdominal pain, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, dark urine, pale stools, and muscle or joint pain. However, some individuals with hepatitis may not experience any symptoms, especially in the early stages of the infection.

Ans. Hepatitis is diagnosed through blood tests to detect the presence of viral antigens or antibodies. Additional tests, such as liver function tests, may also be conducted to evaluate the extent of liver damage. The specific treatment for hepatitis depends on the type and severity of the infection. - Hepatitis A usually resolves on its own with supportive care, such as rest and adequate hydration. - Hepatitis B and C may require antiviral medications to reduce viral replication and prevent further liver damage. - Hepatitis D treatment focuses on managing the underlying hepatitis B infection. - Hepatitis E typically resolves on its own, but in severe cases, hospitalization and supportive care may be necessary.

Ans. Hepatitis can be prevented through various measures: - Vaccination: Vaccines are available for hepatitis A and B, which can provide long-term protection against these infections. - Practicing safe hygiene: Washing hands thoroughly, especially before handling food, can help prevent the spread of hepatitis A and E. - Safe sex: Using barrier methods such as condoms can reduce the risk of hepatitis B and other sexually transmitted infections. - Avoiding sharing needles: Hepatitis C and B can be transmitted through contaminated needles, so avoiding the sharing of needles or other drug paraphernalia is crucial. - Safe blood transfusions: Ensuring that blood and blood products are screened for hepatitis viruses before transfusion can prevent transmission.