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Complex Power & Reactive Power Video Lecture | Network Theory (Electric Circuits) - Electrical Engineering (EE)

FAQs on Complex Power & Reactive Power Video Lecture - Network Theory (Electric Circuits) - Electrical Engineering (EE)

1. What is complex power in electrical engineering?

Ans. Complex power, denoted as S, is a measure of the total power in an AC circuit, combining both real power (P) and reactive power (Q). It is expressed in volt-amperes (VA) and can be represented as S = P + jQ, where j is the imaginary unit. Real power represents the actual power consumed by the circuit, while reactive power represents the power that oscillates between the source and load, which does not perform any useful work.

2. How is reactive power defined and what is its significance?

Ans. Reactive power, represented by Q, is the power that alternates between the source and load in an AC circuit, typically due to inductive or capacitive elements. It is measured in reactive volt-amperes (VAR). Reactive power is significant because it helps maintain the voltage levels necessary for the proper functioning of electrical equipment, ensuring efficiency in power systems and preventing voltage drops.

3. What is the relationship between real power, reactive power, and apparent power?

Ans. The relationship is defined by the power triangle, where real power (P), reactive power (Q), and apparent power (S) are related through the equation S² = P² + Q². Here, S is the magnitude of apparent power, which is the combination of real and reactive power. The angle θ between P and S is known as the power factor angle, and the cosine of this angle gives the power factor, which indicates the efficiency of the power usage in the circuit.

4. How do you calculate power factor and why is it important?

Ans. The power factor (PF) is calculated as PF = P / S, where P is the real power and S is the apparent power. It indicates the fraction of the total power that is used for productive work. A power factor close to 1 (or 100%) means that most of the energy supplied is being used effectively, while a lower power factor indicates inefficiencies that can lead to increased energy costs and strain on the electrical system.

5. What are the effects of reactive power on electrical systems?

Ans. Reactive power can lead to various effects in electrical systems, including voltage drops, increased losses in transmission lines, and reduced capacity for delivering real power. If reactive power is not adequately managed, it can cause equipment overheating, reduced efficiency, and even equipment failure. Therefore, utilities often employ devices such as capacitors and inductors to regulate reactive power and improve system stability and efficiency.

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Sep 28, 2025 Last updated

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