Introduction to Heat Transfer (Contd.) Video Lecture | Crash Course for GATE Chemical Engineering

FAQs on Introduction to Heat Transfer (Contd.) Video Lecture - Crash Course for GATE Chemical Engineering

1. What are the three modes of heat transfer?
Ans. The three modes of heat transfer are conduction, convection, and radiation. Conduction is the transfer of heat through a solid material without the movement of the material itself, typically occurring in solids. Convection involves the transfer of heat through fluids (liquids or gases) where the warmer parts of the fluid rise while the cooler parts sink, creating a circulation pattern. Radiation is the transfer of heat in the form of electromagnetic waves and does not require a medium; this is how heat from the sun reaches the Earth.
2. How is heat transfer related to chemical engineering processes?
Ans. Heat transfer is crucial in chemical engineering as it affects the efficiency and safety of chemical processes. It plays a key role in various operations such as distillation, absorption, and reaction kinetics. Understanding heat transfer allows engineers to design effective heat exchangers, optimize reaction temperatures, and ensure that processes maintain the desired thermal conditions, which ultimately impacts product quality and energy consumption.
3. What is Fourier's law of heat conduction?
Ans. Fourier's law of heat conduction states that the rate of heat transfer through a material is proportional to the negative gradient of the temperature and the area through which the heat is flowing. Mathematically, it can be expressed as q = -k (dT/dx), where q is the heat transfer rate, k is the thermal conductivity of the material, dT is the temperature difference, and dx is the thickness of the material. This law is fundamental in analyzing heat conduction in solid materials.
4. What factors affect convective heat transfer?
Ans. Convective heat transfer is influenced by several factors, including fluid velocity, temperature difference between the surface and fluid, the nature of the fluid (e.g., viscosity and density), and the surface area in contact with the fluid. Additionally, whether the flow is laminar or turbulent also significantly affects the heat transfer coefficient, which determines the efficiency of convective heat transfer.
5. How do you calculate the overall heat transfer coefficient in a heat exchanger?
Ans. The overall heat transfer coefficient (U) can be calculated using the formula U = 1 / (1/h₁ + R_f + 1/h₂), where h₁ is the heat transfer coefficient of the hot fluid, R_f is the thermal resistance due to the wall or fouling factor, and h₂ is the heat transfer coefficient of the cold fluid. This coefficient is crucial in determining the heat transfer rate in a heat exchanger and is influenced by the properties of the fluids, flow arrangements, and the materials used in the heat exchanger construction.
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